旋风分离器入口结构影响的研究现状与进展

综述了近年来关于入口结构包括入口结构类型、入口截面形状以及入口下倾角度等对旋风分离器性能影响的研究。认为不同的入口结构参数设计对旋风分离器的性能及能耗有较大影响;随着入口数量增多,分离器压降降低,分离效率先升高后减少,双进口分离器的性能较优。入口截面形状采用倒三角形有利于提高分离效率,但压力损失增加;对于矩形入口旋风分离器,增大高宽比有利于提高分离效率,但也会增大压力损失。随着入口截面角的增加,压力损失降低,分离效率先升高后减小,存在有最优的入口截面角;螺旋下倾角能够改善旋风分离器的分离性能,降低压力损失并有效减少上灰环现象的发生。     

铜镉渣酸浸液旋流电积提铜对比分析

针对湿法炼锌副产物铜镉渣氧化酸浸液成分特点,采用旋流电积工艺回收其中的金属铜。研究了不同旋流电积工艺对电积过程中相关技术参数及杂质离子迁移规律的影响,并对不同电积工艺的优缺点进行了对比分析。结果表明：一段旋流电积可使溶液中铜离子浓度从44.14g/L降低到1.42g/L,而分段旋流电积可使溶液中终点铜离子浓度从1.42g/L继续降低至0.5g/L以下,溶液中铜离子在阴极上的电沉积率可从96.78%提高到99.20%,阴极电流效率可从90.52%提高到98.49%。当溶液中铜离子浓度降低到10g/L左右及以下时,杂质离子在阴极与铜发生共沉积现象逐渐明显,分段旋流电积得到的阴极铜产品光泽度及形貌质量较一段电积更好。与一段旋流电积工艺相比,分段旋流电积工艺具有电流效率高、能耗低、产品质量好等优点。     

SLK分离器数值模拟及实验研究

为了改进旋风分离器的分级除尘效率和压力损失等性能指标,对SLK高效低阻分离器的分离过程进行分析,并采用FLUENT软件对旋风分离器的结构参数和操作参数进行数值模拟。通过分析分离器内轴向速度、切向速度与不同颗粒运动轨迹的关系,得到了分离器的关键尺寸和压力控制参数。设计试制了SLK旋风分离器样机并进行了测试分析。该分离器能获得较高的分离效率,并且压力损失比同型号分离器小100～400 Pa,可以作为中、小型水泥厂或其它行业的除尘设备使用。     

湿式除尘器中波纹板脱水技术的研究

针对湿式旋流除尘器体积大、阻力大、脱水效率低的问题,对波纹板脱水的临界风速和阻力等关键参数进行了分析计算,并通过除尘器试验平台进行验证性试验,为除尘器脱水段的改进设计提供了依据。将波纹板脱水技术应用于KCS550湿式旋流除尘器脱水段的改进,有效减小了除尘器整体长度、重量和阻力,提高了脱水效率。     

旋风分离器分离性能的数值模拟与分析

以XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0两种旋风分离器为原型,采用CFD软件对这两种旋风分离器进行了流场与分离效率的数值模拟,初步探讨了入口蜗壳形式与芯管结构对分离效率的影响。模拟结果显示:旋风分离器内流场呈各向异性分布特点,切向速度是影响分离效率的首要因素,径向速度的存在会造成"流场短路"现象,使轴向速度呈不对称分布,导致分离效率的降低。轴向速度与径向速度的共同作用促使颗粒在旋风分离器内做螺旋运动;XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0的分离效率分别为92.55%和94.96%,与实验结果基本吻合,且不同芯管参数下XCX型的分离效率比XLPB型高;螺旋式入口蜗壳(XCX-5.0型)对旋风分离器上部流场的影响相比直流式入口蜗壳(XLPB-5.0型)复杂;对于两种旋风分离器,随着芯管直径的增大,分离效率逐渐变小;随着芯管深度的增大,分离效率先增大后减小。     

Effect of inlet area on the performance of a two-stage cyclone separator

The cyclone separator is an important separation device. This paper presents a new type of embedded two-stage cyclone, which includes a 2nd-stage cyclone (internal traditional cyclone) with multiple inlets and a 1st-stage cyclone (outer cylinder) that unifies the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets into one inlet. The Taguchi experimental method was used to study the two-stage cyclone separator's inlet area on its performance. Studies have shown that the increase of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and the increase in the number of 2nd-stage cyclone inlets (N) positively affect reducing the pressure drop and a negative effect on efficiency. It is recommended to use 2S (the original 1st-stage cyclone inlet area) of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and 2N of the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets when separating fine particles. Compared with a traditional cyclone, the pressure drop is reduced by 1303 Pa, the mass separation efficiency (E_q) is increased by 0.56%, and the number separation efficiency (E_n) is increased by 2.05%. When separating larger particles, it is recommended to use 2S of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and 4N of the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets. Compared with a traditional cyclone, although E_n decreases slightly, the pressure drop is reduced by 3055 Pa, and the E_q is increased by 0.56%. The research results provide new insight into the design of the cyclone.     

