氯化亚锡和纳米二氧化硅对PET材料表面亲水性影响

目的 提高PET材料的表面亲水性.方法 氯化亚锡与PET共混成膜后,采用共混接枝法,在共混膜表面接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅,制备出强亲水的PET材料.采用静态接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜测试手段对PET材料表面进行表征.结果 氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅能够成功接枝在氯化亚锡与PET共混材料表面.当氯化亚锡质量分数为0.3%时,共混膜接触角由98°下降到74.5°.共混膜接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅溶液20 h时,PET材料表面接触角由74.5°下降到7.8°,亲水性得到了极大提高.接枝膜浸泡于蒸馏水10 d后,PET材料表面接触角由7.8°上升至34.9°.结论 氯化亚锡与PET材料共混,接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅后极大地提高了PET材料表面的亲水性.     

氟改性丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及其涂层表面疏水性能

使用含有不同长度全氟碳链的全氟烷基乙基醇分别与甲基丙烯酸氯和甲苯二异氰酸酯反应,制备了两种不同的含氟单体 TEMAc-n 和 FnTDI,然后分别通过自由基共聚合反应和对合成好的常规含羟基丙烯酸酯共聚物进行后改性两种路线,制备了两类含有相同全氟碳链结构的氟改性丙烯酸酯共聚物 xTEMAc-n 和 xFnTDI 及其涂层。 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(¹⁹F NMR)技术对单体和相应共聚物的化学结构进行了表征,用示差扫描量热法(DSC) 测试了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,通过静态水接触角、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对共聚物膜层的表面性能进行了表征。 结果表明,制备合成了预期的含氟单体和含氟共聚物。 随着含氟单体的引入,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度升高,涂层的疏水性能提高。 含氟链段的长度对涂层疏水性的贡献大于氟含量的影响,与自由基共聚合方法制备氟改性共聚物 xTEMAc-n 相比,使用异氰酸酯基含氟单体对常规含羟基丙烯酸酯共聚物进行后改性制备的氟改性共聚物 xFnTDI,成膜时含氟链段更容易向涂层表面迁移,引入较少的含氟单体就可以获得优异的疏水性能。     

氟硅树脂改性紫外光固化易清洁涂层的制备及性能研究

目的 以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯为基体树脂、氟硅树脂为添加剂,制备一种具有疏水、防涂鸦和耐磨性能的紫外光固化易清洁光滑涂层。方法 首先采用氨基甲酸酯化反应合成一种含硅氧烷结构的三官能度丙烯酸酯单体（TATES）。然后以1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷（POTS）、丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPMS）、TATES为原料,通过水解-缩聚法制备了一系列氟硅树脂（AFSR）。最后将AFSR添加到聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂中,经紫外光固化得到氟硅树脂改性的聚氨酯易清洁涂层。系统地研究了AFSR添加量对涂层润湿性、自清洁、防涂鸦及耐磨性的影响。结果 氟含量为92.6%（物质的量分数）的AFSR在PUA中的添加量为2.5%时,涂层表面的水和十六烷的接触角分别为112.6°和66.3°,且拥有很低的水和十六烷滑动角。随着涂层中AFSR添加量从0.5%增加到2.5%,防污性能逐渐提高,具有明显的油性记号笔收缩和自清洁效果,并且易清洁涂层经过3 000次的摩擦循环后,仍具有良好的收缩效果和持久的防污性能,表明涂层具有优异的耐磨性能。结论 随着AFSR添加量的增加,涂层中氟硅含量增加,表面能降低,使得涂层拥有高的接触角与...     

