聚苯乙烯/玻璃纤维复合粉末SLS烧结件收缩率实验研究

针对选择性激光烧结(SLS)制件尺寸精度差的问题,对聚苯乙烯/玻璃纤维复合粉末进行烧结实验研究。在激光功率25 W、扫描间距0.30 mm等工艺条件下,研究了预热温度、分层厚度和扫描速度对正八面体烧结件尺寸收缩率的影响。为了得到最优工艺参数,采用正交实验设计法对三种影响因素进行研究。结果表明,在同一工艺参数组合下,制件竖直方向的尺寸收缩率比水平方向的收缩率变化幅度大;最优的工艺参数为:预热温度85℃、扫描速度2 000 mm/s和分层厚度0.20 mm;最优工艺参数下制件水平方向修正系数为1.014 7,竖直方向的修正系数为1.024 1。经过修正的模型在最优工艺参数下烧结达到了PS/GF复合粉末烧结件的精度要求。     

激光选区烧结PS制件的精度研究

通过对聚苯乙烯粉末在全熔融状态下选区激光烧结,研究激光烧结工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距、铺粉厚度)和等能量密度对烧结件的成型精度的影响规律。结果表明,零件的尺寸误差随着激光功率的增加而增大,随着扫描速度、扫描间距、铺粉厚度的增加而减小;在等能量密度的状态下,零件的尺寸误差基本稳定。     

选区激光烧结PP试件成型性研究

利用HPRS-Ⅲ快速成型系统，对选区激光烧结聚丙烯粉末材料成型性进行了探索，研究了激光功率、扫描速度和铺粉厚度等工艺参数对聚丙烯试件成型精度的影响。实验结果表明，试件的翘曲量随激光功率减小而减小；铺粉厚度从0．15mm逐渐增大时，试件翘曲量随之增大；随着扫描速度的变化，试件翘曲量存在极小值。试件的尺寸误差随着激光功率增大、扫描速度降低或铺粉厚度减小而降低。在激光功率为12．5W，扫描速度为1．8m／s，铺粉厚度为0．15mm的工艺参数条件下，能够烧结改性聚丙烯材料成型，试件的翘曲量为0．22mm，长宽尺寸相对误差分别为2．53％和2．97％。     

选区激光烧结聚丙烯试件翘曲变形研究

选区激光烧结(SLS)是快速成形技术的重要分支,其原料选取范围广.结晶性聚合物在SLS成形过程中存在较大的收缩变形,工艺较难控制,但此类材料韧性和强度很好,因此其SLS制造有巨大的发展潜力.利用HRPS-ⅢA快速成形系统,进行选区激光烧结聚丙烯粉末材料的实验探索,研究了主要工艺参数对样件翘曲变形的影响.结果显示,样件的翘曲变形随激光功率加大而增大;铺粉厚度从0.15mm逐渐增大时,样件翘曲变形随之增大;随扫描速度的变化,样件翘曲量存在极小值.选取激光功率为12.5W,扫描速度为1800mm/s,铺粉厚度为0.15mm的工艺参数组合,成形聚丙烯样件的翘曲量为0.22mm.采用补偿系数方法制备的拉伸试样,其实际尺寸接近设计值.     

工艺参数对PS/CF混合粉末SLS烧结件尺寸精度的影响

以机械混合的方式制备了聚苯乙烯/碳纤维(PS/CF)混合粉末材料。在环境温度25℃、扫描间距0.30 mm和扫描方式XYSTA等条件下,采用选区激光烧结(SLS)工艺,通过单因素试验法分别研究了预热温度、激光功率、扫描速度及分层厚度对PS/CF混合粉末烧结件尺寸精度的影响及规律;根据综合平衡法原则通过正交试验和极差分析确定了烧结件尺寸精度的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,激光功率对PS/CF烧结件X向尺寸精度的影响最大,预热温度对其影响最小;扫描速度对Y向尺寸精度的影响最大,分层厚度对其影响最小;分层厚度对Z向尺寸精度的影响最大,预热温度对其影响最小。最佳工艺参数组合为:预热温度85℃,扫描速度1 800 mm/s,激光功率30 W,分层厚度0.22 mm,此时PS/CF烧结件与同种工艺参数下的纯PS烧结件相比,X向、Y向和Z向的尺寸精度分别提高18.44%,30%和40.84%。     

聚苯乙烯粉选择性激光烧结工艺参数优化

对聚苯乙烯(PS)粉在激光功率20 W、预热温度70℃、扫描间隔0.30 mm等工艺参数下,研究了扫描速度和层厚对烧结试样长度、宽度、高度相对误差及孔隙率等的影响,并在电镜下观察了烧结试样微观组织,对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:PS粉烧结时,在不同工艺参数下会分为熔融区和微熔区,熔融区和微熔区烧结件长和宽均由于收缩变形而小于理论值;在熔融区,随着扫描速度和层厚的增大,长、宽尺寸精度越来越高;在微熔区,长、宽尺寸精度变化不大,同时试样由过深烧结到烧结不足,高度值由大变小,试样孔隙率逐渐增大。扫描速度对孔隙率影响较大,分层厚度对孔隙率影响较小,确定层厚在0.20~0.22 mm、扫描速度在2 100 mm/s为最佳烧结工艺参数。     

