国外有关塑料助剂研究的期刊文摘

<正>壳聚糖齐聚物处理方法对PET薄膜和织物的表面改性(Fibers and Polymers,2014,15(12):2489)本项研究对聚对苯二甲酸二乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜进行表面苛性钠溶液处理获得水解后含有羧基功能基团的表面,之后将该薄膜浸入含有作为交联剂存在的壳聚糖齐聚物溶液中,在催化剂作用下进行表面改性获得功能化的表面特性,如亲水性和抗静电性。壳聚糖齐聚物来自于壳聚糖在硝酸钠作用下的降解。经过该表面改性处理后,壳聚糖分子通过PET薄膜表面的羧基与壳聚糖分子中的氨基之间的反应被固定在PET薄膜表面。表面反     

低温等离子体引发丙烯酸在PET纳米纤维膜上的接枝聚合

介绍了低温等离子体引发丙烯酸（AA）表面接枝聚合对聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纳米纤维薄膜的改性研究。实验探索了放电时间和放电功率对薄膜润湿性的影响,在真空度60 Pa、AA气体流量3 L/min条件下,放电功率75～150 W范围内,放电时间60 s和放电功率150 W、放电时间30~60 s范围内,处理后薄膜的水接触角均为0°,结果说明了此改性PET纳米纤维膜具有超亲水性。通过扫描电镜、红外和力学性能等测试讨论了接枝处理前后薄膜的形态及性能的变化。实验结果表明气相低温等离子体接枝处理后,薄膜的断裂伸长率和断裂强度有一定的增强。低温等离子体引发AA表面接枝PET纳米纤维薄膜的方法有望成为电纺PET纤维膜表面改性的有效手段,具有积极的应用价值。     

PET薄膜表面性能及其与紫外光固化涂层粘接性能相关性研究

通过粘结性能实验研究了表面处理方法对PET薄膜/紫外光固化涂层体系粘接性能的影响,结果表明:表面处理提高了PET薄膜/涂层体系粘接强度。研究了PET表面处理对PET表面性能如表面形貌、光泽度(粗糙度)、表面张力、表面官能团含量的影响,结果表明:PET薄膜经电晕处理后,其表面粗糙度有增大的倾向,而涂层处理对PET薄膜表面粗糙度无影响;经电晕处理和底涂处理后,PET薄膜表面张力均有增加,底涂处理提高PET薄膜表面张力的幅度更大。研究了PET薄膜表面性能与剪切强度的关系,发现PET薄膜/涂层粘接体系剪切强度τ与PET薄膜表面张力γ具有线性关系。     

超疏水聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的制备及应用进展

随着聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)产品向多样化、高性能方向发展,PET的超疏水改性成为了研究热点。本文综述了近年来超疏水PET的制备方法,对比了共聚合、等离子体表面处理、溶胶凝胶、刻蚀、纳米粒子负载等方法生产PET超疏水改性的特点。总结了超疏水PET薄膜,纤维在各领域的应用前景,展望了该领域的发展方向。     

PET表面改性研究进展

综述了国内外聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的表面改性研究进展.PET表面改性方法主要有:化学接枝改性、紫外光辐照接枝改性、高能射线辐照接枝改性、等离子体处理接枝改性以及臭氧氧化改性等;通过PET表面改性,可以改善PET的亲水性、抗静电性、粘附性和生物相容性等性能;介绍了改性PET在相关领域中的应用;指出PET的表面改性...     

聚酯薄膜光化学接枝共聚改性的研究

研究了光化学引发聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯( PET)薄膜与丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚的改性方法,探讨了预辐照时间及表面结晶结构对接枝率的影响.傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱及接触角测试结果表明,接枝后PET表面粗糙度及亲水性都有较大改善.实验证明,氮气保护下对PET进行预辐照处理,增加了表面无定形区含量,...     

低温氧等离子体对PET薄膜的表面改性研究

采用氧气低温等离子体,在工作压力为20 Pa,功率为60 W的条件下对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜进行了表面改性,借助接触角、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描探针显微镜、差示扫描量热仪对薄膜改性前后的性能进行了分析和表征。结果表明,处理后的薄膜表面引入了C—N、N—C=O、C=O等新的极性官能团,接触角显著减小;薄膜表面出现了圆锥状或圆球状的突起,粗糙度增加;薄膜的热性能(主要是结晶度)发生了改变。     

聚乙二醇改性PET薄膜化学镀铜

研究了聚乙二醇改性对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜化学镀铜的影响。主要工序为:依次用1#、3#、5#金相砂纸打磨PET薄膜,在紫外光下用聚乙二醇改性接枝,以及化学镀铜。镀液的组成与工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 16g/L,Na2EDTA 14g/L,NaKC4H4O6·2H2O 19.5g/L,NaOH 14.5g/L,HCHO 15mL/L,温度40℃,时间30min。红外光谱图表明PEG-6000被成功接枝在PET薄膜表面。分别采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜分析了化学镀铜后PET薄膜的结构和表面形貌,并测试了PET薄膜的结合力、厚度、导电性等性能。结果表明,PET表面的化学镀铜层纯度高;与未改性PET基铜镀层相比,改性的PET基铜镀层结晶更细致、光亮;镀铜层的厚度、电导率、背光等级及其与PET薄膜之间的结合力分别为1.21μm、1.9×105S/cm、10级、16.1N/cm,可用以生产挠性电路板(FCB)。     

H_2SO_4表面改性PET性能研究

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)作为合成纤维主要原材料,其具有优异的力学性能以及耐化学腐蚀性。但PET作为纺织纤维使用,其亲水性以及透气性较差。所以本文采用 H_2SO_4对PET表面进行了改性研究。实验中采用DSC对表面改性后的PET观察其特征温度;采用FT-IR对改性后PET基团进行了表征;最后,对其力学性能以及吸水率进行了测定。实验结果表明,PET表面未改性时拉伸强度为286.70 MPa,PET经80% H_2SO_4在30 ℃浸泡30 min后拉伸强度降至176.16 MPa;PET表面未改性时吸水率为0.01%,PET经80%硫酸在60 ℃下浸泡180 min后吸水率增至1.03%;经硫酸处理后的PET薄膜升高,PET表面未改性时时熔融温度(T_m)为254.37 ℃,经80%硫酸在60 ℃下浸泡180 min后升至256.3 ℃。     

RF-Ar等离子体处理PET薄膜的亲水性及表面结构

在工作压力为20Pa,功率为60W的条件下,采用RF-Ar等离子体对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜进行了不同时间的表面改性。采用静态接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜对薄膜改性前后的亲水性和表面结构进行了分析。结果表明,在0～120s的处理时间内,随着处理时间的增加,接触角呈现逐渐减小的趋势;而处理时间为120～300s时,随着处理时间的增加,接触角的变化并不明显,其值在22°～23.5°之间;处理后的薄膜表面引入了C—N、N—C=O、C=O、C—O等极性官能团;薄膜表面出现了圆锥状或圆球状的突起,粗糙度发生了变化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.