Fault Tolerant Attitude Synchronization Control during Formation Flying

It is necessary for precise satellite formations to keep each satellite in accurate relative attitude synchronization and to maintain relative angular velocity synchronization. An adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control is proposed for a formation flying tracking system which includes acquisition, tracking, and pointing. The relative attitude of the leader and follower spacecraft under gravity gradient torque and external periodic disturbances is controlled by four reaction wheels. First, a terminal sliding mode controller is used to obtain stable and fast tracking. Then, the adaptive fuzzy logic system is used to approximate and learn the system uncertainty with the online fault and time-varied external disturbances. The system is proved to be stable, and the parameters are proved to be bounded under the control scheme, using a Lyapunov methodology. Finally, simulation results (under actuator faults like wheel failure and wheel degradation) show that the proposed control method has the advantages of high tracking accuracy, low computation load, robustness, and ease of engineering application.     

集总干扰下六旋翼飞行器的轨迹跟踪控制

针对复杂集总干扰下六旋翼飞行器轨迹跟踪控制问题,给出了混合积分反步法控制与线性自抗扰控制的控制算法. 首先,通过牛顿-欧拉方程建立六旋翼飞行器的非线性动力学模型,并剖析系统输入输出的数学关系. 其次,根据六旋翼飞行器动力学模型的特点,将其分为位置与姿态两个控制环. 位置环采用积分反步法控制理论设计控制器,通过引入积分项来提高系统的抗干扰能力,消除轨迹跟踪的静态误差;姿态环采用线性自抗扰控制技术设计控制器,通过线性扩张观测器估计和补偿集总干扰影响,提高系统的鲁棒性. 最后,通过2组仿真算例和1组飞行试验验证了本文所提飞行控制算法的有效性. 研究结果表明:该控制算法对集总干扰有较好的抑制作用,能够使六旋翼飞行器既快又稳地跟踪上参考轨迹,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

具有状态约束与输入饱和的全向移动机器人自适应跟踪控制

研究了全状态约束与输入饱和情况下的全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题.首先,针对一类三轮驱动的全向移动机器人,考虑系统存在模型参数不确定与外部扰动,建立了运动学与动力学模型;其次,利用障碍Lyapunov函数,结合反步设计方法,有效处理全向移动机器人跟踪过程中存在的状态约束,保证所有状态变量不会超出状态约束的限制区域;然后,针对系统参数不确定和未知有界扰动,设计相应的自适应律进行处理;同时,提出一种抗饱和补偿器保证机器人输入力矩满足饱和约束;并且利用Lyapunov理论分析证明了当选取合适的控制参数时闭环系统中的所有信号均能保证一致有界;最后,通过与未考虑状态约束和输入饱和的控制器以及经典比例-微分控制器进行仿真对比,验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.      

Autonomous Hovering of an Experimental Unmanned Helicopter System with Proportional-Integral Sliding Mode Control

This paper presents a method of approaching the attitude control of an autonomously hovering unmanned helicopter system. The proportional-integral sliding mode controller (PISMC) features a combination of the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and the integral sliding mode control (ISMC). By applying the PISMC algorithm, the controller is capable of providing stable roll and pitch control of the main rotor simultaneously. To show how PISMC may improve system performance, this paper develops an experimental unmanned helicopter system to assess the performance of the proposed controller. The results of the simulation show that the tracking error of the PISMC is not only smaller but also converges more quickly than that of the conventional SMC. Resulting roll and pitch controllers are successfully verified in computer simulations and actual flight tests. The flight test results presented in the paper are found to be consistent with the simulation results.     

Model and Control of Flexible Multibody Satellite

In order to estimate total disturbances including parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbances, and achieve the dynamic feedback compensation of the estimated total disturbances, we design a double closed loop attitude active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC). By taking flexible vibrations of solar panels and a flexible antenna as an external disturbance, and using only the estimated transformation matrix of control input, a simplified dynamic model has been used to replace the accurate dynamic model of a rigid body in a flexible multibody satellite dynamics model. Simulation results indicate that the attitude ADRC designed still has the original dynamic response when large external disturbance acts on the system. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the ADRC designed can be used to solve the problem of control systems with uncertainties in the process of modeling different flexible multibody systems.     

