生物标记用发光材料研究现状

综述了生物标记用发光材料研究进展及其应用现状,对各种材料的特点进行了分析,指出以绿色荧光蛋白等为代表的荧光材料将是未来生物标记的主流.     

福建物构所稀土上转换荧光生物标记材料研究取得新进展

正与传统的分子荧光标记材料(如荧光染料)相比,稀土上转换纳米发光材料不仅化学稳定性高、荧光寿命长、潜在生物毒性低,而且由于采用近红外光源激发具有较大的光穿透深度、无生物组织自荧光以及对生物组织几乎无损伤等显著优点,在荧光生物检测和成像等领域具有重要的应用前景。目前上转换纳米荧光标记材料发展的瓶颈问题是其量子产率低。提高上转换发光效率、探索新型高效的上转换纳米荧光标记材料一直是人们关注的焦点与努力的目标,也是该类材料能否获得实际应用的关键。在国家自然科学基金杰出青年和促进海峡两岸科技合作联合基金、科技部863计划和重大科学仪器开     

用于生物标记的半导体量子点研究

半导体量子点的独特光学性质使之成为理想的荧光探针材料，在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景．本文评述了目前量子点合成、表面修饰、结合生物分子的方法，以及半导体量子点在生物标记应用中相对于传统有机染料的优点．     

两种铀配合物对生物分子的荧光标记性质研究

选用2种铀配合物分别与4种典型的生物分子多巴胺(DA)、抗坏血酸(AA)、尿酸(UA)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用,采用荧光分光光度计进行荧光标记性质测试,研究铀配合物对4种生物分子的荧光标记性质。结果表明,4种生物分子对铀配合物的荧光发光产生了一定影响,在不同浓度梯度的生物分子中,浓度越大对铀配合物荧光强度的影响也越大;随着生物分子浓度的增大,出现了荧光猝灭现象,这2种铀配合物可以作为生物分子的荧光探针。为铀配合物在生物分子荧光标记研究方面的应用提供了一定的依据。     

荧光碳纳米粒子的制备及其在细胞标记中的应用

在生物医学领域,对细胞、生物分子进行染色、修饰标记和检测一直是生物医学分析的重要内容.近年来,纳米材料与生物检测技术的结合,使得生物分子的检测有了重要的发展.用30%H2O2/ACOH(V∶V=2∶1)混合氧化性酸溶液回流蜡烛烟炱制备得到荧光碳纳米粒子,用不同浓度的荧光碳纳米粒子对Hela细胞进行荧光标记,在激光共聚焦...     

上转换发光材料在不同防伪领域的研究进展Q

稀土上转换纳米粒子(UCNPs)能够吸收低能量的近红外光并转换为高能量的紫外或可见光,具有自体发光背景低、发光颜色可调、荧光寿命长和光稳定性好等优异的光学性能,还具有可加工性高、表面功能化便捷等特点,已成为荧光防伪技术的研究前沿和研究热点,应用前景广泛.该文综述了UCNPs的发光机制和制备方法,阐述了近年来其在标签、图案、编码等荧光防伪领域应用的相关研究成果.进一步地探讨了UCNPs在荧光防伪领域应用上所存在的问题和面临的挑战,提出了未来可能的发展方向.     

上转换发光材料在不同防伪领域的研究进展Q

稀土上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）能够吸收低能量的红外光并转换为高能量的紫外或可见光,其具有自体发光背景低、发光颜色可调、荧光寿命长和光稳定性好等优异的光学性能,此外,其还具有可加工性高、表面功能化便捷等特点,因而如今已经成为了荧光防伪技术的研究前沿和研究热点,应用前景十分广泛。本文综述了UCNPs的发光机制和一系列制备方法并分析优缺点,阐述了近年来其在标签、图案、编码等荧光防伪领域应用的相关优秀研究成果。进一步地,还探讨了UCNPs在荧光防伪领域应用上所存在的问题和面临的挑战,提出了未来可能的发展方向。     

日本开发出发光氧化锌纳米粒子

日本岛根大学于2008年11月18日宣布，开发出一种在光线照射下能发出荧光的氧化锌纳米粒子，所开发的氧化锌纳米粒子发光稳定且安全，可应用于尖端医疗领域。岛根大学中村守彦教授领导的研究小组合成了直径约10nm的氧化锌微粒，通过特殊处理使微粒具备荧光物质的特性。这种纳米粒子发光比较稳定，发光时间可持续24h以上，但生产成本不到绿色荧光蛋白的1％。     

新型氧化锆基质标记材料研发成功

近日，中国科学院大连化物所袁景利等人在纳米稀土荧光生物标记材料的制备与生化分析应用研究工作中，成功地研制出一系列粒径在25～55nm的硅胶基质搀杂型纳米稀土荧光生物标记材料、表面带有活性氨基的搀杂型(或共价键合型)纳米稀土荧光生物标记材料及氧化锆基质的搀杂型纳米稀土荧光生物标记材料。     

水热法制备细胞标记用CdSe半导体量子点材料

介绍了水热合成CdSe半导体纳米晶的工艺,调节反应温度及时间有助于加速CdSe纳米晶的生长,使其荧光产率得到显著提高;在一定的初始条件下,随着纳米晶核长大,产物的荧光产率单调增至极值然后逐渐下降;CdSe荧光产率的最大值与反应温度关系密切。实验利用1-乙基–1-3-(3-二甲基氨基-丙基)–碳化二亚胺将所制备的CdSe与转铁蛋白偶联成生物探针,成功标记了人肺腺癌细胞。     

