高铁锌焙砂选择性还原焙烧-两段浸出锌

采用还原焙烧将高铁锌焙砂中的铁酸锌选择性地分解为氧化锌和磁铁矿,再通过两段浸出工艺回收锌,以实现锌铁分离和获得以磁铁矿为主的浸出渣。主要考察了还原焙烧、中性浸出及低酸浸出条件对锌焙砂中锌、铁浸出率的影响。结果表明:通过还原焙烧可以显著地提高锌焙砂的锌浸出率;中性浸出的最佳条件为浸出温度60℃、液固比10:1、初始酸度45 g/L和浸出时间2 h;低酸浸出的最佳条件为浸出温度70℃、液固比10:1、初始酸度60 g/L、搅拌速度300 r/min和浸出时间2 h。在最佳条件下,两段浸出的总锌浸出率约为90%,总铁浸出率约为5%。经XRD和SEM/EDS分析,浸出渣以磁铁矿为主,其次是闪锌矿和铁酸锌;铁酸锌存在的主要原因是在还原焙烧过程中被氧化锌等矿物包裹,使其分解不充分。     

锌浸渣还原焙烧-磁选回收铁

在查明锌浸渣工艺矿物学的基础上,采用还原焙烧将铁酸锌分解为氧化锌和磁性氧化铁,再通过磁选的方法回收铁,达到锌、铁分离的目的。实验考查了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原剂用量对铁酸锌分解率、铁回收率和铁品位的影响。结果表明:在焙烧温度为950℃、焙烧时间为1 h及还原剂添加量为10%和5%的条件下,铁酸锌分解率达到72.05%,铁回收率可达到91.79%,精矿中铁的品位为50%左右。焙烧及磁选过程中颗粒的团聚包裹是铁精矿品位不高的主要原因。     

采用还原-磁化焙烧法从高铁锌焙砂中选择性浸出锌（英文）

为实现高铁锌焙砂中锌的选择性浸出,提出一种将还原焙烧与磁化焙烧相结合以强化铁酸锌选择性分解的新工艺。通过热力学分析和焙烧实验,详细研究铁酸锌的分解机理。结果表明,在8%CO(体积分数)、750℃、50%CO/(CO+CO₂)(体积分数)和90 min的最佳还原焙烧条件下,锌焙砂中94.65%的铁酸锌被还原分解为氧化锌和氧化亚铁。随后,还原焙砂在450℃的空气气氛中磁化焙烧30 min后,焙砂中的氧化亚铁被选择性地磁化为四氧化三铁。磁化焙砂经低酸浸出后,焙砂中93.62%的锌被浸出进入溶液,而90%以上的铁以磁铁矿的形式富集在浸出渣中,浸出渣中的铁可通过磁选法进一步回收。     

铁酸锌选择性还原的反应机理

通过TG、物相分析、XPS、XRD、SEM-EDS等手段研究铁酸锌选择性还原反应机理,考察铁酸锌质量损失和分解特征、物相转变过程和产物层形貌变化以及Zn2+与Fe2+的离子迁移行为。结果表明:反应表现为失氧过程,还原产生的Fe2+使铁酸锌分解产生ZnO,ZnO含量与Fe2+含量线性相关。Fe2+向铁酸锌内部迁移替代Zn2+,Zn2+则向外部迁移并富集于表面,促使ZnO在表面形成。铁酸锌逐步向磁铁矿转变,Fe2+的嵌入和锌的迁出使铁酸锌晶胞参数先增大后减小,还原产物为ZnO和含锌的磁铁矿。颗粒产物层中的还原产物相互夹杂,并包裹着未反应的铁酸锌。     

含锗锌浸出渣加压强化浸出及铁沉淀行为

针对锌浸出渣处理过程中存在有价金属回收率低、危废铁渣量大等关键技术难题,本文提出了锌浸出渣Ⅰ段控铁低酸加压浸出.Ⅱ段深度高酸加压浸出的两段逆流加压酸浸工艺路线。以某湿法炼锌企业产出的含锗锌浸出渣为研究对象,重点研究了Ⅰ段控铁加压低酸浸出过程中锌、锗、铁的浸出行为,铁的高温水解沉淀行为以及铁物相演变规律。结果表明：温度是影响铁高效沉淀与铁物相组成的关键因素,升高温度能促进Fe³⁺水解生成铁矾(MFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆),并有利于铁酸盐(MeFe₂O₄)的溶解。降低初始酸度、延长反应时间均有利于铁矾晶体的发育长大;在高酸体系下,铁矾的热力学稳定性降低,且不利于Fe³⁺的水解沉淀,但通过升高反应温度可使Fe³⁺水解生成铁矾和赤铁矿(Fe₂O₃)等沉铁物相,达到铁高效沉淀分离的目的;因锌浸出渣中铁主要以Fe³⁺形式存在,故氧分压...     

