基于有限元计算的形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料变形行为

利用有限元模拟方法,研究了拉伸-卸载预应变对形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料力学行为的影响及其内在机理.结果表明:预处理应变增加,形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料的屈服强度及弹性应变极限均提高,但拉伸延展性急剧下降.预应变增加导致形状记忆合金颗粒第二次加载时的变形行为由典型的马氏体相变过渡为连续的马氏体相变,甚至表现为纯马氏体相的弹性变形.这一"相变效应"的减弱甚至消失,是形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料经拉伸-卸载预处理后拉伸性能退化的直接原因.     

外加磁场淬火的热传导方程及数值分析

从金属物理，热非弹性理论，相变理论，变形热力学及电磁场理论的概念，出发，应用非线性连续介质力学中的内变量方法导出了含磁场相变的热传导方程，并进行了数值模拟分析。     

外加磁场淬火的热传导方程及数值分析

从金属物理、热非弹性理论、相变理论、变形热力学及电磁场理论的概念出发，应用非线性连续介质力学中的内变量方法导出了含磁场相变的热传导方程，并进行了数值模拟分析     

金属有序化合物的超晶格相变增韧

文中研究了元素取代对金属有序化合物发生有序—无序相变的相变温度影响。讨论了相变温度与长程有序度以及晶界界面能之间的关系,从而确立了金属有序化合物的超晶格相变增韧机制。为金属有序化合物的改性和应用提供了理论基础。     

泡沫金属相变材料凝固传热过程的数值分析

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT凝固/熔化模型,对填充以及未填充泡沫金属的2种相变材料蓄热球的相变传热过程进行数值模拟研究,得到了在第1类边界条件下蓄热球放热过程中的温度场分布、相界面移动规律。研究结果,表明与单纯填充相变材料的蓄热球相比,填充泡沫金属的相变材料蓄热球可以有效减少其放热时间,提高蓄热系统的放热速率。     

金属相变超塑性的研究进展

综述了国内外金属相变超塑性的研究现状,包括金属相变超塑性的实现条件、影响因素和太合金变形机制,提出了相变超塑性的研究方向.     

非平衡凝固对随后固态转变的影响

基于Fe-Ni包晶合金,Fe-B共晶合金和Ni基高温合金在快速凝固条件下的液/固相变过程对随后固态相变的影响规律,综合论述了非平衡凝固抑制包晶反应决定δ/γ转变路径,控制亚稳/稳态相转变和细化沉淀相等作用.结合相关理论分析了非平衡凝固过程与固态相变的内在物理联系.上述研究体现出进行非平衡凝固与固态转变一体化研究的科学意义.     

新型相变储能材料的研究

相变储能材料技术是近年来材料领域新兴的研究热点,该技术对建筑节能、解决能源紧张有着重要的应用价值．笔者主要介绍了相变储能材料的相变机理及分类,以及利用低共熔点原理制备一种新型的“相变合金”．并采用活性炭及废弃硅藻土对制备的相变材料进行吸附．通过实验研究,制备了一种储热密度大、相变温度较低、适于在建筑结构中的固-固型相变材料．     

相变区等温处理对V-N钢轧后组织的影响

研究轧后等温处理工艺对微合金V—N钢γ→α相变组织的影响。对含氮量不同的两种低碳V钢进行了模拟轧制和控轧冷却，接着于650～700℃进行了等温处理，使发生γ-α相变。用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察和比较了钢中的显微组织转变特点。结果表明，随等温温度的降低及保温时间的延长，铁素体的转变量增加；增加钢中的氮含量，能明显促进轧后显微组织中铁素体的生成，有利于细化晶粒。     

钢的整合系统及其复杂性

从科学技术哲学的高度概要地阐明了钢的整合系统及其复杂性。认为各种钢都是复杂的整合系统,具有整体大于部分之总和的特性,原子、晶格、相、组织是组成钢各个层次的要素,各要素的非线性相互作用,使钢的相变,组织,性能具有复杂的物理实质和规律性。明确指出将钢视为混合系统及简单性问题而形成的某些概念是不确切的,并提出了新的概念。     