基于无线传感器扭矩检测的轧机扭振前馈控制

 针对轧机轧辊反复正反转咬钢抛钢受到突然强有力的冲击时扭振现象极为严重的情况,研究采用扭矩无线传感器实时采回负载干扰值,解决了现有的扭振抑制方法中采用扭振预估器计算扭振时容易出现偏差的问题;利用前馈能在扰动发生时提前做出干扰补偿的原理,在大型轧机交交变频调速系统定子转矩电流与转速双闭环的基础上,在转矩控制器的输入端加入负载扭矩扰动补偿,提前控制定子电流转矩分量而达到控制扭振的目的,并用Simulink对上述过程进行仿真。结果表明：基于无线传感的扭振前馈抑制方式对扭振的控制效果非常明显,几乎可以彻底消除扭振,更贴近实际。     

Vibration Control of Flexible Manipulators Using Smart Structures

The long reach robots required for space applications necessitate active vibration control algorithms for a better pointing performance. The inherent flexibility of the long and flexible space arms can generate undesirable vibrations, making their end-point controls very difficult, although they provide a large reach volume and payload capabilities. This paper presents a novel technique to control the vibrations of N modes of a flexible link attached to a rigid robot employing an Impedance Control Technique using piezo-ceramic actuators and fiber-optic sensors. A piezo-ceramic actuator model has been developed by considering the moments∕forces generated by the piezo-ceramic actuator as nonconservative external forces. Successful simulation and experimental results have been obtained for vibration control of a cantilever beam which is attached to the end effector of the Titan-II robot arm.     

基于自适应反步法的干扰补偿挖泥船动力定位控制

为解决挖泥船在挖泥强反作用干扰或恶劣环境干扰下,动力定位控制系统不稳定的难题,提出采用自适应反步法来解决挖泥船的动力定位问题.由于自适应算法采用实时估计干扰值并进行前馈补偿,而不是在挖泥机构上额外加装传感器的方法,从而简化了控制机构并同时保证了控制的效果.自适应控制能前馈补偿反作用干扰及环境干扰对船体的作用,使船体能以最小的误差与冲击稳定在指定位置.定位控制在强干扰作用下依然能快速跟踪设定位置,而且保证控制系统全局渐近稳定.仿真结果表明,动力定位系统在强干扰环境中依然能够保持良好跟踪的动静态性能.     

Adaptive high precision position control of servo actuator with friction compensation using LuGre model

Adaptive control of servo actuator with nonlinear friction compensation is addressed.LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted to characterize the nonlinear friction and a new kind of sliding-mode observer is designed to estimate the internal immeasurable state of LuGre model.Based on the estimated friction state,adaptive laws are designed to identify the unknown model parameters and the external disturbances,and the system stability and asymptotic trajectory tracking performance are guaranteed by Lyapunov function.The position tracking performance is verified by the experimental results.     

带有负载观测的异步电动机广义预测控制

提出了一种带有负载观测功能的异步电动机广义预测控制算法,在对系统动态模型分析的基础上建立了调速系统的受控自回归积分滑动平均模型.该控制算法给出了能够使下一次采样时刻的实际转速以最优特性跟踪下一时刻参考转速的广义预测控制律,并采用负载转矩观测器的前馈功能增强速度控制的抗干扰能力.仿真和实验结果表明,通过合理选择控制器参数,具有转矩预测功能的直接转矩控制系统在转速跟踪和抗扰能力方面得到一定提高.     