从高酸浸出锌渣回收银

本文针对某锌冶炼厂高酸浸出渣含银高的特点,采用硫酸化焙烧-水浸脱锌铁-氯化浸银-冷却结晶PbCl2-铅片置换沉银的工艺,对高酸浸出渣开展了回收银的研究。结果表明,锌和铁的浸出率分别达到92．66％和94．67％,浸出液返回炼锌主流程生产电锌;银和铅的浸出率分别达到94．17％和97．89％;用铅片置换得到粗银粉,银置换率达到99%以上。     

回转挥发窑在锌浸出渣处理中的应用

介绍了Φ2 95×52m挥发窑及其系统在昆明云冶锌业股份有限公司锌浸出渣处理中的应用;阐述了该设备结构、设备特点、控制系统及设备的先进性、复杂性和工艺特点。     

铁酸锌选择性硫化行为与物相转变机制

为了高效回收含铁酸锌物料中的有价金属,本研究通过硫化焙烧将铁酸锌选择性地转化为硫化锌和铁氧化物或单质铁,再通过常规选矿和湿法冶金的方法实现铁锌分离与回收。利用HSC和Factsage软件研究铁酸锌硫化反应热力学,通过硫化焙烧试验研究了不同工艺条件对铁酸锌硫化行为和物相转变机制的影响。结果表明：在高温条件下,黄铁矿分解产生的气体硫和铁酸锌发生硫化反应,温度、黄铁矿和碳用量均为铁酸锌硫化的主要影响因素,适当提高温度及增加黄铁矿和碳用量可以提高锌的硫化率,添加适量钠盐有助于铁酸锌硫化。在最佳工艺条件下,铁酸锌硫化率可达84%。经XRD和SEM分析,硫化焙烧主要产物为硫化锌和铁氧化物,人造硫化矿的晶粒较小,添加钠盐能够促进人造硫化锌晶粒的长大。     

碳还原锌浸出渣炼铁过程的热力学分析

对锌浸出渣熔池熔炼碳还原炼铁反应过程进行了热力学分析。结果表明:Zn Fe2O4和KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6受热分解的含铁产物是Fe2O3,Zn Fe2O4在300~1800 K温度范围内不能自发分解,KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6在652.25K即可分解;高pCO/pCO2、低温(但要高于炉渣熔融的温度)有利于熔体中的Fe2O3还原生成液态铁;含硫物相低温分解后的产物有金属硫酸盐K2SO4和Ca SO4,两者热分解脱硫的有利条件均是高温及低硫分压、低氧分压(但氧分压要高于硫酸盐分解生成硫化物的限值),Ca SO4热分解脱硫比K2SO4易于进行。锌浸出渣中碱性氧化物Ca O的存在,一方面可以降低Zn2Si O4碳热还原的起始反应温度,另一方面可以提高炉渣碱度及炉渣中Ca O的活度,降低硫在铁液与炉渣中的分配平衡常数。     

Recovery of valuable metals from zinc leaching residue by sulfate roasting and water leaching

Zinc leaching residue (ZLR), produced from traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process, is not only a hazardous waste but also a potential valuable solid. The combination of sulfate roasting and water leaching was employed to recover the valuable metals from ZLR. The ZLR was initially roasted with ferric sulfate at 640 °C for 1 h with ferric sulfate/zinc ferrite mole ratio of 1.2. In this process, the valuable metals were efficiently transformed into water soluble sulfate, while iron remains as ferric oxide. Thereafter, water leaching was conducted to extract the valuable metals sulfate for recovery. The recovery rates of zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium and iron were 92.4%, 93.3%, 99.3%, 91.4% and 1.1%, respectively. A leaching toxicity test for ZLR was performed after water leaching. The results indicated that the final residue was effectively detoxified and all of the heavy metal leaching concentrations were under the allowable limit.     

