玻璃短纤维增强树脂基复合材料的单轴时间相关棘轮行为实验研究

对玻璃短纤维增强树脂基复合材料(短纤维体积分数：28%,40%)的室温单轴循环棘轮行为进行了实验研究,讨论了复合材料在不同加载条件下的棘轮变形特征。结果表明：该复合材料在宏观层次上表现出与基体相类似的棘轮变形规律,即在非对称应力循环下也将产生明显的棘轮变形,并随应力幅值和平均应力的增加而增加;树脂基复合材料的棘轮行为具有明显的时间相关特性,棘轮应变值依赖于应力率和峰值保持时间。在建立玻璃短纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂基复合材料棘轮行为的本构模型时必须考虑基体的黏性变形特征。     

碳纤维增强PEEK树脂基复合材料的单轴时相关循环特性实验研究

通过对碳纤维/PEEK复合材料(纤维体积分数30%)的单调拉伸、 应力控制循环、 应变控制循环实验, 对该材料的应力、 应变循环特性以及棘轮行为的率相关、 时相关特性进行了系统的研究。研究表明: 与PEEK树脂基体材料相比, 加入碳纤维使材料的抗蠕变性能有所提高。在应变控制循环实验中, 响应应力幅值与应变加载速率和应变加载幅值密切相关; 在应力松弛效应的影响下, 响应应力幅值随着应变峰值保持时间的增加而减小。室温下, 碳纤维/PEEK复合材料在非对称应力循环中产生明显的棘轮应变, 并且对加载应力幅值和平均应力具有明显的依赖性, 此外, 当在较低的加载速率和具有一定峰值保持时间情况下, 棘轮应变显著增强。      

SiCP/ 6061Al 合金复合材料的高温单轴棘轮行为及其时间相关特性

对T6 热处理后的SiC_P / 6061Al 合金复合材料的高温(300 ℃) 单轴应变循环特性和棘轮行为进行了实验研究, 讨论了具有两种颗粒体积分数的复合材料在高温下不同加载条件时的循环软/ 硬化特性和棘轮行为特征。实验研究表明: 颗粒增强金属基复合材料宏观上表现出与金属材料相类似的应变循环特性和棘轮变形规律, 即复合材料在非对称应力循环下也将产生一定的棘轮变形, 并随应力幅值和平均应力的增加而增加; 颗粒的引入使复合材料抵抗棘轮变形的能力增强, 棘轮变形随颗粒体积分数的升高而下降; 在高温下棘轮行为体现出明显的时间相关特性, 即棘轮应变值明显依赖于加载率和峰值保持时间, 并具有明显的蠕变-棘轮交互作用。在对该类复合材料的棘轮行为进行本构描述时必须考虑复合材料的微结构特征、加载条件以及时间效应等的影响。      

聚碳酸酯的单轴棘轮行为研究

在常温常湿下,对聚碳酸酯(PC)材料进行了一系列单轴应变循环和非对称应力循环实验。讨论了PC材料在不同加载水平、加载历史、应力率和峰值保持时间下的循环变形特征。结果表明:PC材料在应变循环过程中体现出了一定程度的循环软化特性,其响应应力幅值在应变循环中随着循环周次的增加而下降,但不是很明显;PC材料在非对称应力循环加载过程中产生明显的棘轮行为,棘轮应变随着平均应力和应力幅值的增加而增加,并且平均应力的影响大于应力幅值的影响;加载历史对于棘轮变形行为的影响较为明显,但对应变循环特性影响不大;PC材料的棘轮变形随着应力率的减小和峰值保持时间的增加而增加,体现明显的时相关性。     

1Cr18Ni9不锈钢高温单轴时相关棘轮行为研究

在室温、250℃、500℃和650℃四种温度下对1Cr18Ni9不锈钢材料的单轴应变循环特性及其时相关棘轮行为进行了实验研究,以讨论不同加载速率、加载波形和峰值应力保持时间对材料棘轮行为的影响。实验结果表明:在室温下,材料呈现出弱的循环软化特性和渐进型棘轮变形行为,并对加载速率和峰值应力保持时间具有强烈依赖性;在250℃、650℃下,因材料的循环硬化加快而使其棘轮行为较快趋于安定,但棘轮变形大小仍一定程度依赖于加载速率和保持时间;在500℃温度下则由于动态应变时效的影响没有明显的棘轮行为发生。研究得到一些有助于后续建立时相关本构模型的结论。     