基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的永磁同步电机滑模控制

为了提高永磁同步电机的转速控制性能,克服扰动对伺服控制的影响,提出了一种基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法.设计了一种新型趋近律,以解决传统趋近律滑模面趋近时间和系统抖振之间的矛盾,提高系统响应快速性.综合考虑系统存在内部参数摄动和外部负载扰动,设计了滑模扰动观测器,并将观测值前馈补偿到速度控制器输出端;将观测器切换增益设计为扰动观测误差的函数,以削弱滑模观测值抖振.仿真结果显示,与传统趋近律相比,采用新型趋近律可有效提高系统的响应速度,快速准确的跟踪速度阶跃信号;滑模观测器可准确的观测系统扰动的变化;当系统加入负载扰动时,PI控制最大转速波动值为75 r·min^-1,而基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制最大转速波动值较小为30 r·min^-1,鲁棒性更好.实验结果显示,采用基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法可以快速跟踪400 r·min^-1的速度指令,调节时间为0.12 s,稳态跟踪误差为±4 r·min^-1,且转速无超调;滑模观测器可准确无超调的估计系统扰动值,进一步提高系统的抗扰动性能;当电机以400 r·min^-1稳速运行时,加入0.6 N·m的负载扰动,基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法最大转速波动为23 r·min^-1,与PI控制相比,转速波动减小了8%.上述仿真和实验结果具有较好的一致性,表明基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法可以有效抑制滑模控制系统的抖振,提高转速控制系统的鲁棒性和动态响应性能.     

H2 Energy Estimate of Boundary Controlled Vibrating Hybrid Structure Subject to Uncertain Forces

We study here a model hybrid system consisting of a flexible rectangular space structure such as a solar cell array, hoisted at one end by a movable rigid hub, set to vibration from certain initial conditions, but subject to uncertain disturbing forces distributed along its length. Assuming that the control of vibrations is sought by a damper at the hub end proportional to a general nonlinear function of the velocity of the point, we obtain an H2 energy estimate of vibrations over a time interval [0,T] in terms of initial energy of the system and the time integral of the L2 norm of the disturbance over the length of the panel. From this, estimates of tolerance level of the disturbances are obtained. Both torsional and flexural modes of vibration are considered.     

移动机械电缆卷盘全新控制技术

一种基于二维模糊控制的全新技术,可防止电缆过拉伸。系统由PLC单元、力矩电动机控制单元和电缆卷筒构成。系统通过电缆拉力一电压模糊控制策略表的查询和输出,把所需的输出值施加到力矩电动机控制单元的电压输入端,使力矩电动机输出的转速和转矩自动保持与当时电缆卷盘所需的转速和转矩相匹配,以保证电缆的正常收／放,避免电缆在收放过程中因拉力过大变形或被拉断。     

Vibration Control of Wind-Excited Tall Buildings Using Sliding Mode Fuzzy Control

A sliding mode fuzzy control (SMFC) is proposed to design a controller for the third-generation benchmark problem on wind-excited buildings. A distinctive feature in vibration control of large civil infrastructure is the existence of large disturbances, such as wind, earthquake, and sea wave forces. Those disturbances govern the behavior of the structure; however, they cannot be precisely measured, especially for the case of wind excitations. Since the structural accelerations are measured only at a limited number of locations without the measurement of the wind forces, the structure of the conventional control may have the feedback loop only. The general structure of the SMFC, proposed herein, is composed of a compensation part and a convergent part. The compensation part prevents the system from diverging, and the convergent part directs the system to the sliding surface. The compensation part uses not only the structural response measurement but also the disturbance measurement, so the SMFC has a feedback loop and a feedforward loop. To realize the virtual feedforward loop for the wind-induced vibration control, a disturbance estimation filter is introduced. The structure of the filter is constructed based on an autoregressive model for the stochastic wind force. This filter estimates the wind force at each time instance based on the measured structural responses and the stochastic information of the wind force. For verification of the proposed algorithm, numerical simulation is carried out on the benchmark problem for wind-excited buildings. The results indicate that the present control algorithm is efficient for reducing the wind-induced vibration.     