纳米生物标记技术研究进展

从量子点的光学特征、制备、核/壳结构的意义、量子点荧光标记物的优越性、量子点标记生物分子后在单个细胞及临床组织样品检测中的应用等方面综述了量子点在生命科学领域的研究进展。     

Transient Fluorescence Labeling: Low Affinity—High Benefits

Fluorescent labeling is an established method for visualizing cellular structures and dynamics. The fundamental diffraction limit in image resolution was recently bypassed with the development of super-resolution microscopy. Notably, both localization microscopy and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy impose tight restrictions on the physico-chemical properties of labels. One of them—the requirement for high photostability—can be satisfied by transiently interacting labels: a constant supply of transient labels from a medium replenishes the loss in the signal caused by photobleaching. Moreover, exchangeable tags are less likely to hinder the intrinsic dynamics and cellular functions of labeled molecules. Low-affinity labels may be used both for fixed and living cells in a range of nanoscopy modalities. Nevertheless, the design of optimal labeling and imaging protocols with these novel tags remains tricky. In this review, we highlight the pros and cons of a wide variety of transiently interacting labels. We further discuss the state of the art and future perspectives of low-affinity labeling methods.     

纳米微粒／聚丙烯复合材料的流变学研究进展

总结了有机纳米微粒和无机纳米微粒改性聚丙烯复合材料的流变学研究,并对纳米微粒改善复合材料的流变学性能进行了综述。纳米微粒的加入在提高复合材料力学性能的同时,能够改善复合材料的流变学性能,对材料的成型加工具有一定的指导意义。     

发光稀土配合物材料的研究现状与进展

稀土资源有广阔的应用前景,稀土发光配合物材料是目前稀土材料研究的主要内容,也是发光材料研究的热点。本文综述了目前发光稀土配合物材料的研究现状,重点概述了以Eu(Ⅲ)、Tb(Ⅲ)为中心离子的发光稀土配合物杂化材料的研究热点,分析了未来荧光稀土配合物材料研究面临的挑战,展望了发光稀土材料发展的方向。     

Amino Acid‐Selective Segmental Isotope Labeling of Multidomain Proteins for Structural Biology

Current solution NMR techniques enable structural investigations of proteins in molecular particles with sizes up to several hundred kDa. However, the large molecular weight of proteins in such systems results in increased numbers of NMR signals, and the resulting spectral overlap typically imposes limitations. For multidomain proteins, segmental isotope labeling of individual domains facilitates the spectral interpretation by reducing the number of signals, but for large domains with small signal dispersion, signal overlap can persist. To overcome limitations arising from spectral overlap, we present a strategy that combines cell‐free expression and ligation of the expressed proteins to produce multidomain proteins with selective amino acid‐type labeling in individual domains. The bottleneck of intrinsically low cell‐free expression yields of precursor molecules was overcome by introducing new fusion constructs that allowed milligram production of ligation‐competent domains labeled in one or multiple amino acid types. Ligation‐competent unlabeled partner domains were produced in vivo, and subsequent domain ligation was achieved by using an on‐column strategy. This approach is illustrated with two multidomain RNA‐binding proteins, that is, the two C‐terminal RNA‐recognition motifs of the human polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein, and two highly homologous helix–turn–helix domains of the human glutamyl‐prolyl‐tRNA synthetase.     

单糖荧光传感器的研究进展

糖既是维持生命正常运转的重要物质基础,又是重要的生物信息分子。荧光传感器对单糖的特异性识别或标记引起了研究者的广泛兴趣。本文综述了近几年来出现的葡萄糖、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺、果糖、岩藻糖以及N-乙酰甘露糖胺和N-乙酰半乳糖胺等6种单糖的荧光传感器的研究进展,对每种单糖对应的荧光传感器的荧光强度变化机理及其检测原理进行了详细介绍,并对单糖荧光传感器的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Labeling of Phosphatidylinositol Lipid Products in Cells through Metabolic Engineering by Using a Clickable myo-Inositol Probe

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids control critical biological processes, so aberrant biosynthesis often leads to disease. As a result, the capability to track the production and localization of these compounds in cells is vital for elucidating their complex roles. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and application of clickable myo-inositol probe 1 a for bioorthogonal labeling of PI products. To validate this platform, we initially conducted PI synthase assays to show that 1 a inhibits PI production in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy experiments next showed probe-dependent imaging in T-24 human bladder cancer and Candida albicans cells. Growth studies in the latter showed that replacement of myo-inositol with probe 1 a led to an enhancement in cell growth. Finally, fluorescence-based TLC analysis and mass spectrometry experiments support the labeling of PI lipids. This approach provides a promising means for tracking the complex biosynthesis and trafficking of these lipids in cells.     

An Azide‐Modified Nucleoside for Metabolic Labeling of DNA

Metabolic incorporation of azido nucleoside analogues into living cells can enable sensitive detection of DNA replication through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) “click” reactions. One major limitation to this approach is the poor chemical stability of nucleoside derivatives containing an aryl azide group. For example, 5‐azido‐2′‐deoxyuridine (AdU) exhibits a 4 h half‐life in water, and it gives little or no detectable labeling of cellular DNA. In contrast, the benzylic azide 5‐(azidomethyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (AmdU) is stable in solution at 37 °C, and it gives robust labeling of cellular DNA upon addition of fluorescent alkyne derivatives. In addition to providing the first examples of metabolic incorporation into and imaging of azide groups in cellular DNA, these results highlight the general importance of assessing azide group stability in bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategies.