固体电解质氧电池与应用

固体电解质氧电池的应用已取得了显著成效，本文系统地概述了该电池和定氧技术的原理与应 在实验条件下测定了ΔＧＣｕ２Ｏ。     

薄膜锂离子电池多层膜非晶无机固体电解质结构模型的建立与性能分析

利用非晶无机氧化物型与非晶无机硫化物型固体电解质二者在性能上能实现互补的现象,综合分析了LiPON／Li2S—SiS2一Li3PO4／LiPON复合多层膜非晶无机固体电解质结构性能．讨论了模型仍存在的物理问题．结果表明,该多层膜结构较大程度克服了各单层膜的缺点,表现出较高的离子电导率、较好的电化学稳定性及电极相容性．     

离子液体掺杂凝胶电解质的制备及性能

以N-N二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)和甲基丙烯酰氧基二苯酮(MABP)为单体,利用自由基共聚合制备了聚合物母体材料。将合成的母体材料,离子液体与双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺锂一起混合成均匀溶液,采用简单的溶液铸膜工艺制备成膜,经紫外(UV)交联得到交联型凝胶电解质薄膜。通过红外光谱、差示扫描量热、X-射线衍射、力学拉伸测试仪、扫描电镜、电化学交流阻抗谱、线性扫描伏安法等不同测试方法对不同交联组分比例下制得的凝胶聚合物电解质进行表征。结果表明:聚合物母体材料中MABP质量含量为30%时,综合性能较好的电解质在30℃时电导率可达1.16×10~(-4) S/cm;采用循环伏安法测得该电解质的电化学稳定窗口为+4.6 V(vs Li/Li~+),可以满足锂离子电池的应用要求;以所制备的凝胶聚合物电解质组装的锂离子电池在0.2 C的电流密度下,首次放电比容量达到245.2mAh/g。所制备的凝胶电解质与文献报道的同类电解质相比具有较宽的电化学稳定窗口和略低的离子电导率,而且具有较高的首次放电比容量,表明所设计的凝胶电解质具有在锂离子电池中应用的潜力。     

电解质掺杂Na2SO4对固体氧化物燃料电池性能的影响

以不同含量的Na2SO4掺杂YSZ（Y2O3稳定的ZrO2,Y2O3的摩尔分数为8％）为复合电解质,Co3O4为阳极催化剂,La0.7Sr0.3MnO3为阴极催化剂,组装固体氧化物燃料电池,以二氧化硫气体为燃料气,测试复合电解质材料电池的电化学性能.结果表明：以质量分数为25％的Na2SO4＋YSZ为复合电解质的电池在700℃时,获得最大开路电压372mV,功率密度7.87mW·cm-2.以不同含量的Na2SO4掺杂YSZ作为复合电解质时,电池的电流密度和功率密度的高低顺序均为：质量分数25％的Na2SO4＋YSZ＞质量分数16％的Na2SO4＋YSZ＞质量分数8％的Na2SO4＋YSZ＞质量分数50％的Na2SO4＋YSZ＞YSZ.     

固体电解质氧电池与应用

固体电解质氧电池的应用已取得了显著成效,本文系统地概述了该电池和定氧技术的原理与应用,并在实验条件下测定了△G_(Cu_2O)。     

聚合物锂离子电池用凝胶电解质的研究进展

综述聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)等聚合物材料用作锂离子电池凝胶电解质的特性.PAN体系凝胶电解质的离子电导率一般在10-3S/cm数量级,其锂离子迁移数比PEO体系大,可达到0.5;与PAN基凝胶电解质相比,以PMMA为基的凝胶电解质与锂电极的界面稳定性和循环性能更好,但是机械强度较差;PVDF大分子链上含有很强的推电子基(-CF2),且介电常数较高(ε=8.4),有利于促进锂盐更充分的溶解,增加载流子浓度.提出添加无机纳米粒子的凝胶电解质是目前的研究热点,是凝胶电解质的发展趋势.     

