Size-dependence of properties of superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O fine particles prepared by a spray-pyrolysis method

In the preparation of Bi₂CaSr₂Cu₂O _x particles with an 80 K superconducting phase by an ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis method the particle size was changed from submicrometre to micrometre size by changing the concentration of the metal nitrates in the starting aqueous solution. The volume mean diameter of the prepared particles was found to be approximately proportional to the one-third power of the concentration of the metal nitrates in the solution. The crystalline-phase and metal-component ratio in the particles did not depend on the particle size. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements for the prepared particles showed the onset of a superconducting transition at around 90 K irrespective of the particle size, whereas the magnitude of the susceptibility tended to decrease with the particle size.     

Preparation of superconducting fine particles in the Bi-(Pb)-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system using the spray-pyrolysis method

Uniformly-distributed fine particles of the compositions Bi₂Ca₂Sr₂Cu₃O _x and Bi_1.8Pb_0.2Ca₂Sr₂Cu₃O _x have been prepared by the spray-pyrolysis method. The particles produced were spherical and their size could be controlled from submicrometer to micrometer by changing the concentration of the metal nitrates in the starting aqueous solutions. The crystalline phases of these particles were found to be greatly dependent on the oxygen partial pressure in the carrier gas, as well as the decomposition temperature. In the Bi₂Ca₂Sr₂Cu₃O _x particles, the 80 K superconducting phase was only formed at around 800° C in nitrogen or low oxygen partial pressure, while the formation of the 80 K phase was further suppressed in the Bi_1.8Pb_0.2Ca₂Sr₂Cu₃O _x particles.     

Preparation of fine particles of carnegieite by a mist decomposition method

A mist of a hydrosol consisting of silica, alumina/NaAlO₂ and sodium hydroxide was produced by a supersonic atomization, and treated successively in three furnaces of different temperatures. The temperatures of the furnaces were adjusted for the evaporation of water, the dehydration and the crystallization of the mixed oxide, respectively. The spherical particles ( 0.5m) of carnegieite were found to be formed in a narrow composition range of the raw materials at temperatures of 650 to 900° C. The factors affecting the properties of the particles were investigated.     

Preparation of titanium diboride nanopowders of different particle sizes

Reactions between titanium and microcrystalline boron powders in a Na₂B₄O₇ ionic melt at temperatures from 700 to 850°C and those between TiCl₄ and NaBH₄ at temperatures from 300 to 750°C and hydrogen pressures of up to 10 MPa, with no solvent, have been studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. The results demonstrate that TiB₂ formation occurs at t 〉 730°C and 550°C, respectively. According to scanning electron microscopy data, the TiB₂ powder consists of particles 70–75 and 35–50 nm size, and the crystallite size evaluated from X-ray diffraction data is 55 and 30 nm, respectively, in agreement with the equivalent particle diameters obtained from the specific surface area of the TiB₂ powders: 60 and 45 nm, respectively.     

基于不同粒径SiO2的疏水薄膜制备及其性能

以球状SiO2为原材料,采用层层组装法制备一级和二级微结构表面,通过SEM、接触角测量仪对其表面形貌与疏水性能进行表征,研究低表面能修饰、不同粒径、不同等级对其疏水性能的影响,并对其不同条件下的疏水稳定性进行研究。结果表明:经修饰后,薄膜都由亲水变为疏水;未修饰时,2μm和20 nm SiO2复合的二级微结构疏水性能高于2μm或20 nm一级微结构,修饰后也是如此,修饰后的二级微结构表面接触角为161.3°,滚动角为3.2°;二级微结构表面经240℃高温、紫外照射200 h仍能够保持良好的疏水性能。     

Preparation of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles using microwave irradiation

Nanoparticles of CdS, ZnS have been prepared by a very simple fast reaction between CdCl₂ or Zn(Ac)₂ and thioacetamide in aqueous solution using microwave irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reflectance and photoluminescence spectra. The sizes of the sample as prepared were calculated by Debye–Scherrer formula according to XRD spectra to be about 9 and 3 nm for CdS and ZnS, respectively. Similar results can also been obtained in the TEM images.     

Synthesis of silver particles with different sizes and morphologies

In this work, using a simple templateless, surfactantless, chemical reduction method, we synthesized micron-sized silver particles with different sizes and morphologies by simply changing the reaction conditions, specifically, the amount of ascorbic acid added to a silver nitrate aqueous solution, the Ag⁺:Ascorbic Acid molar ratios used were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. The morphologies obtained were polyhedrons and dendrites. The sizes of the particles ranged from 1.5 μm to 15 μm. The principal driven force which produces the changes in the morphology of the Ag particles could be the variations in the electrochemical potential aroused from the changes in the amount of ascorbic acid used in the reaction.     

水热法制备CdS纳米结构

利用氯化镉(CdC12)、硫脲(CO(NH2)2)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),在水热条件下获得了玉米棒状和花状等不同形貌的CdS纳米结构.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光发光光谱(PL)、紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)对产物进行表征.结果表明:PVP对不同形貌CdS纳米结构的形成起关键作用,随着PVP量的增加,PVP选择性地吸附(102)晶面,抑制了该(102)晶面方向的生长,使产物的形貌由玉米棒状转变为花状;而花状纳米结构的紫外的吸收产生了红移现象,荧光性能无明显变化.     

