基于不同优化算法的 HT250 基体再制造工艺参数优化

目的探讨不同优化算法下HT250基体再制造工艺参数的优化效果。方法利用Taguchi试验设计方法设计4因子3水平共18组试验,通过亚激光瞬间熔技术修复HT250基体的表面缺陷,利用响应曲面法(RSM)和BP神经网络-模拟退火算法(BPNN/SAA)对其修复过程的工艺参数进行优化,分析输入功率P,单次修复时间t,速度v和保护气体流量G等4个因素对修复后试样抗拉强度的影响,并对不同优化算法的优化效果、准确性和稳定性进行探讨。结果 HT250基体修复过程中最优工艺参数为:输入功率2960 W,持续时间0.62 s,速度6 mm/s,气体流量3 L/min。在此参数下所获取的修复试样最大抗拉强度为230.52 MPa。结论抗拉强度受输入功率P和单次修复时间t影响显著,对其他元素呈弱依赖性。BP神经网络-模拟退火算法较响应曲面法更适合对亚激光瞬间熔的工艺参数进行优化。     

开放环境下钛合金激光熔覆的表面色差模型研究

目的 选择合适的工艺参数范围,在开放环境下获得性能良好的钛合金激光熔覆层。方法 以氧含量衡量熔覆层的氧化程度,研究不同表面色差值下的氧含量的变化规律。以激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率和气体流量为控制变量,利用分光测色仪检测熔覆层表面色差并以之来量化熔覆层表面颜色,以表面色差作为响应指标,基于响应面法建立熔覆层表面色差与熔覆工艺参数之间的数学模型。结果 随着色差值的增加,熔覆层中的氧含量增加。激光功率对色差的影响要大于扫描速度,激光功率越大,色差值越大;低激光功率和高送粉速率可获得较小的色差值;扫描速度和送粉速率的交互作用对色差的影响较小;气体流量的变化对色差的影响较为显著,为了获得较小的色差,可增大气体流量。根据表面色差模型,当激光功率为950～1 090 W,扫描速度为5～7 mm/s,送粉速率为1.15～1.65 g/min,气体流量为24～32 L/min进行工艺参数组合时,可获得满足熔覆条件的表面色差值。结论 可用色差来表征熔覆层表面颜色,极限表面色差值为5.09,并得到了合适的激光熔覆工艺窗口。通过试验验证了模型所得预测值与实测值相吻合,证明了本文研究方法的有效性。     

Al-5Mg-0.3Sc激光焊接技术

针对铝合金材料传统焊接工艺的缺点,提出了铝合金材料的激光焊接修复工艺.通过对Al-Mg-0.3Sc激光对焊焊缝的金相组织分析、抗拉强度和显微硬度测试,研究了如何有效控制CO2连续激光器的工艺参数,提高焊缝的质量.结果表明,在优化激光功率、激光扫描速度、保护气体流量等焊接工艺参数的前提下,由于稀土元素Sc的作用,焊缝中心的晶粒仅为基体的1/10,抗拉强度达到了基体的88%,显微硬度达到了基体的95%,焊缝无气孔和裂纹缺陷.     

金属构件激光熔覆强化的研究

以45钢作为基体材料,对激光熔覆工艺参数中的激光熔覆功率、扫描速度对熔覆层质量的影响进行了探讨,并得出最佳的激光熔覆工艺参数。对试件进行了激光熔覆修复实验,修复后试件的表面硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀等性能得到明显提高。     