过渡元素掺杂固体电解质的制备及电性能

为了解决固体氧化物电解质在中温范围（500 ℃～800 ℃）工作电导效果不佳的问题,采用燃烧合成方法以氧化镧及过渡离子氧化物为原料,制备了过渡金属元素掺杂的硅酸镧体系电解质材料. 用X-射线衍射图谱、扫描电子显微镜以及红外光谱对所得电解质进行了物相和显微结构分析. 研究表明,掺杂离子对电解质的物相结构及形貌影响很小,但是通过引入适量过渡掺杂离子,能够有效提高电解质的电导率. 当掺杂量摩尔比x=1.0时,锌掺杂后硅酸镧电解质具有最高的离子电导率,在500 ℃时的电导率可达2.106×10-2 S/cm. 相比于未掺杂电解质在500 ℃电导率为1.71×10-3 S/cm有了显著提升. 元素铜的掺入对电解质的致密度有促进作用,压片和二次烧结后电解质的密度达94.1%. 同时通过交流阻抗测试分析证实镍在硅位掺杂会降低电解质的电导率.     

聚合物电解质的发展及应用

聚合物电解质是化学电源中应用广泛的材料,可应用于锂离子电池、燃料电池中,具有方便、高效的特点．综述了聚合物电解质的发展、性能、制备合成及其在锂离子电池和燃料电池中的应用．     

碳酸亚乙烯酯对聚合物锂离子电池的影响

研究了碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)作为添加剂对聚合物锂离子电池性能的影响.发现聚合物锂离子电池有机电解液中加VC以后,降低了电池的内阻,提高了循环性能与高低温放电性能.循环伏安的测试结果表明,VC加入以后,电位在-1.5~-2.0 V出现了一个可逆峰,使得电池的初期不可逆容量降低.交流阻抗测试结果证明,VC的加入降低了碳电极界面电阻、电荷传递反应电阻以及溶液扩散电阻,使锂离子的迁移变得容易;同时提高了SEI膜的致密性,从而改善了电池的性能.     

Structure characterization and electrochemical properties of new lithium salt LiODFB for electrolyte of lithium ion batteries

Lithium difluoro（axalato）borate （LiODFB） was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate （DMC） solvent and purified by the method of solventing-out crystallization. The structure characterization of the purified LiODFB was performed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of the cells using 1 mol/L LiPF6 and 1 mol/L LiODFB in ethylene carbonate （EC）/DMC were investigated, respectively. The results indicate that LiODFB can be reduced at about 1.5 V and form a robust protective solid electrolyte interface （SEI） film on the graphite surface in the first cycle. The graphite/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cells with LiODFB-based electrolyte have very good capacity retention at 55 ℃, and show very good rate capability at 0.5C and 1C charge/discharge rate. Therefore, as a new salt, LiODFB is a most promising alternative lithium salt to replace LiPF6 for lithium ion battery electrolytes in the future.     

多孔碳包覆硅微球于锂离子电池负极中的应用

为了缓解纯硅负极材料在充放电过程中带来的巨大体积效应并降低电解质与电极之间的副反应程度,提出了一种简单高效的硅碳复合材料合成方法.以P123为分散剂、葡萄糖为碳源,利用水热法制备P-Si/C复合材料.结果表明,制备得到的复合材料可以极大地缓解充放电过程中产生的体积效应.当复合材料作为锂电池负极时,其首次放电比容量为1 800 mA·h/g,在500 mA/g电流密度下经100次循环后,其放电比容量能够稳定维持为521 mA·h/g,呈现出良好的循环性能.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMgxMn2-xO4的合成及性能

利用相转移法合成了LiMgxMn2-xO4前驱体,在电炉中于一定温度下烧结一定时间,得到锂离子电池正极材料粉体,并利用XRD、SEM、IR等对材料粉体进行结构形态表征.考察焙烧温度、焙烧时间、Mg的掺杂含量等对产物结构和电化学性能的影响.实验结果表明:当Mg的掺杂量x=0.06,于750℃焙烧15 h时所制备的样品材料结构稳定且呈尖晶石型,样品电极的充放电性能良好,首次放电比容量达125 mAh/g,放电平稳,样品电极可逆循环性能良好.     

Nano-sized Sn/MWNTs and MWNTs Served as the Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

A chemical deposition was supposed to be an effwient method in preparation of nano-sized Sn/ MWNTs. The nanoconmposites of MWNTs and Sn/ MWNTs were both used as anodes of lithium ion battery. The special capacities and coulomb efficiencies of Snl MWNTs were studied by means of electrochemical methods. The coating of Sn on MWNTs observed by TEM was amorphous and nano-sized. The reversible capacity of Sn/ MWNTs , which was much larger than that of MWNTs , was 824 mAh/ g in the 1 st charge and discharge cycle. The coulomb efficiency of Sn/ MWNTs in the 1 st cycle was increased by 16% compared with that of MWNTs. The additional Sn, which was 37wt% of total Sn/ MWNTs＇ weight, introduced the additional reversible lithiation capacity at least 250 mAh/ g in the 40 charge and discharge cycles. The dispersing degree of Sn on MWNTs was the main reason for the influence of the electrochemical perfomance of the Sn/ MWNTs . Sn/ MWNTs is proved to be a promising candidate as an anode of lithium ion battery.     

