碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板冲击损伤模式的试验研究

针对两种典型的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（T300/5405和T700/5428）层压板进行不同能量水平的落锤冲击试验,通过对冲击后试样的外部损伤形态、内部损伤情况等的检测以及纤维/树脂微观界面剪切强度的检测,讨论了两种碳纤维复合材料层压板的冲击损伤模式。试验结果表明,当冲击载荷达到一定程度时:在T300/5405体系中,由于T300纤维拉伸强度相对较低,纤维所受作用率先达到破坏载荷,因而冲击损伤表现出以穿透性为主的破坏特征;在T700/5428体系中,由于T700纤维拉伸强度较高,尽管其微观界面剪切强度略高,但是由于冲击载荷未使纤维达到破坏载荷时已使T700/5428界面率先遭到破坏,因此表现出以分层为主的破坏特征。     

声发射方法测定SiCw／Al复合材料的界面强度

对ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料形变断裂过程中的声发射（ＡＥ）特征的研究表明，用ＡＥ技术能准确测定ＳｉＣ纤维的断裂次数，并能测定其断枝长度，从而测定了纤维和基体间的界面强度和ＳｉＣ纤维的断裂强度。     

SiC纤维增强高温合金复合材料可行性分析

SiC纤维增强金属基复合材料因耐高温、低密度等特点,在航空航天领域逐渐推广。为进一步提高SiC纤维增强金属基复合材料的使用温度,国内外开始尝试将SiC纤维与高温合金进行复合,以期发挥两者的优点,获得性能更加优良的高温结构材料。但SiC纤维增强高温合金复合材料发展缓慢,诸多尝试均未取得突破性的成功,界面问题是制约该类材料发展的"瓶颈"。虽然在克服界面反应方面也采取了诸多尝试,但该问题并未获得实质性的解决,因此有必要从根源入手对SiC纤维增强高温合金复合材料这一研究方向的可行性进行探讨。本文采用资料研究和实验研究相结合的方式,从SiC纤维增强高温合金复合材料的发展历史、界面反应问题的解决方案、SiC与高温合金界面反应的本质等几个方面逐层展开、一一论述,对SiC纤维增强高温合金复合材料的可行性进行阐述和分析。     

碳纤维复合涂层在高压脉冲电场下的杀菌性能研究

目的研究海洋环境下高压脉冲电场对微生物污损的抑制效果和机理。方法采用刷涂法制备碳纤维/环氧防腐涂料复合涂层,研究碳纤维长度和含量对复合涂层的介电性能和表面能的影响以及碳纤维复合涂层在高压脉冲电场作用下的杀菌性能。结果高频电场下,碳纤维长度和含量是影响复合涂层介电性能的主要因素,随着电场强度、频率在设定范围内增加,涂层的杀菌率显著增大;而随占空比的增大,涂层的杀菌率呈先增后减最后趋于平缓的趋势,占空比为0.5时涂层的杀菌率最高达99.8%。结论掺杂0.1%(质量分数)5 mm碳纤维的复合涂层介电性能优良。高压脉冲电场对细菌具有良好杀灭效果,涂层的杀菌率最高可达99.97%。     

SiC纤维增强Ti基复合材料的制备及性能

用纤维涂层法制备了SCS－6DSiC/Ti－10－2－3复合材料，测定了所制备复合材料的拉伸性能，分析了影响复合材料力学性能的因素。研究表明，磁控溅射可获得与靶材化学成分基本一致的纤维涂层。复合材料中纤维分布的均匀性、涂层中的氧含量及纤维／基体处的元素扩散与界面反应对复合材料力学性能有较大影响。     

等离子喷涂纳米SiCp/FeS复合涂层的摩擦学性能

用等离子喷涂法成功制备了SiCp/FeS复合涂层,SiC颗粒尺寸为纳米级,均匀分布于FeS基体,涂层和40Cr钢基体结合良好.研究了FeS涂层和SiCp/FeS复合涂层的摩擦学性能.结果表明,SiCp/FeS复合涂层兼具优良的减摩性能和耐磨性能.在干摩擦条件下,掺入质量分数为0.2和0.3的纳米SiC颗粒时,摩擦系数和FeS涂层接近,但表面磨损体积显著降低,降幅可达1个数量级;油润滑条件下,SiCp/FeS复合涂层的摩擦系数低于FeS涂层,复合涂层具有比FeS涂层更佳的减摩性能.     

