MgO-B2O3二元系熔渣质量作用浓度计算模型

依据化学中广泛应用的同系线性规律,拟合钙、镁复合化合物标准反应吉布斯自由能之间的线性关系式,然后由3CaO·B2O3和2CaO·B2O3的标准反应吉布斯自由能求得3MgO·B2O3和2MgO·B2O3的标准反应吉布斯自由能,进而基于炉渣结构的共存理论和相图,推导MgO-B2O3二元渣系的热力学计算模型.结果表明:1 460℃时,在浓度为0.45＜x(MgO)＜0.80的范围内,理论计算的MgO-B2O3渣系的作用浓度N(B2O3)的变化规律与实测活度α(B2O3)是相同的,且拟合较好.     

Mg_3Sb_2增强镁基复合材料合成机制研究

采用原位反应法制备不同Mg_3Sb_2体积分数的镁基复合材料。计算了不同温度下反应的吉布斯自由能和不同Sb含量的绝热温度,对复合材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)的检测。结果表明,原位反应方法可制备不同Mg_3Sb_2体积分数的镁基复合材料;Mg和Sb结合生成Mg_3Sb_2的反应能自发进行;Sb含量分别为7.7%、15.4%、23.1%时,Mg-Sb合成反应不能自蔓延发生,金属间化合物Mg_3Sb_2的合成温度分别为544.58、621.84和666.14℃。     

真空碳热还原制备Mg-Li合金热力学分析

提出了真空碳热还原制备Mg-Li合金的新思路,并对还原反应进行了热力学分析,研究了还原反应的反应式、吉布斯自由能及临界还原温度。结果表明:真空碳热还原制备Mg-Li合金具备热力学可行性,且其吉布斯自由能随真空度和反应温度的升高而降低;相同真空度下,该反应的临界反应温度低于真空碳热还原制备金属Mg、金属Li的临界温度,反应更容易进行;当真空度为10 Pa,Li_2O的相对比例为0.1时,真空碳热还原制备Mg-Li合金的临界反应温度为1345 K;在常规皮江法(真空硅热还原法)制镁的反应条件下,不论反应物料中Mg O、Li_2O相对比例为多少,真空碳热还原制备Mg-Li合金均具有热力学可行性。     

碳还原锌浸出渣炼铁过程的热力学分析

对锌浸出渣熔池熔炼碳还原炼铁反应过程进行了热力学分析。结果表明:Zn Fe2O4和KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6受热分解的含铁产物是Fe2O3,Zn Fe2O4在300~1800 K温度范围内不能自发分解,KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6在652.25K即可分解;高pCO/pCO2、低温(但要高于炉渣熔融的温度)有利于熔体中的Fe2O3还原生成液态铁;含硫物相低温分解后的产物有金属硫酸盐K2SO4和Ca SO4,两者热分解脱硫的有利条件均是高温及低硫分压、低氧分压(但氧分压要高于硫酸盐分解生成硫化物的限值),Ca SO4热分解脱硫比K2SO4易于进行。锌浸出渣中碱性氧化物Ca O的存在,一方面可以降低Zn2Si O4碳热还原的起始反应温度,另一方面可以提高炉渣碱度及炉渣中Ca O的活度,降低硫在铁液与炉渣中的分配平衡常数。     

红土镍矿中MgSiO_3在NaOH亚熔盐体系中的浸出反应机理

根据硅镁型红土镍矿中镁硅酸盐存在形式,采用化学沉淀法合成Mg Si O3,通过正交实验考察反应温度、反应时间、液固比和Na OH浓度对Mg Si O3在Na OH亚熔盐体系中的浸出过程的影响,得出优化实验条件为:反应温度为210℃,反应时间为180min,液固比为6:1,Na OH浓度为80%。在优化实验的基础上,采用Raman光谱对反应过程进行在线检测,利用XRD和IR光谱分析反应后的水浸渣结构变化,解析Mg Si O3在Na OH亚熔盐体系中的反应机理。结果表明:在反应过程中,Si O4中的Si—O被破坏,Na OH介入硅酸盐晶格中,其中间产物为Mg2Si O4和Na2Mg Si O4,Mg2+经过碱浸过程可以脱离Si O4阵列,以Mg(OH)2形式从其硅酸盐中得以释放。     