磷酸铁锂电池内阻分量快速检测方法

为了实现锂离子电池（LIB）内阻分量快速检测,提出通过直流内阻（DCR）测试及交流内阻测试,辨识各内阻分量的方法. 以磷酸铁锂电池为研究对象,分别采用Bulter-Volmer方程和二阶等效电路模型,模拟研究表征界面电荷转移、浓差极化过程等效电路的时间常数. 由于电荷转移速度足够快,采用直流脉冲测试获得的瞬时响应内阻通常由欧姆内阻和电化学极化内阻组成,结合交流内阻测试仪内阻检测结果,可以计算得到电化学极化内阻分量. 实验结果显示,该内阻分量测试方法不仅操作简便且具有较高的可靠性,电化学极化内阻辨识结果与电化学阻抗测试结果的最小误差小于5%.     

锂离子电池锑基复合氧化物负极材料的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了SbFeO3和SbPbO2.5锑基复合氧化物粉末．将其分别作为锂离子电池负极材料的活性物质,利用恒电流电池测试仪研究它们的电化学性能．这两种锑基复合氧化物都有较高的电化学容量,SbFeO3的可逆容量为550mAh／g,SbPbO2.5的可逆容量为1270mAh／g,这两种锑基复合氧化物的电化学容量远高于碳材料(石墨的理论容量为372mah／g),因此,可以作为锂离子电池负极材料的候选材料．     

Layer by layer synthesis of Sn-Co-C microcomposites and their application in lithium ion batteries

Alloy anodes were studied for pursuing Sn-based microcomposite synthesis, assembly and performance for lithium ion batteries. The self-assembled Sn-Co-C composites with nano-scaled microstructures were prepared via solution method and carbothermal technology. The morphology and physical structure were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as-prepared materials were assembled to half cell coin for the purpose of discussing the galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and rate-capability performance. Results reveal that nanoscaled CoSn 2 alloys covered with Sn and C layer by layer are wrapped by cross-linked porous carbon network to form spherical microstructure. This distinguishing feature of Sn-Co-C composites provides a possible solution to the problems of Sn particle aggregation and poor electron transport, and has strong effect on improving electrochemical performance.     

Preparation of LiFePO4 for lithium ion battery using Fe2P2O7 as precursor

In order to obtain a new precursor for LiFePO4, Fe2P2O7 with high purity was prepared through solid phase reaction at 650 ℃ using starting materials of FeC2O4 and NH4H2PO4 in an argon atmosphere. Using the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, Li2CO3 and glucose as raw materials, pure LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite materials were respectively synthesized by solid state reaction at 700 ℃ in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to characterize the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C. The as-prepared Fe2P2O7 crystallizes in the c1 space group and belongs to β-Fe2P2O7 for crystal phase. The particle size distribution of Fe2P2O7 observed by SEM is 0.4-3.0μm. During the Li ion chemical intercalation, radical P2O4-O7 is disrupted into two PO3-4 ions in the presence of O2-, thus providing a feasible technique to dispose this poor dissolvable pyrophosphate. LiFePO4/C composite exhibits initial charge and discharge capacities of 154 and 132 mA·h/g, respectively.     

锂交换法制备六氟磷酸锂及表征

六氟磷酸和吡啶反应生成吡啶六氟磷酸,吡啶六氟磷酸和氢氧化锂通过锂交换反应生成吡啶六氟磷酸锂,在四氢呋喃溶剂中,吡啶六氟磷酸锂与浓硫酸反应生成六氟磷酸锂。实验研究了溶剂、反应温度、反应时间、配料比等对锂交换反应的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件:65℃反应4 h,原料配比n(C5H5NHPF6)∶n(LiOH)=1.0∶1.0,此条件下吡啶六氟磷酸锂收率94.5%;经核磁共振、红外光谱检测,吡啶六氟磷酸锂和LiPF6是目的产物。