信噪比与灰色关联分析选区激光烧结成型工艺的研究

针对选区激光烧结制件收缩率大,精度较低的问题,利用信噪比与灰色关联度相结合的选区激光烧结(SLS)工艺参数优化方法,提高尺寸精度。以制件X、Y、Z三个方向尺寸收缩率为目标函数,基于正交试验结果,采用信噪比和灰色关联分析的方法,得到工艺参数对目标函数的影响程度,同时将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,获得最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数组合为,激光功率为25 W,扫描速度为2200 mm/s,单层厚度为0.19 mm,扫描间距为0.31 mm。此时X/Y/Z向尺寸精度为:0.803%、0.817%、1.305%。将信噪比与灰色关联度相结合的优化方法应用到SLS工艺中,能够有效提高制件精度。     

尼龙6的选择性激光烧结成型工艺实验研究

使用尼龙6(PA6)粉末材料进行选择性激光烧结(SLS)成型实验,以成型件的成型精度和表面粗糙度作为衡量指标,通过控制变量法、正交试验以及极差分析研究了预热温度、激光功率和扫描速度对其成型质量的影响。结果表明,PA6粉末材料SLS成型件的X向和Y向尺寸精度以及侧面表面粗糙度并不会明显受到相关工艺参数的影响,其均存在于-1.26%^-0.99%和-1.96%^-1.29%以及16.91~19.87μm范围内;以成型件的成型精度和上表面粗糙度作为衡量指标,PA6粉末材料SLS成型的最优工艺参数组合为:预热温度115℃,激光功率35 W和扫描速度1800 mm/s;在最优条件下进行烧结验证实验,得出成型件的X向、Y向和Z向的成型尺寸精度分别为-1.13%、-1.48%和0.75%;上表面及侧面的粗糙度分别为14.6和18.55μm。     

PS/ABS复合粉末选择性激光烧结工艺参数的实验研究

针对选择性激光烧结件力学性能和尺寸精度差的问题,通过机械混合法制备了聚苯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(PS/ABS)的复合粉末。在预热温度85℃、8层网格支撑等条件下,采用单因素实验法研究激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距和单层厚度对烧结件强度和相对误差的变化规律,并用正交试验对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,烧结件的弯曲强度随着激光功率的增加而提高,随扫描速度、扫描间距和单层厚度的增加而降低。Z向尺寸相对误差随着激光功率的增加而增大,随着扫描速度、扫描间距和单层厚度的增加而减小;由极差分析可知,激光功率对PS/ABS烧结件弯曲强度和Z向尺寸相对误差的影响最大;最优的工艺参数组合为:激光功率30 W、扫描速度1 200 mm/s、扫描间距0.32 mm和单层厚度0.26 mm,此时烧结件的弯曲强度为7.85 MPa,Z向尺寸相对误差为1.30%。     

选择性激光烧结聚苯乙烯/玻璃纤维制件的工艺研究

将聚苯乙烯(PS)粉与玻璃纤维(GF)粉通过机械混合制备复合粉料,利用选择性激光烧结技术制备了PS/GF烧结制件,在激光功率25 W、预热温度75℃下研究了扫描速度、单层厚度和扫描间距对PS/GF制件弯曲强度和Z向尺寸的影响,并对工艺参数进行了正交优化。结果表明,在实验取值范围内,随上述3种工艺参数值的增大,制件弯曲强度呈降低趋势,而Z向尺寸相对误差由正值逐渐向负值发展。正交试验结果表明,扫描速度对制件的弯曲强度和尺寸精度影响最大,扫描间距影响次之,单层厚度影响最小;确定了扫描速度1 200 mm/s、单层厚度0.25 mm、扫描间距0.28 mm为最佳工艺参数,此时制件弯曲强度为10.41 MPa,Z向尺寸相对误差为2.35%,基本满足制件的应用要求。     

树脂基复合成型材料的选择性激光烧结

介绍选择性激光烧结及烧结技术的基本原理,探讨了树脂基复合成型材料选择性激光烧结工艺及参数。     

叠层模板电沉积直接制造金属零件的研究

如何从现有的快速成型(RP)工艺直接得到金属零件以及如何开发新的适合于金属直接成型的工艺是当前RP研究的一个热点问题.本文提出了一种基于离散/堆积快速成型原理和金属电沉积原理的新的金属零件直接成型工艺--叠层模板电沉积直接制造金属零件.具体介绍其成型设备的结构及工艺原理,并结合加工实例(铜的电沉积)对加工过程中影响成型质量、效率的主要因素进行了分析,提出了解决方案.     