镁合金激光-氩弧复合焊再制造熔覆成形工艺优化

目的针对镁合金零部件表面损伤和体积损伤的修复问题,采用激光-氩弧复合焊修复技术,通过对工艺参数的优化,制备出组织性能良好、缺陷少的熔覆层,形成相适应的优化修复方案,为镁合金高效修复提供技术支撑。方法采用激光-氩弧复合焊技术在ZM5合金上制备熔覆层,调整送丝速度、焊接电流、焊接速度、激光功率四种工艺参数,研究工艺参数对熔覆层成形性和尺寸的影响。结果送丝速度越小,熔覆层越光滑,呈现为扁平状,且熔宽、熔深较大。当焊接电流大于105A时,激光-氩弧复合焊的强度和焊接效果最好。焊接速度对熔覆层尺寸的影响很大,随焊接速度的增加,熔覆层向细、窄、小发展。当激光功率增加到400 W时,复合焊热输入提高,熔覆层铺展性增强。结论综合熔深、熔宽、余高的离差量,为得到成形性良好、尺寸较大的熔覆层,焊接速度应为5 mm/s,送丝速度应为23 mm/s,激光功率应在400~500 W之间,焊接电流应为120~140 A。     

面向薄壁件的激光熔覆修复工艺参数优化研究

目的减少薄壁零件激光熔覆修复时基板的变形量,提高成形质量。方法在前期单道单因素试验的基础上,通过三因素三水平正交试验在2mm厚的45钢上熔覆Fel合金粉末,分析了激光功率、扫描速度和送粉率对薄板变形行为的影响,并根据因素效应图分析基体变形量随各因素水平的变化,找出出现这种变化的原因。通过正交试验的极差分析提出了基体变形的公式,根据公式确定各因素对基体变形影响的主次关系,并根据变形结果,最终找到使基板变形最小的最优工艺参数。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度计,研究最优工艺参数下熔覆层的显微组织和硬度,并对在最优工艺参数下熔覆的试件进行成形质量评价。结果影响基板变形的因素主次顺序依次为:激光功率、扫描速度和送粉率。基板变形量最小且冶金结合良好的最佳工艺参数为:激光功率600 W,扫描速度12 mm/s,送粉率1.2 r/min。此工艺下所得熔覆层的最高硬度达到348HV,约是基体硬度的1.6倍。结论该工艺参数可以有效减少基体的变形且激光熔覆成形质量良好,基体表面得到显著强化。     

30CrMnSi镀镍后激光表面合金化

为研究不同激光工艺参数对合金化层组织和硬度的影响,对镀镍后的30CrMnSi钢表面进行单道扫描,获得了金相组织和显微硬度较基体理想的合金化层.研究结果表明:激光合金化层晶粒显著细化,平均硬度明显高于基体硬度.影响激光合金化效果的主要因素是激光功率和扫描速度.本试验条件下的最优工艺参数为:激光功率600W,扫描速度5mm/s,保护气体流量20L/min.此时,合金化层金相组织细小均匀致密,平均硬度达590HV,约是基体硬度的2.6倍.     

侧向送丝不锈钢光纤激光熔覆技术研究

采用由IPG光纤激光、KUKA机器人和HIGHYAG激光头组成的激光熔覆系统,研究在316L不锈钢基体上激光熔覆308L焊丝工艺。探究激光功率、送丝速度及扫描速度等工艺参数对熔覆质量的影响,确定相对占优的熔覆工艺。进而制备检测样品,观测熔覆层的微观组织、显微硬度和拉伸性能。正交工艺研究表明:采用目前的光纤激光熔覆系统确定的相对占优工艺为激光功率3 kW,扫描速度4 mm/s,送丝速度40 mm/s,成形效果最好;采用优化的工艺,在搭接率为50%时,可以制备出表面波纹均匀,平整精度高的熔覆层。     

38CrMoAl钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金工艺研究

利用正交试验法对38CrMoA1钢表面激光熔覆Ni60合金时激光功率、扫描速度和离焦量等工艺参数进行优化,得到熔覆层硬度和耐磨性能较为优良的参数组合,并研究了激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层性能的影响.结果表明,选择激光功率2.0 kW,离焦量40 mm,扫描速度6 mm/s作为35CrMoA1钢表面激光熔覆Ni60合金时的工艺参数,熔覆层硬度可以达到880.5 HV,相对耐磨性为2.26.     