钨丝直径对锆基复合非晶材料穿甲性能的影响

针对4种不同直径钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料弹芯,在(1270±40)m/s撞击速度,开展了侵彻均质半无限装甲钢板实验研究,并与普通钨合金进行了对比。研究发现,在相同的制备工艺条件下,钨丝直径对该复合材料弹芯侵彻效果影响较大,主要表现:(1)在理想侵彻的条件下,钨丝直径对该种材料的侵彻性能影响较大,弹丸侵彻深度和钨丝直径关系曲线是凸的,Φ0.7 mm钨丝方案丸侵彻深度最大,最大侵彻深度为55 mm,相对于钨合金材料威力提高了25%,其根本原因是Φ0.7 mm钨丝方案在侵彻过程中呈现与铀合金类似的绝热剪切破坏特征,弹坑底部呈现90o的自锐角。(2)钨丝直径对弹芯在高速条件下的侵彻体头部破坏形式有着重要的影响,随着钨丝直径的增加,其头部的破坏模式随直径变化存在一个从变形+劈裂+弯曲+断裂的复合破坏模式到绝热剪切破坏演变过程,然后又从绝热剪切向复合模式破坏转变。     

SiC纤维表面去碳处理对PIP-SiCf/SiC复合材料力学性能以及界面影响

采用强度测试、SEM、HRTEM等分析测试手段对纤维表面去碳前后SiC纤维强度、复合材料力学性能、纤维表面形貌、复合材料断口形貌以及复合材料界面特征进行分析表征.结果表明,去碳处理后,纤维表面的固有缺陷暴露出来,纤维强度下降约15%,但由其制备的复合材料强度下降只有原纤维制备复合材料的1/6;复合材料断口非常平整,纤维...     

Fatigue Behavior and Damage Evolution of SiC Fiberreinforced Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Matrix Composites

研究SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料(SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V)室温疲劳行为和损伤演化机制。疲劳试验条件:载荷控制、应力比0.1和加载频率10 Hz。采用疲劳断裂试验建立最大加载应力为600~1200 MPa内SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V的S-N曲线。采用疲劳中止试验以及SEM显微分析研究应力水平对SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V疲劳损伤演化的影响。结果表明,SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V疲劳损伤萌生模式与演化过程与应力水平密切相关。在高应力水平(Smax=1000 MPa),纤维开裂是主要损伤萌生模式。一旦2或3根纤维断裂后,纤维裂纹和基体裂纹开始联接并形成宏观扩展裂纹。在中等应力水平(Smax=800 MPa),基体裂纹萌生与扩展是主要损伤模式。多条基体裂纹萌生于试样外表面棱边和离外表面附近试样内部开裂的纤维基体界面处。基体裂纹均沿垂直于加载方向扩展,且大部分纤维未断裂并纤维桥接基体裂纹。在低应力水平(Smax=600 MPa),仅在C涂层和界面反应层之间和C涂层内部观察到局部界面脱粘现象。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的结构及摩擦磨损性能

在硅酸钠-六偏磷酸钠体系中添加1.5g/LCr2O3微粒,采用直流脉冲模式在TC4钛合金表面制备了微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜;利用SEM、EDS、XRD对复合膜的微观形貌和结构进行观察分析,并研究了其在室温干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合膜的表层孔隙中填满了微小的Cr2O3颗粒,表面只能看到少量微孔;膜层中除了金红石及锐钛矿TiO2相、Al2TiO5相外,还出现了大量的Cr2O3相,且包含了一些非晶态的P、Si化合物。在相同的摩擦磨损条件下,微弧氧化Cr2O3复合膜的摩擦系数更小、磨损量更低、耐磨性也更好。在10N载荷下,复合膜只发生轻微的粘着磨损,几乎未发生磨粒磨损;在50N载荷下,复合膜的磨粒磨损有所加剧,且出现了第二相粒子流失。Cr2O3颗粒主要通过对微弧氧化膜孔隙的填充作用、载荷转移作用及弥散强化作用,来降低复合膜的摩擦系数和表面磨损量,提高其耐磨性。     

