涂覆长旋转椭球散射场的解析解及其远场双站散射截面计算

利用长旋转椭球矢量波函数和涂覆椭球表面的阻抗边界条件，给出了平面电磁波沿主轴方向入射时涂时涂覆长旋转椭球散射场的解析表达式及其远场双站散截面的计算公式和计算结果。本文的主要结论：不仅几种典型形状理想导体目标对平面电磁的散射场可用解析公式表示，这些形状的涂覆目标的散射场也可用解析公式表示。     

左手媒质的阻抗边界条件

从Maxwell方程出发,研究了平面波入射到空气和左手媒质的分界面上时,界面附近的电磁场,并将电场和磁场的关系表示为阻抗边界条件表达式,然后与右手媒质的阻抗边界条件进行对比,指出其形式上的统一和计算公式的区别。在此基础上,对多层媒质引用传输线法进行分析,并采用其给出的多层媒质的反射系数计算公式,计算了多层媒质内包含左手媒质时的表面反射系数,并对多层媒质包含左手媒质和右手媒质的情形进行了对比,研究了其反射系数幅度和相位的异同。最后将边界条件应用到阻抗半平面的散射场的计算中,探讨了平面波入射到单面涂敷左手媒质的阻抗半平面上时的散射场,并对场的计算公式作了简单分析。     

结合谱积分加速法的前后向迭代法数值计算分形粗糙介质面的双站散射和透射

本文发展结合谱积分加速法(SAA)的前后向迭代法(FBM),数值模拟电磁波低掠角入射下任意大小的介电常数分形粗糙面的双站散射.将电场和磁场积分方程的阻抗系数阵,按面上场与电流未知量分类排序,形成四个子矩阵.对每个子矩阵通过FBM/SAA快速消元得到其对角线元素组成的新两元系数阵,再通过FBM/SAA迭代计算该两元系数阵的场和面电流.本方法的计算量和内存均与粗糙面离散剖分产生的未知量同量级(O(N)).本文数值计算了TE、TM锥形波入射下任意大小介电常数分形粗糙面的双站散射和透射,并讨论了计算效率与能量守恒,角度性起伏与分数维的关系.     

张量人工阻抗单元的阻抗计算及应用

提出了一种张量人工阻抗单元的表面阻抗分析计算方法,主要对矩形形状单元的表面阻抗开展了研究。通过仿真软件Ansys-HFSS提取了人工阻抗单元表面的入射散射场,再利用等效传输线技术计算出表面的张量阻抗。利用张量阻抗与表面场的关系,给出了人工阻抗单元的标量阻抗与传播方向的关系,验证了计算的准确性。最后作为实例,设计了一种基于张量阻抗单元的圆极化全息天线,天线具有较好的圆极化特性,增益大于21 dB。     

柱坐标系中阻抗劈表面的精确阻抗边界条件

本文首先给出一般阻抗面上的精确阻抗边界条件，然后把它应用到阻抗劈劈面上，结合麦克斯韦方程，考虑平面波相对阻抗劈边缘垂直入射和斜入射两种情况，导出了柱坐标系中阻抗劈表面以一阶偏微分方程形式表达的精确阻抗边界条件。     

电磁散射问题中的阻抗边界条件及表达阻抗

比较详细地阐述了用于电磁散射计算的阻抗边界条件，指出标准阻抗边界条件、广州义阻抗边界条件及精确阻抗边界条件的应用范围，讨论了表面阻抗的各种表示式，上述问题对散射场的计算是非常有用的。     

应用广义阻抗边界条件分析介质填充凹槽波导的散射

本文应用广义阻抗边界条件研究了二维平板结构上介质填充凹槽的散射特性。通过选择合适的系数，广义阻抗边界条件可以模拟槽内任何特征的材料．将凹槽内的介质填充层由其表面上的简单边界条件来替代，所得的积分公式可用CGFFT法求解，且对任意入射角的表面散射场能作出精确的预估。     

阻抗球涂覆均匀等离子体电磁散射的解析解

均匀无源各向异性等离子体介质中的电磁场是第一、第二类各向异性等离子体球矢量波函数的线性叠加,在阻抗球表面满足阻抗边界条件、等离子体与自由空间表面满足电磁场切向连续的边界条件,可得出各向异性等离子体涂覆阻抗球在平面波入射情况下,均匀等离子体介质中电磁场用各向异性等离子体球矢量波函数表示的系数满足的矩阵方程,进而得出散射场由球矢量波函数展开的展开系数和雷达散射截面.数值计算的结果表明:当阻抗球的半径趋于0时,其结果和均匀各向异性等离子体球对平面波的电磁散射结果相同.最后还给出了一些数值计算的结果.     

