硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石的制备及应用

采用离子交换法制备了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石,并用红外光谱分析对其进行了表征.通过HAAKE流变仪、颜色测定仪研究了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙锌热稳定剂并用时的热稳定性,重点考察了水滑石的结构对PVC稳定性能的影响.结果表明硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙皂/锌皂复配显著改善了PVC热老化过程中的初期着色性.     

硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石的制备及应用

采用离子交换法制备了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石,采用红外光谱分析对其结构进行了表征。通过HAAKE流变仪、颜色测定仪研究了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙锌热稳定剂并用时的热稳定性,重点考察了水滑石的结构对PVC稳定性能的影响。结果表明硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙皂/锌皂复配显著改善了PVC热老化过程中的初期着色性。     

硬脂酸柱撑镁铝镧类水滑石的制备及其在PVC中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了硬脂酸柱撑镁铝镧三元类水滑石,采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析、红外光谱(FT-IR)分析及热重分析(TGA)对其进行表征.利用刚果红法、转矩流变仪研究了其对PVC热稳定性能的影响及与其他热稳定助剂的协同效果,并通过紫外光谱初步分析了热稳定机理.结果表明,硬脂酸柱撑镁铝镧类水滑石的长期热稳定性较好,与季戊四醇存在明显的协同效应.当上述两者等质量比复配后可使PVC静态稳定时间达到73 min,动态热稳定时间达到2411 s,扭矩适中,能够提高PVC的热稳定性能和加工性能.     

十二烷基磺酸柱撑稀土类水滑石对PVC热稳定作用

采用共沉淀法制备了十二烷基磺酸柱撑镁铝镧类水滑石,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)进行表征。将其应用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)中,利用刚果红试纸法、转矩流变仪等探讨了其对PVC热稳定性的影响,并通过紫外光谱分析了热稳定机理。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸柱撑镁铝镧类水滑石(简称产品)对PVC长期热稳定性较好。紫外光谱(UV)分析表明产品在加热初期可抑制PVC降解中短链共轭多烯的增长。产品与硬脂酸锌、季戊四醇复合使用时能产生良好的协同效应,可有效提高PVC热稳定性。     

十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑类水滑石的热稳定性研究

采用焙烧复原法制备了一种新型PVC热稳定剂——十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑类水滑石，采用红外光谱分析、热重分析、X射线粉末衍射分析对其进行了表征，并测定了采用十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑类水滑石复配的复合热稳定剂RZL1的热稳定性能。结果表明：采用十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑类水滑石复配的RZL1初期热稳定性较好，与日本产的稀土复合稳定剂相当，长期热稳定性优于国产稀土复合稳定剂。     

钙-锌类复合热稳定剂对PVC热稳定性能的影响

通过PVC静态、动态热稳定性能和PVC降解碎片的红外、紫外光谱分析,探讨钙-锌剂、季戊四醇、水滑石、硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷对PVC的热稳定作用,为钙锌类复合稳定剂配方提供理论依据。硬脂酸钙与硬脂酸锌质量比为5:1时,即钙-锌剂1可以抑制PVC链HCl的脱除,减缓多烯链增长,对PVC具有较好的静态热稳定作用和初期着色性。钙-锌-水滑石复合稳定剂和钙-锌-季戊四醇-水滑石-硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷复合稳定剂,可以提高PVC的静态、动态热稳定性能,同时抑制PVC的初期着色。相对于钙-锌-季戊四醇-水滑石-硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷,钙-锌-水滑石复合稳定剂配方物料种类少。     

Mg(OH)_2对PVC加工流变性能和热稳定性能的影响

以钙-锌-水滑石复合热稳定剂或铅盐复合热稳定剂作为热稳定剂,加入丙烯酸酯共聚物(ACR)KM 310,ACR 401及聚乙烯(PE)蜡、硬脂酸等助剂,探讨阻燃助剂Mg(OH)2用量对PVC加工流变性能和热稳定性能的影响。固定热稳定剂及ACR KM 310,ACR 401,PE蜡和硬脂酸等助剂用量,随着Mg(OH)2用量的增加,PVC最小扭矩、最大扭矩及平衡扭矩增大,加工能耗增大,加工热稳定性能降低。当Mg(OH)2用量小于10份时,最大扭矩小于38.3 N·m,热稳定时间大于20 min;当Mg(OH)2用量大于20份时,最大扭矩大于40 N·m,热稳定时间小于14 min;以钙-锌-水滑石复合热稳定剂或铅盐复合热稳定剂作为热稳定助剂,Mg(OH)2用量不宜超过20份。     

硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石的制备及应用

采用离子交换法制备了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石，采用红外光谱分析对其进行了表征。通过HAAKE流变仪、颜色测定仪研究了硬脂酸柱撑类水滑石与钙锌热稳定剂并用时的热稳定性，重点考察了水滑石的结构对PVC稳定性能的影响。     

烷基化聚酯超分散剂改性水滑石的合成及其在PVC中的应用

用烷基化聚酯超分散剂改性水滑石,探讨了改性剂种类和用量、改性温度和改性时间对活化指数的影响,重点考察了改性水滑石与钙/锌热稳定剂并用时PVC体系的热稳定性能。结果表明:烷基化聚酯超分散剂干法改性水滑石比NDZ-201偶联剂湿法及干法改性水滑石更有效,其最佳用量为4份,最佳改性温度为110℃,最佳改性时间为90min。改性水滑石用量1～2份与钙/锌热稳定剂并用时能大幅度提高PVC体系的热稳定时间。     

马来酸单异辛酯钙/锌的制备及其在PVC中的应用

以异辛醇和马来酸酐为原料合成了马来酸单异辛酯,再与乙酸钙/锌进行反应制得马来酸单异辛酯钙/锌,通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,然后将其作为热稳定剂加入到PVC中,通过热烘箱老化法、刚果红法、电导率测试、热失重测试来考察马来酸单异辛酯钙/锌对PVC热稳定性的影响,通过制酸力测试进一步探索热稳定机理;并考察了钙铝水滑石(LDH)对钙/锌体系的协同作用。结果表明:当马来酸单异辛酯钙/锌复合热稳定剂中金属离子的质量分数分别为w(Ca~(2+))=3%和w(Zn~(2+))=2%时,该体系表现出最好的热稳定性,初期白度时间达50 min,静态热稳定时间为26 min。当加入0.08 g水滑石(LDH)时,热稳定性有明显的改善,静态热稳定时间为53.5 min。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。