不饱和聚酯树脂的单轴应变循环特性和棘轮行为实验研究

在室温下,对不饱和聚酯树脂进行了单轴应变控制和应力控制的循环实验研究。讨论了应变幅值对该树脂应变循环特性的影响以及应力幅值、平均应力、应力率、峰值保持时间对其棘轮行为的影响。结果表明:不饱和聚酯树脂在室温下基本上是循环稳定材料,即响应应力幅值在应变循环中基本上不随循环周次而发生变化;在非对称应力循环下,其棘轮行为不仅受平均应力、应力幅值的影响,还受应力率和峰值保持时间的影响,体现出明显的时间相关性。     

循环软化材料单轴时相关循环变形行为的实验研究

在室温下,对循环软化材料(调质42CrMo钢)的单轴时相关应变循环特性和时相关棘轮行为进行了实验研究。揭示了材料在不同加载速率、不同峰/谷值保持时间以及不同加载波形(三角波和正弦波)下的循环软化特性和棘轮行为特性。结果表明,在室温下,材料的循环软化和棘轮变形行为均体现出明显的时相关效应:其循环变形行为不仅依赖于加载速率,而且还明显依赖于保持时间以及加载波形的形状。研究有助于后续建立循环软化材料时相关循环本构模型。     

中碳贝氏体钢的室温单轴循环变形行为研究

为了了解中碳贝氏体钢支承辊的接触疲劳失效机制,对中碳贝氏体钢材料在室温单轴循环加载下的应变循环特性和棘轮行为进行了实验研究。讨论了材料的循环软/硬化特性及其对单轴棘轮行为的影响,同时揭示了该材料棘轮行为的平均应力、应力幅值及其加载历史的依赖性。实验研究表明:材料的循环软/硬化特性具有明显的应变幅值依赖性,进而导致材料在不同的应力水平下出现不同的棘轮行为。研究得到了一些有助于该类材料循环变形行为本构描述的结论。     

LZ50钢真应力控制下单轴棘轮行为的实验研究

室温下对LZ50钢进行了系统的单轴应变控制和应力控制循环实验,揭示了材料的应变循环特性,讨论了平均应力、应力幅值、应力比及加载波形对材料棘轮行为的影响,重点比较和分析了传统的名义应力控制与改进的真应力控制模式下材料棘轮演变的异同点。结果表明:LZ50钢的变形行为没有明显的率相关性,并可视为循环稳定材料;真应力控制下产生的棘轮应变和棘轮应变率均小于名义应力控制下的结果,且两种控制方式对棘轮变形的影响与总的变形程度有关;棘轮应变随着平均应力和应力幅值的增大表现出单调上升的趋势,但不随应力比单调变化。     

AZ91D室温环境棘轮及其低周疲劳行为

通过AZ91D室温环境应力控制下的低周疲劳试验,对铸造镁合金棘轮及其低周疲劳行为进行了研究,讨论了室温环境下材料的应力循环特性、棘轮行为、塑性应变范围、全应变范围等疲劳参量随载荷水平和加载历史的变化规律,同时基于平均应力修正对材料的应力-寿命曲线进行了讨论。研究结果表明:AZ91D在室温环境下的应力循环呈循环硬化,材料的棘轮行为和塑性应变范围、全应变范围等疲劳参量依赖于载荷水平和加载历史,另外考虑平均应力修正后的应力-寿命曲线预测效果有明显改观。     

Experimental Study on Uniaxial and Multiaxial Strain Cyclic Characteristics and Ratcheting of 316L Stainless Steel

An experimental study was carried out on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. The strain cyclic characteristics were researched under the strain-controlled uniaxial tension-compression and multiaxial circular paths of loading. The ratcheting tests were conducted for the stress-controlled uniaxial tension-compression and multiaxial circular, rhombic and linear paths of loading with different mean stresses, stress amplitudes and histories. The experiment results show that 316L stainless steel features the cyclic hardening, and its strain cyclic characteristics depend on the strain amplitude and its history apparently. The ratcheting of 316L stainless steel depends greatly on the Values of mean stress, stress amplitude and their histories. In the meantime, the shape of load path and its history also apparently influence the ratcheting.     