基于迭代散射算法的柱体阵列散射场分析

该文基于迭代散射算法(ISP)对柱体阵列的散射场进行分析。通过矢量柱面波函数展开,根据理想导体表面边界条件,建立柱体表面入射场与散射场的关系式。将前一次迭代时柱体阵列的近区散射场作为下一次迭代的入射场,推导出柱体阵列散射场系数间的迭代关系。通过分析不同迭代次数下2~4个柱体的散射场,确定3次迭代即可保证算法的准确度。对比数值结果表明,迭代散射算法具有与矩量法(MoM)结果同等的准确度,并具有明显优于矩量法的计算速度。     

FDTD算法的线性预测吸收边界条件

提出了一种全新的FDTD吸收边界条件——线性预测吸收边界条件(Linear Prediction Absorbing Boundary Condition——LPABC)。通过对吸收边界上的入射场进行深入的分析研究，发现在某些条件下吸收边界上的场值与入射方向上其相邻区域的场值是线性相关的，从而提出了一种利用入射方向相邻区域的场值对吸收边界上的场值进行线性预测的吸收边界条件。采用这种吸收边界条件，计算域内的场为行波场，在边界处是无反射的。此外，这种吸收边界条件不需要设置额外的吸收层，也不需要存储前一时刻的场值。最后进行了FDTD实际计算，计算结果表明LPABC吸收边界条件是有效的。     

High-order impedance boundary conditions for multilayer coated 3-Dobjects

The scattering problem by a multilayer coated three-dimensional (3-D) object where the coating is modeled by an impedance boundary condition (IBC) is considered. First, the exact boundary condition is obtained for an infinite planar coating with an arbitrary number of layers. Then, various approximations for the pseudodifferential operators involved in this exact condition are proposed. In the expressions of the resulting IBCs, all tangential derivatives of the fields of order higher than two are suppressed. These IBCs are compared, in terms of numerical efficiency, by computing either the reflection coefficients on an infinite planar metal-backed coating or the radar cross section (RCS) of a perfectly conducting coated sphere using the tangent plane approximation. In both cases, it is found that the highest order IBC models the coating with a good accuracy. Finally, some guidance is given on how this IBC may be numerically implemented in an integral equation or a finite-element formulation for an arbitrarily shaped object     

Scattering from a chirally coated DB elliptic cylinder

An exact analytic solution to the problem of scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave from a chirally coated elliptic cylinder defined by a DB boundary has been obtained, by expanding the different electromagnetic fields associated with the problem in terms of suitable elliptic vector wave functions and a set of expansion coefficients. The incident field expansion coefficients are known, but the expansion coefficients associated with the fields scattered outside the coated cylinder and the fields transmitted inside the coating are unknown. These unknown coefficients are obtained by imposing appropriate boundary conditions at the two boundaries. Results have been presented as normalized bistatic and backscattering widths for a variety of admittances, permeabilities, and permittivities of the chiral materials used for the coating, to show their effects on scattering from the chirally coated cylinder.     

各向异性材料涂覆目标电磁散射特性仿真

该文基于阻抗边界条件(IBC),提出了3维各向异性材料涂覆目标电磁散射特性的矩量法(MoM)解决方案。根据表面等效原理,采用感应电磁流以3维RWG(Rao-Wilton-Glisson)矢量基函数展开的伽略金法。以表面阻抗矩阵表征电磁参数,实现各向异性材料涂覆目标的电磁仿真,算例结果与Mie级数解等精确结果吻合良好。对各向异性材料涂覆复杂目标的电磁散射特性进行分析,为目标的雷达隐身和反隐身提供理论支持。     

基于MoM-PO的各向异性阻抗面电磁散射研究

该文基于阻抗边界条件(IBC),采用矩量法-物理光学(MoM-PO)混合算法,研究了3维各向异性阻抗面的电磁散射特性。根据表面等效原理,将空间散射场等效为MoM区和PO区电磁流的辐射场,感应电磁流以3维RWG (Rao-Wilton-Glisson)矢量基函数展开。以表面阻抗并矢表征电磁参数,给出典型各向异性阻抗面目标的电磁仿真算例,结果与Mie级数等精确解吻合良好,显示了该方法的有效性。     