Increasing silver leaching rate from leaching-resistant zinc residues by thiourea leaching method with pressurized preoxidation process

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Technological mineralogy and environmental activity of zinc leaching residue from zinc hydrometallurgical process

Chemical, physical, structural and morphological properties of zinc leaching residue were examined by the combination of various detection means such as AAS, XRF, XRD, Mössbauer spectrometry, SEM-EDS, TG-DSC, XPS and FTIR. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was used to investigate the environmental activity of zinc leaching residue for a short contact time. The phase composition analysis indicated that the zinc leaching residue mainly consists of super refined flocculent particles including zinc ferrite, sulfate and silicate. The physical structural analysis showed that it has a thermal instability and strong water absorption properties. The results of TCLP indicated that the amounts of Zn and Cd in the leaching solution exceed 40 and 90 times of limit, respectively, which demonstrate that this residue is unstable in weak acidic environment for a short contact time.     

微波加热碳热还原铁酸锌的动力学及热力学

研究550-950°C下微波加热配碳还原焙烧分解铁酸锌生成ZnO和Fe3O4/FeO的工艺及机理。利用HSC热力学软件对铁酸锌分解的热力学温度进行计算,并利用碳气化控制、化学控制及扩散控制模型研究样品中铁酸锌分解的动力学行为。分析微波功率、反应温度、配碳比和时间对铁酸锌分解率的影响。结果表明：在微波加热温度750°C,C/ZnFe2O4质量比为1：3,粒径74~89μm,微波功率1.2 kW的条件下,被还原的铁酸锌样品经过浸出后,Zn的回收率可以高达97.93%。通过采用不同的动力学模型对分解动力学进行测试。结果表明：碳气化控制机制是良好的机制。碳气化反应的活化能为38.21 kJ/mol。     

Kinetics of simultaneous leaching of Ag and Pb from hydrometallurgical zinc residues by chloride

The leaching kinetics of silver and lead simultaneously from zinc residue by chloride was investigated.The effects of stirring speed,temperature,sodium chloride concentration,particle size and liquid/solid ratio on Ag and Pb dissolution in sodium chloride were studied.It was determined that the dissolution rates increased with increasing sodium chloride concentration,temperature and decreasing particle size.The dissolution kinetics followed a shrinking core model,with inter-diffusion through gangue layer as the rate determining step.This finding is in accordance with the apparent activation energy(Ea)of 26.8 kJ.mol-1(Ag)and 26.5 kJ.mo1-1(Pb),and a linear relationship between the rate constant and the reciprocal of squared particle size.The orders of reaction with respect to sodium chloride concentration,temperature and particle size were also achieved.The rate of reaction based on diffusion-controlled process can be expressed by semi-empirical equations.     

预浸-氰化浸出回收湿法炼锌渣中的银和金

某冶炼厂的锌浸出渣中银勘布粒度细,含银、金分别为381.3、1.02 g/t,可采用预浸-预浸渣氰化浸出工艺回收。重点研究了预浸条件对银、金浸出效率的影响。条件实验表明,药剂A比酸浸、氨浸具有更好的预浸效果;最佳预浸条件为药剂A浓度200 g/L、浸出液固比2:1、在50℃浸出3 h。综合条件实验得到的预浸渣渣率为66.2%,金、银的氰化浸出回收率分别为85.7%、92.9%。     

Isothermal reduction kinetics of zinc calcine under carbon monoxide

The reduction kinetics of zinc calcine under a CO atmosphere was evaluated by isothermal reductive roasting in a temperature range of 600−800 °C. The extent of reaction of zinc calcine was measured using thermogravimetry (TG), and the decomposition mechanism of zinc ferrite in zinc calcine was analyzed based on variations in the soluble zinc and ferrous contents. The results indicate that the reaction was controlled by the nucleation of the products, with an apparent activation energy of 65.28 kJ/mol. The partial pressure of CO affected the reaction rate more strongly than the CO intensity (defined as P_CO/(P_CO+P_CO2)). The generation rate of zinc oxide was higher than that of ferrous oxide; therefore, the nucleation of ferrous oxide is the rate-determining step of the reaction.     

锌浸出渣中重金属的环境活性和生态风险评价

采用矿物学分析、BCR三步连续浸提、动态淋洗实验以及Hakanson潜在生态风险评价4种方法对锌浸出渣重金属的环境活性以及生态风险进行评价.结果表明,锌浸出渣中重金属的环境活性大小依次为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞As＞Pb.废渣中主要重金属的潜在生态风险评价表明,该种废渣对环境具有很高的生态风险,单个重金属的生态危害顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞As＞Pb.Cd有很严重的生态风险,是对生态环境造成毒性的主要原因.