碳纤维表面改性对Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织和界面的影响

研究在碳纤维表面分别用化学法镀Ni和溶胶-凝胶法涂SiO2两种涂层,用真空压力浸渗法制备Cf/Mg复合材料.用SEM、EDS和TEM对Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织和界面特征进行分析.结果表明:无涂层的碳纤维与Mg基体浸润性较差,碳纤维在Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织巾分布不均匀,界面结合强度较弱.碳纤维表面包覆Ni或SiO2涂层改善了碳纤维与Mg基体的润湿性;包覆Ni涂层的碳纤维在Mg基体中分布均匀,并在其界面处生成金属间化合物Mg2Ni,界面为强结合;碳纤维表面的SiO2涂层与Mg进行少量的反应生成MgO和Si,界面结合好.能很好地传递载荷.     

Micromechanical modelling of deformation and failure in Ti–6Al–4V/SiC composites

The tensile behaviour and the associated fracture micromechanisms were determined in a Ti–6Al–4V alloy uniaxially reinforced with 35 vol. % Sigma 1140+SiC monofilaments. Damage in the form of fiber fracture was localized in a given section of the composite, and the critical micromechanical parameters which control the composite behavior (namely the matrix elasto-plastic response, the fiber elastic modulus and strength, the interfacial sliding resistance, and the residual stresses originated by the thermal expansion mismatch between matrix and fibers) were determined using various experimental and analytical techniques. They were used as input data to simulate the composite deformation and fracture. The composite stress–strain curve was determined by the self-consistent method. The failure locus was determined by computing the probability of nucleating clusters containing one, two, three or more broken fibers. The analysis was based on the stress concentration introduced by one fiber failure in its neighbours, which was determined from the finite element analyses of a representative volume of the composite containing one fiber break, and included the effects of matrix plasticity, residual stresses, and interfacial sliding. This result was extended to analyze the stress concentration around a cluster of broken fibers by a superposition technique. The average composite strength and the extent of damage were accurately predicted by the model when failure was dictated by the nucleation of a cluster containing two neighbour broken fibers. These results demonstrate the potential of the new model to assess the strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced composites which fail under local load sharing conditions by the unstable propagation of a cluster of broken fibers.     

涂层碳纤维增强镁基复合材料

通过溶胶-凝胶法，采用含有机添加剂的正硅酸乙酯醇溶液，经二次水解、缩聚、干燥和烧结在碳纤维表面形成均匀SiO2涂层。该涂层改善了碳纤维与镁合金基体的润湿性，实现了低压液相浸渗制备C／Mg复合材料，并提高了复合材料的阻尼性能。     

碳纤维对镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料性能的影响

研究了镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料中镀铜碳纤维对复合材料电阻、硬度和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明：在镀铜石墨-铜基复合材料中加入镀铜碳纤维可以明显地提高其抗弯强度和硬度，但对材料的电阻率作用并不明显。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化-SiC复合膜的膜层结构及摩擦磨损行为

目的通过微弧氧化共沉积工艺,获得摩擦磨损性能优良的微弧氧化-SiC复合膜。方法在硅酸钠-六偏磷酸钠-钨酸钠-多聚磷酸钠体系的微弧氧化电解液中加入2.0 g/L SiC微粒,以直流脉冲模式制备TC4钛合金微弧氧化-SiC复合膜。利用KH-7700型三维视频显微镜、XRD、SEM,对复合膜的表面、截面微观形貌和结构进行了观察分析,采用CFT-1型显微磨损试验仪检测了其在室温干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果 SiC复合膜层中的微孔数量明显少于不含SiC相的氧化膜层,复合膜表面分布着SiC相、金红石、锐钛矿TiO_2相、Al2Ti O5相以及非晶态的P、Si、W化合物。在干摩擦磨损条件下,微弧氧化-SiC复合膜的摩擦系数为0.26,比磨损率为0.72×10~(-6) mm~3/(N·m),微弧氧化-SiC复合膜只发生轻微的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。结论得到了摩擦磨损性能优良的复合膜,复合膜中的SiC新相改变了氧化膜的表面形貌,降低了复合膜的摩擦系数和磨损率。     

The CVD coating of fibers for composite materials

Among the new composite materials, fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites and ceramic-matrix composites have been given special attention for their potential uses in a variety of fields. A successful fabrication process for a fiber-reinforced composite requires that the fiber be protected, usually by a coating, during fabrication and service. The chemical vapor deposition process is a key technology for fiber coating. A survey of the current fiber coating programs seems to show that current process design in the industry is based on trial-and-error methods. New coating processes are, therefore, developed primarily by experimentation and prior experience. Ultimately, it is hoped that analytical and numerical process simulation will be used to reduce the need for costly trial-and-error process development.     