高温热力学在高镁磷尾矿浸出过程中的应用

根据热力学计算原理,以高镁磷尾矿中主要物质白云石和氟磷灰石在硫酸水溶液中的高温PHT0计算为例,研究了Mg2+-Ca2+-H2CO3-H2O、CaCO3.MgCO3-SO42--H2O、Ca2+-F--H3PO4-H2O、Ca5(PO4)3F-SO24--H2O、Mg2+-H3PO4-H2O体系在高温与常温下的热力学平衡变化情况。结果表明,CaCO3.MgCO3和Ca5(PO4)3F在水溶液中的平衡常数K0随温度的升高而降低;二者在硫酸水溶液中的主要反应pH0随温度升高而降低,浸出反应需在较高酸度下进行;二者在酸性溶液中的溶解高温较常温下有较大迁移。     

Solid State Reaction of Ir with SiC and Ir with Y2O3

研究了难熔金属铱与SiC及铱与Y2O3的固相反应,采用金属间化合物的标准生成吉布斯自由能等于标准形成焓的方法计算固相反应热力学,采用电子分布与晶体结构之间相关的Engel理论分析了铱与Y2O3的固相反应机制。结果表明,铱与SiC在1000℃开始反应生成Ir3Si和石墨,随着反应温度升高,Ir3Si与SiC进一步反应生成更高熔点的IrSi,当反应温度为1400℃时,固相反应产物为IrSi和石墨。在1800℃的还原性碳气氛下,铱与Y2O3能够发生固相反应生成Ir2Y和CO,Ir外围电子层失去电子形成d5sp2排布,Y外围电子层得到电子形成d3sp排布,成键电子数目由17个增加至21个,导致Ir-Y键能大于Y-O键能。     

Mg_3Bi_2,Ca_3Bi_2,CaMg_2Bi_2及K_9Mg_6Bi_7的生成自由能

鉛的去鉍可以用沉淀精炼的方法,用Ca,Mg,K等金属为沉淀剂,生成的金属間化合物有Mg_3Bi_2(s),Ca_3Bi_2(s),CaMg_2Bi_2(s)及K_9Mg_6Bi_7(s)等。本文目的是利用已有数据計算这些金属間化合物的标准生成自由能,以期对沉淀去鉍过程获得进一步的了解。从Mg-Bi相图可見,在液相綫上Mg_3Bi_2(s)与熔液成平衡。因此,可以从Mg-Bi系的活度数据結合相图计算Mg_3Bi_2(s)的标准生成自由能,同样方法曾被用来計算InSb(s)的标准生成自由能。液相綫上的平衡可以用下式表示:     

Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D镁基复合材料的界面结构及其形成机理

采用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对萃取Mg2B2O5w的物相、表面元素化学状态变化及Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D复合材料界面反应产物进行了研究.结果表明:Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D界面处存在厚度不均匀的MgO和MgB2相界面层;MgO的形成主要与复合材料制备过程中晶须表面上的吸附氧有关,而界面产物MgB2则应来源于Mg2B2O5w分解产物B2O3与基体中Mg的反应;Mg2B2O5w、MgO和MgB2之间通常没有确定的晶体学位相关系,但在特定Mg2B2O5w表面观察到(202)Mg2B2O5w//(002)MgO,[010]Mg2B2O5//[110]MgO和(002)MgO//(0001)MgB2,[110]MgO//[2110]MgB2取向关系.     

B位复合铅基钙钛矿结构粉体煅烧合成过程中烧绿石相的形成机理研究

用X-射线衍射法(XRD)对B位复合铅基钙钛矿结构的铌镁酸铅Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3与铌铁酸铅Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3粉体"铌铁矿先驱体法"(即两步煅烧法)煅烧合成工艺过程中烧绿石相形成机理进行了研究.结果表明MgNb2O6/Pb3O4体系中烧绿石相的形成机理与FeNbO4/Pb3O4体系中的有所不同,前者主要通过从先驱体继承而来的残留Nb2O5与PbO反应而生成,而后者主要通过先驱体FeNbO4分解出来的Nb2O5与PbO反应而得到.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.