Uniaxial ratchetting of polymer and polymer matrix composites: Time-dependent experimental observations

The uniaxial time-dependent ratchetting of polyester resin and glass fiber reinforced polyester resin matrix composites was observed by the stress-controlled cyclic tension–compression with non-zero tensile mean stress and tension–tension tests at room temperature. After the ratchetting of the polyester resin had been observed by the cyclic tests with different loading conditions including some time-related factors, such as stress rate and peak stress hold, the ratchetting evolutions of the continuous and short glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites were also investigated by the stress-controlled cyclic tests, respectively. It is concluded that: both the polyester resin and its composites present apparent ratchetting deformation, i.e., the ratchetting strain accumulates progressively in the tensile direction during the cyclic tension–compression with non-zero tensile mean stress and tension–tension tests; the ratchetting depends on the applied stress amplitude, mean stress, stress rate and peak stress hold, and the time-dependent ratchetting is obvious even for the continuous glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites with high fiber volume fraction (such as 40% and 50%); the time-dependent ratchetting of the polyester resin and its composites mainly stems from the viscosity of the polyester resin, while the addition of glass fiber into the resin matrix improves the resistance of the composites to the ratchetting deformation and lowers the time-dependence of the ratchetting simultaneously.     

Numerical simulation cyclic creep effect according to uniaxial loading programs

We present results of a numerical simulation of the effect of cyclic creep (ratcheting) with different programs of stress-controlled uniaxial asymmetrical loading of two metallic materials with different cyclic properties. An improvement of the kinematic hardening rule in the cyclic plasticity model on the basis of defining equations of the endochronic theory of plasticity is proposed. It has been shown that the proposed model allows one to describe with satisfactory accuracy the kinetics of the stress-strain state of specimens under low-cycle asymmetrical loading on the basis of the minimum number of basic experiments.     

McDowell模型改进及1070钢棘轮效应的预测

利用McDowell 模型对1070 钢比例和非比例循环加载条件下的棘轮效应进行了预测,通过对McDowell模型的修正,为McDowell 模型中的单轴参数Ai引入了与塑性应变累积相关的演化方程,改进后的McDowell 模型能精确的预测具有拉压平均应力的单轴棘轮效应,具有平均应力的拉扭比例加载,常轴向应力的扭转循环,非比例循环载荷以及多重步骤加载条件下单轴平均应力变化的棘轮效应,改进的模型对较大循环数的棘轮效应也能给予较好的描述。     

Experimental Study on Non—proportional Multiaxial Strain Cyclic Characteristics and Ratcheting of U71Mn Rail Steel

An experimental study was carried out on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of U71Mn rail steel subjected to non-proportional multiaxial cyclic loading.The strain cyclic characteristics were researached under the strain-controlled circular load path.The ratcheting was investigated for the stress-controlled multiaxial circular,elliptical and rhombic load paths with different mean stresses,stress amplitudes and their histories.The experiment shows that U71Mn rail steel features the cyclic non-hardening/softening, and its strain cyclic characteristics depend greatly on the strain amplitude but slightly on its history.However,the ratcheting of U71Mn rail steel depends greatly not only on the values of mean stress and stress amplitude,but also on their histories.In the meantime,the shape of load path and its history also apparently influence the ratcheting.The ratcheting changes with the different loading paths.     

Experimental Study on the Uniaxial Cyclic Deformation of 25CDV4.11 Steel

The strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting behavior of 25CDV4.11 steel were studied by the experiments under uniaxial cyclic loading with relatively high cyclic number and at room temperature. The cyclic hardening/softening feature of the material was first observed under the uniaxial strain cycling with various strain amplitudes. Then, the ratcheting behavior of the material was researched in detail, and the effects of stress amplitude and mean stress on the ratcheting were discussed under uniaxial asymmetrical stress cycling. Comparing with the experimental results of SS316L stainless steel, it is concluded that the material exhibits remarkable cyclic softening feature, and then a special ratcheting behavior is caused. Some conclusions useful to establish corresponding constitutive model are obtained.