快速原型制造技术及其在塑料加工中的应用

本文简要介绍了快速原型制造技术(RP)的特点,对这一技术在塑料加工领域的应用前景进行了分析与展望     

Novel acrylic nanocomposites containing in-situ formed calcium phosphate/layered silicate hybrid nanoparticles for photochemical rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and rapid manufacturing processes

Novel acrylic nanocomposites containing calcium phosphate/layered silicate hybrid nanoparticles have been developed for use in photochemical Rapid Prototyping processes like Structural Light Modulation (SLM) and Stereolithography (SL). When tertiary alkyl amines, protonated with phosphoric acid, were added to an acrylic suspension of calcium bentonite, the cation exchange of Ca²⁺ rendered bentonite organophilic, caused swelling, intercalation and dispersion of silicate nanoplatelets in the monomer. The simultaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate onto the silicate nanoplatelets accounted for the in-situ formation of hybrid nanoparticles. The uniform dispersions of such hybrid nanoparticles afforded a high degree of shear thinning, reflecting the presence of anisotropic filler particles, and increased photosensitivity in SLM with respect to the unfilled resin. Young’s modulus of green and postcured parts increased by 30% at a filler content of 15 wt.% with respect to that of the unfilled benchmark material. This enhanced stiffness was paralleled by 30% increased fracture toughness. As evidenced by fracture surface analysis using Environmental Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and optical microscopy, the improved energy dissipation at the crack tip correlated with roughness of the fracture surfaces, increasing with increasing filler content. Moreover, the examination of the volumetric polymerization shrinkage and the fabrication of H-shaped diagnostic specimens revealed that the nanocomposites were processed with high accuracy, increasing with increasing filler content. Nanocomposite morphologies, examined by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), demonstrated that the large primary bentonite particles with average diameters >10 μm fragmented into much smaller particles with average diameters in the range of 1 μm. According to TEM and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS), such in-situ formed nanoparticles were composed of both stacks of organoclay nanoplatelets and also isolated nanoplatelets typical for fully exfoliated organoclays.     

Infiltration as post-processing of laser sintered metal parts

Laser sintering of metal parts is an additive production method applied in the field of rapid prototyping and rapid tooling. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a variant of the laser sintering processes. Metal powder is locally molten in this process and parts are built from layers. A fast laser sintering process, which is economically favourable, results in porous metal parts. For a technical application as e.g. the production of injection moulds for plastic parts, the surface has to be dense at a defined quality. A post-processing via infiltration is a possible solution for creating such surfaces. This paper describes the results of a study of the infiltration process: A model for describing the infiltration behaviour has been developed and validated through experiments.     

Photopolymerization of powder suspensions for shaping ceramics

The photopolymerization of suspensions of ceramic powders in monomer solutions is the fundamental step for forming techniques where a liquid suspension is solidified with UV light. The photopolymerization behavior is determined by the properties of the monomer and photoinitiator and by the transport of photons in the suspension. Photon transport in suspensions involves scattering from the particle and absorption by photoinitiators and inert dyes. The photopolymerization behavior is related to the formulation of the suspensions. Proper formulations are discussed for several applications. Techniques for characterization include cure depth measurements, photocalorimetry, and photorheology.     

Numerical Molding Simulation for Rapid-Prototyped Injection Molds

Abstract:

Injection molding is a very mature technology, but the growth of layer-build, additive, manufacturing technologies (rapid prototyping, RP) has the potential of expanding injection molding into areas not commercially feasible with traditional molds and molding techniques. This integration of injection molding with rapid prototyping has undergone many demonstrations of potential. What is missing is the fundamental understanding of how the modifications to the mold material and RP manufacturing process impact both the mold design and the injection molding process. In addition, numerical simulation techniques have now become helpful tools of mold designers and process engineers for traditional injection molding. But all current simulation packages for conventional injection molding are no longer applicable to this new type of injection molds, mainly because the property of the mold material changes greatly. In this paper, an approach to accomplish numerical simulation of injection molding into rapid-prototyped molds is established and a corresponding simulation system is developed. For verification, an experiment is also been carried out with an RP fabricated SL mold. Stereolithography (SL) is an original and typical rapid-prototyping method, which is chosen as the study object in the paper.     

国外带导线成型电刷的发展概况

叙述了带导线成型电刷的历史及其优异特性,重点介绍了英、德、意大利、美、法、俄有关企业生产带导线成型电刷简况,生产工艺的一些参数及采用的设备。     

快速成型技术在塑料模具制造中的应用

介绍了基于快速成型技术的塑料模具的制造,并提出了一些需要解决的问题。     

光造型工艺对制件形变影响的应力-应变分析

研究了光造型工艺制作零件过程中存在的变形问题，推导出单片固化层及整体零件的应力-应变关系式，并根据该应力-应变关系式提出采用对称正交扫描方式以及增加层数的措施可以消除拉弯耦合效应、拉剪耦合效应及弯扭耦合效应，能最大限度地减小零件变形.