反胶团法制备CdS半导体纳米粒子

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂、正己醇为助表面活性剂制备了水/CTAB/正己醇/正庚烷的四元反相胶束体系,利用该体系制备了尺寸可控、均一、单分散的半导体CdS纳米材料,其中反相胶束体系被认为是一个"微反应器".获得了一个CdS纳米微粒的最佳制备条件.通过研究CTAB四元反相胶团体系的成相区域、稳定性、微液滴大小和尺寸分布和胶团组成,得出了反相胶团组成与胶团中微液滴大小的关系,采用TEM、XRD等分析技术对所制备的CdS纳米颗粒进行了性能表征.     

On the settling of a bidisperse suspension with particles having different sizes and densities

The settling of a bidisperse suspension with small particles having different sizes and densities can be described by an initial value problem for a system of two non-linear, first-order conservation laws. Solutions to this problem are in general discontinuous and exhibit kinematic shocks that separate areas of different composition. The solution requires the construction of so-called elementary curves in phase space, which are determined from eigenvector fields of the Jacobian of the flux function. Differences in solution behavior to the previously analyzed equal-density case are due to an umbilic point, which appears for different densities only. The initial value problem is eventually solved by the front tracking method, which generates a series of Riemann problems. It turns out that the solution of the problem predicts a fairly complex process of sediment formation, and that the stationary solution can consist of non-constant smooth transitions. This observation is of interest for manufacturing of functionally graded materials.     

水热法制备硫化镉(CdS)纳米颗粒和纳米棒

通过水热法成功制备出了硫化镉(CdS)纳米颗粒和纳米棒.由X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)进行样品的表征,结果表明反应时间和反应温度对样品的形貌与晶型有显著影响.     

Preparation of spherical fine ZnO particles by the spray pyrolysis method using ultrasonic atomization techniques

An ultrasonic atomizer was used in the spray pyrolysis method to prepare fine, spherical and uniform ZnO particles. Almost spherical particles were obtained successfully which had a mean particle size of 0.15 m and had a very narrow particle size distribution. By using alcohol as the solvent, it was found that the particles do not have hollow shell layers which could usually be observed in the spray pyrolysis process by using water as the solvent. The morphology of the ZnO particles was strongly affected by the concentration of the starting solution.     

CdS/ZnO复合颗粒的制备与电致发光性能

以sol-gel法制备了ZnO前驱体,并通过水热反应得到了CdS/ZnO复合颗粒.采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征其结构、组成及形貌,并对其电致发光(EL)特性进行表征.结果表明CdS纳米晶生长在ZnO基体上;EL谱表明没有煅烧的CdS/ZnO复合颗粒表现为CdS的激子发射,发光强度较纯CdS有了明显的提高;而煅烧后的CdS/ZnO复合颗粒则表现为ZnO的缺陷发射,发光谱的半高宽较纯ZnO有所减小.     

ZnS/CdS单带差超晶格薄膜的制备及光学性质研究

为了提高CdTe太阳电池的效率,ZnS/CdS单带差超晶格被创新性地提出.用射频磁控溅射法制备了ZnS/CdS单带差超晶格薄膜,用SEM观察样品截面,分层清晰;测试了ZnS/CdS单带差超晶格薄膜的透过谱图,在300～800nm波长范围内存在4个明显的透过峰.相较于CdS单层膜与ZnS单层膜,ZnS/Cds单带差超晶格薄膜在可见光短波部分的光谱响应十分明显,说明Zns/Cds单带差超晶格薄膜的电子能带与光子吸收方式发生了明显的变化.理论上可以提高CdTe太阳电池的效率.     

量子点量子阱ZnS/HgS/ZnS/CdS的制备与光学特性

运用湿化学与表面化学方法制备了ＺｎＳ／ＨｇＳ／ＺｎＳ／Ｃｄｓ量子点量子阱（ＱＤＱＷ）结构,以吸收光谱、光致发光及激光谱表征该结构,并研究了外层ＣｄＳ对材料发光特性的影响,首次观测到ＣｄＳ对中间ＨｇＳ阱层发光的增强作用,并归因子隧道效应的存在。     

Properties of architectural mortar prepared with recycled glass with different particle sizes

The recycling of glass waste as a source of aggregate for the production of concrete products has attracted increasing interest from the construction industry. However, the use of recycled glass in architectural mortar is still limited. This study attempts to develop a self-compacting based architectural mortar using white cement and 100% recycled blue glass as key ingredients. To improve the aesthetic qualities, a certain minimum quantity of glass cullets of larger particle size must be present. The influence of particle size of the recycled glass on the engineering properties of fresh and hardened architectural mortar is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that it is feasible to utilize 100% recycled glass as the aggregate for the production of self-compacting based architectural mortar. These products have an average compressive strength of 40 MPa and flexural strength of 6 MPa at 28 days which are appropriate for some architectural and building applications. Also, the overall performances of all the architectural mortars prepared with different particle sizes of glass aggregates are comparable to those of control mortar mix prepared with river sand.