打底层对铝合金表面GLC镀层组织和摩擦学特性的影响

采用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在铝合金表面分别制备了以Cr和Al为打底层,Cr-C和A1-Cr-C为过渡层的Cr/Cr C/类石墨碳(GLC)和Al/Al-Cr-C/GLC复合镀层,并与无打底层制备GLC镀层对比,系统研究了不同镀层微观结构、膜基结合力及摩擦学性能,结果表明,铝合金基体表面Cr打底层呈柱状晶生长,Cr/C过渡层无柱状晶特征,且随过渡层增厚,富Cr区域减少,实现了成分的梯度变化:A1打底层与铝合金基体间为一个整体,没有明显界面;Al Cr-C过渡层的成分也呈梯度变化;采用不同打底层和过渡层时.GLC层均为非晶态结构.较无打底层制备GLC镀层,Cr/Cr-C/GLC和Al/Al-Cr-C/GLC复合镀层与铝合金基底间的膜基结合力显著增强,以Al为打底层的复合镀层的失效临界载荷最大.磨损实验中,在不同载荷条件下2种复合镀层均具有低的摩擦系数.     

Low-cost matrix development for an Oxide-Oxide composite

Continuous oxide fiber/oxide matrix composites are attractive for use as high temperature structural materials because they can combine composite properties with long-term oxidative stability. The development of a matrix for such a composite and prevention of matrix-fiber coating interaction is described here. The goal use temperature of this composite is 1100°C to 1200°C. The composite is being developed by the M C Consortium comprising 3M, Rockwell International, and SRI International. The composite consists of an alumina-based woven-tow fiber preform, coated with lanthanum phosphate (monazite) to promote fiber debonding and pullout, in an oxide matrix derived from a preceramic-polymer slurry filled with active and inert powders. This approach to the matrix enables conventional polymer matrix composite technology to be used in composite part fabrication. Only one infiltration of the matrix is required, a critical factor in keeping the cost low.     

Thermal Shock Properties of a 2D-C/SiC Composite Prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration

The thermal shock properties of a two-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite with a multilayered self-healing coating (2D-C/SiC) were investigated in air. The composite was prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor infiltration. 2D-C/SiC specimens were thermally shocked for different cycles between 900 and 300 °C. The thermal shock resistance was characterized by residual tensile properties and mass variation. The change of the surface morphology and microstructural evolution of the composite were examined by a scanning electron microscope. In addition, the phase evolution on the surfaces was identified using an X-ray diffractometer. It is found that the composite retains its tensile strength within 20 thermal shock cycles. However, the modulus of 2D-C/SiC decreases gradually with increasing thermal shock cycles. Extensive pullout of fibers on the fractured surface and peeling off of the coating suggest that the damage caused by the thermal shock involves weakening of the bonding strength of coating/composite and fiber/matrix. In addition, the carbon fibers in the near-surface zone were oxidized through the matrix cracks, and the fiber/matrix interfaces delaminated when the composite was subjected to a larger number of thermal shock cycles.     

基于晶体微观有限元方法的多相复合涂层高温摩擦应力场模拟

对高温摩擦磨损工况下多相复合涂层的热-力耦合应力场的模拟研究尚不充分。基于Voronoi多边形建立NiCr-Cr₃C₂-CaF₂/BaF₂多相复合涂层的晶体微观有限元模型,模拟复合涂层中各相的占比、分布形态和热-力学参数,求解得到热-力耦合工况下的von Mises应力和第一主应力分布。结果表明：在高温摩擦工况下,多相复合涂层的应力显著高于均匀涂层,尤其是在硬质相尖端附近易产生局部高应力区域,改善相的形态将锐角钝化能够有效缓解局部高应力现象;热-力耦合应力场与黏结相和硬质相的弹性模量密切相关,通过调节各相模量能够有效调控复合涂层的Mises应力和拉应力值。基于微观有限元方法的热-力耦合应力场模拟可为高温摩擦磨损工况下多相复合涂层的优化设计提供理论依据。