顺流式旋风分离器的分离性能研究

采用冷态对比实验研究从灰斗引出排气管的新型顺流式旋风分离器的分离性能。试验考察了导流体直径、导流体长度、导流体-排气管口距离、排气口直径等结构因素对分离性能的影响以及不同入口气速条件下的分离性能。研究结果为该类型旋风分离器的优化设计提供了依据。     

5500t/d顶级旋风预热器的综合研究与评述

本文通过冷态模型试验,结合实际生产参数的测定,对JY厂洪堡型顶部旋风预热器进行了系统研究。研究表明,在设计产量时,由于其流场的分布特点,该旋风筒具有比较理想的气固分离效果;但阻力相对较高,分离效率受风速影响较大,在提高系统产能时分离效果会明显降低,这些与实际生产情况都是相吻合的。     

EFFECT OF DEPOSITED PARTICLES AND PARTICLE CHARGE ON THE PENETRATION OF SMALL SAMPLING CYCLONES

Effects of particle mass deposited in the cyclone and particle electrostatic charge on the particle penetration of the commonly used 10 mm nylon cyclone have been experimentally investigated in this study. The solid particle penetration of the cyclone has been found to decrease with an increase in particle mass deposited in the cyclone. This effect is most significant for particles near the cutoff aerodynamic diameter and when the deposited particle mass is low. The penetration of the cyclone has also been found to be influenced by particle electrostatic charge. This effect is also significant for particles near the cutoff aerodynamic diameter and when the number of elementary units of charge is greater than several thousands. To overcome these problems, a new cyclone made of conductive aluminum and with inner diameter nearly twice that of the 10 mm nylon cyclone has been designed and tested. Experimental results indicate that effects of both deposited particle mass as well as electrostatic charge on the penetration are reduced substantially in this cyclone.     

3-D computational fluid dynamics for gas and gas-particle flows in a cyclone with different inlet section angles

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Reynolds stress model (RSM) was used to describe the gas and gas-solid flow in a cyclone with a scroll inlet duct at three different inlet section angles in relation to the cyclone body. The effects of the inlet section angles on the fluid dynamics inside the cyclone and on the performance parameters (collection efficiency and pressure drop) were analyzed by means of the finite volume method using a computational code and an industrial-sized cyclone for separation of gas-particle phases operated by Votorantim Cimentos Company. The numerical results show that the value for overall collection efficiency in this work increased to 77.2% for the 45° inlet section angle, while that for the normal inlet duct was 54.4% under the same operating conditions.     

液液旋流分离器的数值模拟研究进展

旋流分离器是近年来发展非常迅速的液液分离设备,其主要优点是高效、节能、占地面积少且成本低,工业应用广泛。数值模拟是液液旋流分离器研发与研究的重要手段。本工作系统地介绍了目前液液旋流分离器在数值模拟中的研究进展,详细地分析了数值模拟过程中旋流分离器模型的选择、几何结构和操作参数的改变对分离效率和流场的影响及最终的评价指标,并对几何结构和操作参数改变提出了见解,对液滴破碎和聚并、旋涡的数值模拟及开发新的公式评价分离效率进行了展望。     

The Effects of Vortex Finder Dimensions on the Natural Vortex Length in a New Cyclone Separator

The shape and structure of the vortex formed inside a cyclone separator are very important for the cyclone efficiency, because they mainly govern the separation process. There are many geometrical and operational parameters affecting the vortex. This paper presents experimental results on the effects of the vortex finder dimensions and the surface friction on the vortex length. The cyclone used in this investigation is cylindrical with no conical bottom. The cyclone pressure drop and the vortex length are recorded for each test performed using different flow rates. The results reveal that an increase of the cyclone height, i.e., of the frictional surface, leads to a decrease of the vortex length. It was also shown that the diameter and length of the vortex finder adversely affect the vortex length.     

旋风筒阻力特性机理

水泥窑尾预热器的旋风筒研究开发主要考虑提高气固分离效率和减小阻力,且后者更重要.通过采用计算流体动力学的方法模拟和计算了旋风筒的阻力特性,其结果与实际运行有很好的一致性.从旋风预热器的压损机理研究出发,把旋风筒的压损分为有效能和无效能,提出了旋风预热器的阻力特性计算方法,并在已投产的生产线上得到了验证.计算结果表明,与常规型旋风筒相比,大蜗壳型旋风筒的有效能高,其能量利用率高,具有节能和减小阻力的优点,应当在水泥熟料烧成系统中推广应用.     