铝/钢异种金属电弧辅助激光熔钎焊工艺

进行了铝/钢异种金属的电弧辅助激光熔钎焊试验,分析了激光功率、电弧电流、焊接速度、热源中心间距对金属间化合物层厚度和接头抗拉强度的影响,优化了焊接工艺参数。结果表明:在其他焊接参数不变的情况下,随着激光功率、电弧电流的增大,焊接速度、热源中心间距的减小,金属间化合物层厚度随之增加。电弧辅助激光熔钎焊的优化工艺参数为激光功率1.2 k W、电弧电流15 A、焊接速度10 mm/s,热源中心间距15 mm。在该焊接参数下,可以获得性能良好的焊接接头,其抗拉强度达到163 MPa,金属间化合物厚度小于10μm。     

基于试验设计与统计分析的双相钢激光焊工艺优化

为了优化激光焊接接头力学性能,利用试验设计方法对厚度为1.7 mm的DP600双相钢进行对接焊接试验,采用回归分析得到了激光焊接功率、焊接速度、离焦量、侧吹保护气体流量与接头抗拉强度之间的数学模型. 分析了焊接速度与侧吹气流量对焊缝抗拉强度的交互影响作用. 通过遗传算法优化该模型并得到了最优的焊接工艺参数组合,当焊接功率为1.7 kW,焊接速度为25 mm/s,侧吹气流量为2.4 m3/h,离焦量为-1 mm时焊缝的抗拉强度最大. 验证试验所测的焊缝抗拉强度值与模型预测值的相对误差在5%以内. 结果表明,文中研究可以有效的预测与优化厚度为1.7 mm的双相钢激光焊接质量.     

Nd:YAG laser weldability and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy butt joints

Laser welding process using a Nd:YAG laser of maximum power of 2 kW was investigated and reported. Magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets with thickness of 3.3 mm have been butt welded with Helium and Argon used as shielding gases. The effect of processing parameters including laser power, welding speed, focal point position, nozzle configuration and protection gas flow was researched. Microstructure and mechanical properties of butt joints welded without filler were studied using optical microscopy, morphological analysis and mechanical tests (tensile, hardness). The first phase of experimental tests consisted in penetration tests (bead on plate) with the aim of identify the range of input parameters. In the second phase butt welding tests were performed in order to determine the optimal conditions. Tensile tests were realized using extensometers and an optical system based on digital image correlation techniques for acquisition and analysis of local deformation. Static tensile tests revealed an increase in the yield strength of all welded specimen in relation to the not welded material. Morphological analysis and mechanical characterization showed a threshold of heat input value below which, even when there is sufficient irradiance, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation to fracture of the joint decade heavily. The local strain analysis revealed that the fracture occurs due to localization of deformation on weld bead as a result of defects on the surface of the bead. Metallographic analysis of cross-sections did not show defects like porosity, inclusions and cracks, within the weld bead.     

INVESTIGATION OF LASER BEAM WELDING PROCESS OF AZ61 MAGNESIUM-BASED ALLOY

Laser welling process of AZ61 magnesium alloys is investigated using a special CO2 laser experimental system. The effect of processing parameters including laser power, welling speed, and protection gas flow at the top and bottom is researched. The results show that an ideal well bead can be formed by choosing the processing parameters properly. An optimized parameter range is obtained by a large number of experiments. Among them, laser power and welling speed are the two main parameters that determine the well width and dimensions. The protect gas flow rate has a slight effect on the well width, but it directly effects the surface color of the well. The test results for typical welds indicate that the microhardness and tensile strength of the well zone are better than that of the base metal A fine-grained well region has been observed and no obvious heat-affected zone is found. The well zone mainly consists of small α-Mg phase, （α ＋ Al12Mg17）, and other eutectic phases. The small grains and the eutectic phases in the joint are believed to play an important role in the increase of the strength of wells for AZ61 magnesium alloys.     