仿蝉翼超疏水疏油玻璃防指纹特性研究

目的 解决传统的全氟聚醚疏油防指纹涂层对提高触摸屏防指纹效果不明显的问题.方法 基于对蝉翼表面纳米阵列微观结构形貌的表征,通过金快速热退火模板法和反应离子刻蚀技术,制备了仿蝉翼超疏水疏油防指纹表面.基于指纹图像阈值算法和表面粗糙度因子模拟计算,评价分析了其防指纹特性.结果 仿蝉翼超疏水表面水接触角为(152±1)°,指纹油接触角为(118±2)°,十六烷接触角为(111±2)°,表面透光率为95.6％,展现出卓越的超疏水疏油特性和光学特性.同时,仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面的抗指纹性相对于全氟聚醚改性平玻璃疏油表面提升了28.3％以上,表现出良好的防指纹特性.此外,按压指纹后的仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面经过1次标准无纺布擦拭实验后,表面指纹率相对于擦拭前降低了40％,指纹降低率远高于改性平玻璃疏油表面,说明了其优异的指纹易擦洗特性.另外,经过20 min落砂实验后,仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面仍然可以保持良好的抗指纹特性,说明其具有良好的耐机械磨损特性.结论 仿蝉翼超疏水疏油表面具有优异的超疏水疏油特性和光学特性,同时,表面致密的纳米阵列赋予了其良好的抗指纹特性.经测试发现,该表面具有优异的指纹易擦洗特性和机械耐久性,为未来防指纹玻璃的设计提供了新的思路.     

疏水改性的聚对二甲苯薄膜对聚氨酯泡沫阻湿性能的影响*

硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）的吸湿特性导致泡沫塑化、溶胀变形,影响其服役安全性及稳定性。但目前针对这种亲水性多孔界面的阻湿研究鲜有报道。通过表面改性的方法引入阻湿层是一种非常有效的解决方法,聚对二甲苯（Parylene C）可在室温沉积条件下形成致密薄膜,具有优异的阻湿性能。在RPUF表面沉积Parylene C薄膜,然后利用全氟小分子组装进行界面疏水改性。通过一维和二维红外、低场核磁、微观形貌和元素组成等表征以及不同厚度镀膜试样吸湿曲线等分析,阐明RPUF的吸湿机理及复合涂层体系阻湿的相关规律。结果表明：当Parylene C镀膜达到一定厚度后,RPUF表面的孔缺陷会被覆盖,其阻湿性能可提高73.6%,同时全氟小分子表面疏水改性后聚氨酯泡沫表面和水分子的相互作用和吸附会被减弱,进一步降低吸湿率。揭示了RPUF吸湿机理和Parylene C薄膜界面阻湿的基本规律,有望用于解决硬质聚氨酯泡沫的长效阻湿问题。     

KCC-1/PVDF超疏水与超滑表面的制备及其性能研究

目的将海胆状纳米二氧化硅(KCC-1)微球掺入聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中,制备出KCC-1/PVDF超疏水涂层,并在此基础上利用不同涂层修饰剂修饰,进一步制备出超滑涂层。方法以溴化十六烷基吡啶作为模板,结合煅烧法合成了海胆状KCC-1微球,分散到PVDF溶液中,在镁合金表面制备KCC-1/PVDF涂层,并进一步用不同修饰剂(全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷(PFOTES)、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTES)和二甲基硅油)对涂层表面进行改性。结果经过十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷改性,得到水接触角为155°的超疏水涂层,而灌注二甲基硅油后得到滑动角为4.5°的超滑表面。摩擦磨损实验中,超滑表面的耐磨性优于超疏水表面,优于空白镁合金;防覆冰实验结果表明超疏水和超滑表面能有效延缓液滴在表面结冰。结论KCC-1/PVDF超疏水与超滑涂层能有效地保护镁合金基底,且超滑涂层的防腐蚀性优于超疏水涂层,其腐蚀抑制效率IE分别为100%和98.28%。     

纳米二氧化钛表面改性及其在聚氨酯涂层中的分散性质

采用长链烷烃和微胶囊方法对纳米TiO2(锐钛型,粒径20nm) 进行表面改性,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TGA)分别研究了改性纳米粉体的表面化学结构及接枝率,结果表明:改性纳米TiO2粉体表面成功接枝了高分子聚合物,接枝率分别为5%和12%.将改性纳米TiO2粉体(质量分数为1%～3%)与双组分聚氨酯涂料进行复合,制备了纳米TiO2/聚氨酯复合涂料,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纳米复合涂层进行了微观检测,结果表明:微胶囊改性的纳米TiO2在涂层中的分散性最好.     