电除尘器取代旋风除尘器的效益分析

简要地叙述了原煤及粉煤灰的特性, 介绍改造后的电除尘器的主要技术参数, 强调了在改造方案中采用钢性结构、宽间距、分小区供电等一系列措施。更新后的高压静电除尘器, 经市环保局监测验收, 除尘效率由７５．１ ％ 提高到９８．９３ ％ , 每年可减少向大气排放烟尘５．９６ ｋｔ、节约用电３５０ ＭＷ·ｈ 、可多发电７２０ ＭＷ·ｈ , 取得了较好的环境效益和经济效益。     

自然吸气式浮选旋流器结构理论分析及实验研究

提出了最新结构的自然吸气式浮选旋流器。分析了结构特点及浮选原理,利用流体力学理论对射流喷嘴作了理论分析,并确定了该喷嘴的最佳结构及主要参数,通过实验确定了入料压力是影响旋流器处理量及浮选效果的主要参数,即入料压力越高,旋流器的处理量就越大,入料压力对浮选效果的影响,其最佳压力大小需经实验加以确定。     

脉动进料气液旋流分离器分离性能分析

为提高钻井液振动筛的气、固、液分离能力,一种以振动筛形成的脉动真空与压缩空气注入相结合的固液分离钻井方法被提出,在此基础上出现了一种采用脉动进料边界的旋流器。为分析旋流器的气液分离性能,需要探究其脉动进料条件下的最佳气液分离效率及其影响参数。为此,采用Fluent对稳定、脉动进料状态下不同结构参数的旋流分离器进行流动模拟,通过UDF函数设置脉动进料边界,并分析效率曲线得到脉动进料状态下分离器的最优参数。结果表明,脉动进料状态下的流场可以较好地实现稳定;采用频率为0.4 Hz的正弦脉冲进料气液分离效率最高,可达85.5%;在脉动进料状态下,其脉动不连续性会导致流场湍动能变大,径向压力降梯度降低,切向速度峰值降低。     

Effect of the Solid Loading on a PFBC Cyclone with Pneumatic Extraction of Solids

This paper presents the effects of solid loading on the performance of a cyclone with pneumatic extraction of solids. The cyclone is a non‐conventional design, especially used for hot‐gas cleaning applications such as pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC). A scaled‐down cold‐flow model was employed for the research. Experiments were conducted at 9–14 m/s inlet gas velocities, inlet solid loadings ranging from 30 to 230 g/kg gas, and bottom gas extraction percentages from 0.3 to 1.5%. Experimental results of pressure drop resistance coefficients and collection efficiency were compared with literature predictions. At PFBC operating conditions, cyclone geometry and solid concentration are the main parameters influencing cyclone pressure drop and collection efficiency. The vortex penetration in dipleg causes lower pressure drop values and higher collection efficiencies than predicted. These parameters can be suitably predicted for PFBC cyclones by introducing a modified penetration length in Muschelknautz's model [1]. For the present cyclone design, a new correlation of pressure drop, including the influence of solid loading, is proposed. A new method for detecting cyclone fouling, not previously addressed, is also presented, based on the evolution of the pressure drop resistance coefficient. An enhanced separation efficiency has been found, related to collection efficiency, which is especially important for particle sizes below 10 μm revealing agglomeration effects.     

排尘锥开缝结构对导叶式旋风管内细颗粒分离性能的影响

在导叶式旋风管下端安装排尘锥,通过改变排尘锥的开缝结构来改变含尘气固两相流的流动状态,从而实现旋风管的减阻增效.通过对比分析排尘锥开缝结构的变化对旋风管的压降、分离效率及粒级效率的影响.得到排尘锥开缝有助于提高7μm以下细颗粒的分离效率.     

雾化器结构参数对循环流化床锅炉SNCR脱硝性能影响研究

还原剂雾化质量对循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器SNCR脱硝效率具有重要影响,为研究空气雾化喷嘴结构参数对雾化质量及脱硝效率的影响,采用数值模拟的方法对喷嘴的4个结构参数即撞击件长度、出口直径、混合室长度和气液入口交角,进行单因素分析和正交数值试验,结果表明影响旋风分离器烟气脱硝效率的主要因素是喷嘴出口直径,次要因素是撞击件长...     

双入口直切式旋风分离器流场内旋进涡核现象的研究

主要研究了双入口直切式旋风分离器流场中的一种涡核非稳态现象———旋进涡核。实验表明 ,旋进涡核存在于分离器排尘口下部及锥体中下部 ,在排尘口处涡核摆动最强烈 ,同时涡核的摆动在一定操作参数下具有一定的频率和幅值 ,因此势必会造成粉尘的夹带返混 ,致使分离器效率降低。与单入口旋风分离器相比 ,双入口直切式旋风分离器内旋进涡核频率降低 ,幅值减小 ,但范围不变。说明入口形式是否轴对称对旋进涡核的存在与否不起主要作用