Multiobjective Optimization of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Process Parameters to Deposit Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Using Response Surface Methodology

Atmospheric plasma spraying is used extensively to make Thermal Barrier Coatings of 7-8% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders. The main problem faced in the manufacture of yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings by the atmospheric plasma spraying process is the selection of the optimum combination of input variables for achieving the required qualities of coating. This problem can be solved by the development of empirical relationships between the process parameters (input power, primary gas flow rate, stand-off distance, powder feed rate, and carrier gas flow rate) and the coating quality characteristics (deposition efficiency, tensile bond strength, lap shear bond strength, porosity, and hardness) through effective and strategic planning and the execution of experiments by response surface methodology. This article highlights the use of response surface methodology by designing a five-factor five-level central composite rotatable design matrix with full replication for planning, conduction, execution, and development of empirical relationships. Further, response surface methodology was used for the selection of optimum process parameters to achieve desired quality of yttria-stabilized zirconia coating deposits.     

激光-TIG复合热源焊接参数对镁/钢异种材料焊接接头的影响

采用激光-TIG复合热源的焊接方法对镁和钢异种材料进行焊接,探讨了焊接工艺参数包括激光功率、激光离焦量、焊接速度以及TIG焊接电流对焊缝抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,在焊接过程中,随着激光功率的增大、焊接速度的减小,焊缝抗拉强度随之增大;随着激光离焦量的增加,焊缝抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的特点;而TIG电流的变化对焊缝抗拉强度影响不大.试验证明,在合适的工艺参数下,能够得到成形良好、力学性能优良的镁/钢异种材料的焊接接头,并且在焊接过程中,激光对镁和钢的连接起主要作用.     

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium alloys was carried out using a CO2 laser welding experimental system. The welding properties of AZ61 sheets with different thickness were investigated. The effect of processing parameters including laser power, welding speed and protection gas flow was researched. The results show that laser power and welding speed have large effect on the weld width and joint dimensions. Protection gas flow has relatively slight effect on the weld width. The property test of three typical joints indicates that microhardness and tensile strength in weld zone are higher than that of AZ61 base metal, Joints with good appearance and excellent mechanical properties can be produced using CO2 laser welding method. The microstructure with small grains in weld zone is believed to be respoasible for the excellent mechanical properties of AZ61 joints.     

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys

0IntroductionMagnesium alloys containing small amounts of alloyedelements such as aluminum, manganese, zinc, zirconium,etc., have strength equaling that of mild steels. They dis-play high strength to weight ratio making them materials ofchoice whenever weight reduction is important or when it isimperative to reduce inertial forces (for rapidly moving ma-chine parts). Magnesiumalloys also have good castability,excellent recyclability and price competitiveness. Thereforethey are more and more wi…     

基于田口法的镁合金激光焊接工艺参数研究

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光焊接机对镁合金进行对缝焊接工艺试验.以缝焊的最大抗拉强度作为评价焊接质量的品质特性,对影响焊接质量的六项关键工艺参数(保护气体、激光功率、工件移动速度、离焦量、脉冲频率和脉冲波形)利用田口法进行优化设计.依据田口法设计了18种工艺参数组合,每组工艺参数进行3次焊接试验.试验结果表明,激光功率和脉冲波形影响最为显著.通过优化工艺参数可使AZ31B镁合金焊缝获得169 N/mm2的最大抗拉强度.     

工艺参数对激光选区熔化成形纯镍表面质量及致密化行为的影响（英文）

研究激光功率和扫描速度对激光选区熔化(SLM)成形纯镍的熔覆道特征、致密化行为和表面粗糙度的影响规律。结果表明,在一定范围内提升激光功率并降低扫描速度,可成形出连续、规则、光滑的熔覆道,这有助于抑制SLM成形过程中孔隙、球化等缺陷的形成。当扫描速度为900 mm/s、激光功率为255～275 W时可获得最佳成形工艺窗口,此时,试样相对密度为99.16%,抗拉强度为(360±2.747) MPa,上表面和侧表面的粗糙度分别为(2.88±2.23)μm和(14.98±0.69)μm。