传能光纤表面低折射率光固化涂层的制备

目的 制备低折射率光固化涂层。 方法 以全氟十一烷基丙烯酸酯( FA) 、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯( TRIFEMA) 、四氢呋喃丙烯酸酯 GM61 P00 ( THFA) 和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯( PU) 为主要组分,考察各组分用量对涂层接触角、吸光度和折射率的影响。 结果 在一定的用量范围内,折射率随 FA 和 TRIFEMA 用量增加而降低,随 THFA 和 PU 用量增加而升高;接触角随 FA 和 TRIFEMA 用量增加,先增大,然后保持稳定,随 THFA 和 PU 用量增加而减小;吸光度随 FA 用量增加而增大,随 TRIFEMA,THFA 和 PU 用量增加而减小。 结论 低折射率光固化涂料的最佳配比为 m( FA) : m( TRIFEMA) : m( THFA) : m( PU) = 2 :5 : 1 . 25 : 1 ,其涂层折射率为 1 . 387 ,吸光度为 0 . 0091 。     

PDMS薄膜与CR39光学树脂不可逆封接方法研究

目的 为了提高PDMS薄膜与CR39光学树脂表面间的不可逆封接性能,拓展光学材料在微流控领域的应用空间.方法 研究了PDMS薄膜和CR39光学树脂两种待封接表面氧化改性和化学接枝等多种表面改性处理的原理及方法,试验测试了不同改性处理后待封接材料红外光谱及其表面接触角 α 的变化,进而反映了材料表面润湿特性的变化,搭建了微流控芯片封接强度测试试验平台,测试了不同试验条件下封接后微流控光学芯片样本的封接强度.结果 表面氧化和化学接枝不同改性处理后,PDMS薄膜和CR39光学树脂表面的接触角α均明显减小.采用氧等离子+HEMA化学接枝组合改性处理后,两个待封接表面的接触角α分别可以长期稳定在50°和60°左右,保持良好的润湿特性.采用氧等离子清洗+APTES化学接枝组合改性处理并完成封接后,两个封接面间会形成致密的Si—O—Si聚合层,芯片封接强度最高,可达975 kPa.结论 不同表面改性处理方法能够不同程度降低PDMS薄膜和CR39光学树脂待封接表面的接触角α,改善润湿特性,氧等离子+APTES化学接枝组合改性处理为上述两个待封接表面间的最优不可逆封接方法,能够大大增加封接面间的封接强度,有效提高微流控光学芯片的可靠性.     

含氟树脂接枝玻璃微珠(HGB)的制备与表征

目的 为了提高HGB与聚合物的相容性及共混物的静态接触角.方法 分别用三类含氟树脂(聚醚301M型氟碳树脂、聚酯JF2X型氟碳树脂、PF500型氟硅树脂)改性HGB.通过红外光谱、热重测试,评价各类含氟树脂表面接枝HGB的接枝效果,并与未改性HGB进行比较.通过测试三类改性HGB与未改性HGB的接触角,比较四种HGB的疏水性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜分析表观形貌,观察表面粗糙度对改性HGB接枝效果的影响.通过EDS对HGB表面的元素种类及含量进行分析.结果 红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、EDS以及热重分析均证明,三类含氟树脂均成功接枝到HGB表面.由表面形貌可知,HGB表面接枝三类含氟树脂后,表面均变得粗糙,覆盖了一层包覆物.EDS测试发现,三类含氟树脂接枝的HGB均检出F元素,且氟硅树脂接枝的HGB的F元素最高.此外,经含氟树脂接枝的HGB静态接触角显著提高,聚酯型含氟树脂、聚醚型含氟树脂、氟硅树脂接枝的HGB的静态接触角分别为130.72°、146.80°、152.12°.结论 在常温条件下,该制备方法成功地将三种含氟树脂接枝到HGB表面,其中75℃下的接枝程度最高,最佳反应时间为10 h.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.