基于Udwadia?Kalaba理论的自行车机器人平衡控制方法

针对自行车机器人侧向自平衡问题,以一类装有角动量轮的自行车机器人为研究对象,提出一种新的平衡控制方法。该方法根据自行车机器人静止时刻的侧向平衡条件,构造机器人平衡控制的运动学约束,并将平衡约束视为控制目标。基于Udwadia?Kalaba（U?K）理论,建立满足机器人侧向平衡的扭矩解析模型,设计基于模型的平衡约束跟随控制器。研究结果表明,所提控制方法能够实现自行车机器人的侧向平衡,克服机器人侧向横滚角θ初始偏差的干扰,通过对平衡扭矩模型的计算,对自行车机器人进行主动平衡控制。相较于传统PD反馈控制方法,该种基于模型设计的控制方法,具有系统响应速度快、超调量小和控制扭矩易于优化等特点。借助MATLAB软件,对所提控制方法进行了仿真验证,实现了初始横滚角速度分别为0、1、2、5°·s?1条件下的自行车机器人侧向自平衡控制,仿真结果验证了控制系统的稳定性和有效性,为无人驾驶自行车机器人的平衡控制领域提供了一个新的思路。      

无人软翼飞行器直线航迹跟踪鲁棒反步控制

为实现无人软翼飞行器的直线航迹跟踪控制,提出一种基于模拟对象的可变增益鲁棒反步控制方法.基于模拟对象方法建立软翼飞行器的航迹跟踪误差模型,并设计了可变增益反步跟踪控制器,通过合理设计增益参数,消除了部分复杂非线性项,避免了传统反步法中虚拟量高阶导数问题,简化了控制器形式,更有利于工程实现.根据Lyapunov理论设计的鲁棒反馈补偿项,在保证稳定性的同时提高了系统的鲁棒性.将控制器应用于无人软翼飞行器平面直线航迹跟踪控制中,仿真实验表明,所设计的控制器可以实现直线航迹的精确跟踪,且具有很好的鲁棒性.     

无人直升机自抗扰自适应轨迹跟踪混合控制

为满足无人直升机高精度轨迹跟踪的控制需求,并降低直升机动力学模型误差对飞行控制器飞行控制效果产生的影响,提出自抗扰自适应直升机混合控制.该控制器的内环控制采用模型跟随自适应控制,通过使用动量反向传播算法(MOBP)对该内环控制参数进行实时优化.通过使用自抗扰控制(ADRC)对直升机的水平速度进行控制.仿真结果表明,该混合控制器能够实现直升机对预定轨迹的跟踪.相对PID和级联ADRC控制,该控制器具有更好的抗扰性和鲁棒性.通过在200 kg级的专业植保无人直升机XV-2上搭载所提出的控制器,使其自主飞行轨迹跟踪控制的均方根误差在0.6 m以内.     

自适应模糊模型在非线性系统中的仿真研究

针对一类仿射单输入单输出非线性系统采用模糊控制、模糊逻辑系统逼近和滑模控制相结合的模糊控制器,利用滑模控制及Lyapunov函数方法提出了直接模糊自适应控制方案。直接自适应控制器充分利用模糊控制规则,通过仿真表明该方法具有较好的跟踪性,能保证闭环系统稳定,跟踪误差收敛,具有一定的鲁棒性,系统中所涉及的所有变量有界,系统的跟踪误差渐近收敛于零或零的一个邻域内。     

具有未知扇区非线性输入混沌系统的自适应滑模投影同步

研究了一类具有未知扇区非线性输入且含有未知不确定性和外部干扰的主从混沌系统的投影同步问题.首先选择了一个合适的滑模面,然后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计滑模控制器和自适应更新规则.所设计的控制器不受未知不确定性和外部干扰的影响,具有很强的鲁棒性.通过对不确定主从Duffing-Holmes系统的仿真研究,验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

1250轨梁矫正机矫正力矩的分析

通过理论分析计算和现场测试,证明轧件在矫正过程中,由于轧件受不同的弯曲变形,中性层会产生前进速度差,从而引起负扭矩,出现打滑现象,继而产生振动和噪音。