漓江桂林以上流域水资源变化趋势探讨

对漓江桂林市以上流域多年降雨径流关系、枯季径流、最小流量及保证率变化情况进行了分析，揭示了漓江水资源变化趋势，提出了引起漓江水资源变化的原因及相应的建议，为漓江水资源科学保护、严格管理及合理开发利用等提供依据。     

桂林漓江水资源演变分析

针对日益严峻的漓江水资源状况,分析了其历史演变过程,揭示了水资源演变的规律、特性与原因,为今后做好漓江水环境与生态修复工作,为漓江流域合理利用、有效管理、优化调度水资源及漓江风景名胜区管理工作提供了依据。     

桂林漓江水资源演变分析

针对日益严峻的漓江水资源状况，分析了其历史演变过程，揭示了水资源演变的规律、特性与原因，为今后做好漓江水环境与生态修复工作，为漓江流域合理利用、有效管理、优化调度水资源及漓江风景名胜区管理工作提供了依据。     

漓江洪涝与枯水问题的思考

近１０年来，漓江环境的综合整治一直是全社会共同关心的热点。整治漓江、核心是水，只有将漓江的汛期洪涝与枯水期缺水问题统筹考虑，统一规划，漓江水资源才能得到合理开发、利用和保护。     

对漓江整治的意见

利用漓江实测水文资料，对漓江水资源现状进行评价。根据漓江的过去、现在与存在的问题，提出治理漓江的意见。     

维护漓江河流健康与流域一体化管理

文章以漓江流域上游区内河流、水库及水源林的健康与安全为基础,结合河流健康的概念,论述了适度开发漓江水资源的合理性,把维护漓江河流健康作为流域水资源管理的战略目标。文章重点表述了漓江流域上游区内水资源及生态环境现状,分析了其内干支流、四大水库和三大水源林的情况,提取了漓江桂林市区段水质及沉积物并研究其地球化学性质,提出了恢复和维持漓江河流健康及流域上游河-库-林生态一体化管理的若干建议。     

唐河下游典型水文站径流演变规律研究

分析了唐河下游典型水文站1969—2002年34年来径流的年际、年代际及丰枯变化规律,采用Mann-Kendall方法研究了其径流演变趋势,得出唐河下游的年径流序列变化存在显著递减趋势和变异点,为唐河下游水资源可持续利用提供一定参考。     

漓江补水与防洪生态环保旅游刍议

桂林山水甲天下，漓江是桂林旅游的黄金水道和生命线。通过介绍20年来的漓江补水、桂林旅游发展概况与漓江水资源特性，说明漓江补水的必要性与可行性。同时提出修建漓江防洪补水工程是漓江洪枯综合治理的最佳方案，是漓江生态环保、旅游景观保护的必要措施。漓江补水远期目标的实施，将使漓江更美。     

漓江流域上游径流变化分析

利用桂林水文站、大溶江水文站、灵渠水文站的多年实测径流资料,采用统计分析法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验法,分析漓江流域上游径流年内分配和年际变化特征。计算结果表明:漓江流域上游径流年内分配极不均匀,不均匀系数C_n的范围为0.73~0.78;径流年际变化相对比较均匀,且均匀程度相似,变差系数C_V值的范围为0.19~0.21,年极值比K的范围为2.53~2.69;1954~2016年漓江流域上游径流量整体呈现上升趋势;桂林水文站在1991年前后发生突变,大溶江水文站在1958,1963年等年份发生突变,灵渠水文站在1968年等年份发生突变。     

漓江上游水库连通研究

漓江流域水资源开发利用程度已经达到了极限,但由于水资源分配不均,洪水灾害和水资源紧缺的问题依然严重。文章提出了四个单一水库进行连通方案,分析了流域水资源最大化利用的可行性,达到了提高流域水资源利用的目标。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。