Multiple scattering and depolarization by a randomly rough Kirchhoff surface

A matrix approach has been developed to compute bistatic scattering coefficients which include shadowing and multiple scattering effects for a randomly rough Kirchhoff surface. The method permits the computation of these coefficients in terms of the existing single-scatter bistatic scattering coefficients. Thus the effects of multiple scattering are readily recognized from the expressions obtained. The bistatic scattering coefficients are shown to satisfy energy conservation to at least two significant figures. It is observed that while polarized backscattering is dominated by the single-scattering process, the depolarized backscattering is due to multiple scattering. Unlike depolarization by slightly rough surfaces or volume scattering, the angular behavior of the depolarized backscattering is similar to that of the polarized backscattering. The transitional behavior of the relative dominance between single and multiple scattering for the polarized and depolarized scattering coefficient as a function of the azimuth angle is illustrated.     

二维海面上方金属目标复合散射快速算法研究

为快速获取二维海面上方金属目标的复合散射,通过改进计算分层粗糙面散射的层内波传播展开法(PILE),结合快速计算二维粗糙面散射的稀疏矩阵平面迭代与规范网格法(SMFIA/CAG),以及计算金属目标散射的基于三角屋顶(RWG)基函数的矩量法(MoM),提出了结合稀疏矩阵平面迭代及规范网格法的扩展层内波传播展开法(E-PILE+SMFIA/CAG)。引入锥形入射波以减小人为截断粗糙面所引起的边缘衍射,采用蒙特卡洛(Monte-Carlo)模拟生成具有Pierson-Moskowitz(PM)海浪谱的随机海洋粗糙面。数值分析了海面上方典型导体目标的复合双站散射系数,验证了算法的有效性与收敛性。最后,应用该算法计算了海面上方导弹目标的电磁散射,讨论了目标高度及海面上风速对复合散射系数的影响。     

基于FE-BI的介质粗糙面上方涂覆目标电磁散射特性研究

采用有限元-边界积分（finite element boundary integral,FE-BI）方法研究了介质粗糙面上方涂覆目标的复合电磁散射特性,推导了一维介质粗糙面上方二维涂覆目标电磁散射的FE-BI公式.在仿真中,采用功能强大的有限元方法模拟涂覆目标内部场,对于涂覆目标与粗糙面之间的多重耦合作用则通过边界积分方程方法进行考虑.结合Monte-Carlo方法,数值计算了介质高斯粗糙面上方涂覆圆柱目标的电磁散射,分析了涂层材料介电常数、粗糙面粗糙度以及介质粗糙面介电常数变化对复合模型双站散射系数的影响.数值结果表明,相比于传统矩量法（method of moment,MoM）,本文方法虽然在处理理想导体模型时效率略低,但可以处理MoM难以处理的复杂媒质电磁散射问题,且计算精度较高.     

Determining the equivalent impedance boundary condition forcorrugated coatings based on the genetic algorithm

A methodology based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to determine the equivalent impedance boundary condition (IBC) for corrugated material coating structures. In this approach, rigorous solutions of the reflection coefficients at a number of incident angles are first calculated using a periodic method of moments (MoM) solver. The IBC model is used to predict the reflection coefficients at the same observation angles. The model coefficients are then optimized using the GA so that the difference between the approximated and the MoM predicted reflection coefficients is minimized. The GA proves efficient in obtaining an optimal IBC model. The resulting IBC model can be readily incorporated into an existing computational electromagnetics code to assess the performance of the corrugated coating when mounted on complex platforms     

Electromagnetic scattering from composite objects using a mixtureof exact and impedance-boundary conditions

Different surface integral equations for characterizing the electromagnetic scattering from a surface impedance object partially coated with dielectric materials are presented. The impedance boundary condition (IBC) is applied on the impedance surface and the exact boundary condition is applied on the dielectric surface. The resulting integral equations are solved for bodies of revolution using the method of moments. The numerical results are compared with the exact solution for a sphere. Other geometries are considered, and their results are verified by comparing results of the numerical solutions which were obtained using different formulations. The internal resonance problem is examined. It is found that the combined field integral equation (CFIE) can be used at any frequency and with any surface impedance     

How good is the impedance boundary condition?

The impedance boundary condition (IBC) is often used in scattering problems involving material coated conducting bodies. It is shown that for some commonly encountered coating configurations, the value of the impedance varies significantly as functions of the incident angle and polarization. Hence, the use of IBC in a rigorously formulated problem may effect the accuracy of the final solution.