一种自动读取指针式仪表读数的方法

为解决变电站中自动化监控仪表读数的问题,提出基于机器学习和图像处理算法的指针式仪表自动读数方法,由仪表检测和指针识别两个阶段组成。使用全卷积网络(fully convolutional networks,FCN)对输入图像进行语义分割,以检测仪表的位置并提取仪表部分的图像。利用直方图均衡化、中值滤波和双边滤波减小光照和阴影对指针识别的干扰,并利用仿射变换矫正拍摄时的倾斜,再结合改进的霍夫变换识别仪表中指针的位置,从而计算指针角度获取读数。结果表明,对于自然场景中变电站中的指针式仪表,本研究能很好地检测出仪表并识别出指针的读数,对于光照和阴影等干扰具有良好的鲁棒性,可以显著减少变电站巡检人员的工作量,提高工作效率。     

Molten steel yield optimization of a converter based on constructal theory

Constructal theory is introduced into the molten steel yield maximization of a converter in this paper. For the specific total cost of materials, generalized constructal optimization of a converter steel-making process is performed. The optimal cost distribution of materials is obtained, and is also called as "generalized optimal construct". The effects of the hot metal composition contents, hot metal temperature, slag basicity and ratio of the waste steel price to the sinter ore price on the optimization results are analyzed.The results show that the molten steel yield after optimization is increased by 5.48% compared with that before optimization when sinter ore and waste steel are taken as the coolants, and the molten steel yield is increased by 6.84% when only the sinter ore is taken as the coolant. It means that taking sinter ore as coolant can improve the economic performance of the converter steelmaking process. Decreasing the contents of the silicon, phosphorus and manganese in the hot metal can increase the molten steel yield. The change of slag basicity affects the molten steel yield a little.     

超高速切削机理的研究

着重研究了超高速切削的现象和机理,提出了相应的切削方程．并研制了一套以高速子弹撞击靶板的高速切削的模拟实验系统,从Ａ３钢和铝合金的实验中得出Ｆｔ－ｖ关系曲线．研究了其变形随速度的变化情况,较为系统地论述了超高速切削机理     

高温相变储热铝合金材料的研究现状及展望

金属相变储热材料具有储热密度大、抗高温氧化性强、热稳定好、导热系数大、相变时过冷度小、相偏析小及性价比较好等优点,在高温相变储热过程中有着广泛应用,其中铝合金高温相变储热材料的综合性能最好．综述了国内外铝合金高温相变储热材料的研究及趋势,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望．     

Functionally Gradient Material Made by Incremental Melting and Solidification Process

A new technique IMS (Incremental Melting and Solidification Process) has been introduced. A kind of cast steel high Mn foundry alloy gradient rnalerial was produced by this process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were tested. Fe and Mn in the samples were measured by EPMA. The experimental results show that the content and hardness of Fe-Mn alloy vary continuously and the IMS process is an alternative way in producing metal matrix gradient material. It is possible for these materials to be made into some parts such as camshaft.     

The Effect of Elastic Deformation in a New Style Elastic Squeeze Oil Film Damper on Its Vibration Absorption Characteristics

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Perspective on liquid metal enabled space science and technology

With the rapid development of deep space exploration and commercial flight, a series of tough scientific and technological challenges were raised, which urgently require ever advanced technologies to tackle with. Recently, liquid metals, as a kind of newly emerging functional material, are attracting various attention and many breakthroughs have been made on earth. Such a scientific trend also suggests promising approaches for solving those extreme challenges in space environment. To fulfill the increasing needs thus involved, this article is dedicated to systematically introducing liquid metal material and its related disciplines into space science and technology. Firstly, existing application of liquid metal cooling for space nuclear power was summarized. Then, some potential space practices were tentatively put forward, such as liquid metal thermal interface medium,liquid metal phase change material, liquid metal convection cooling, metal alloy thermal storage, liquid metal electromagnetic shielding and liquid metal electronic printing. Fundamental as well as practical issues that would differ with earth were interpreted. Finally, potential liquid metal space experiments were proposed to investigate the liquid metal hydrodynamic characteristic, wettability and phase change mechanism in space physical environment. Overall, liquid metal enabled space science and technology investigation will not only help efficiently solve the current and future space technological problems, but also aid to stimulate the advancement of liquid metal space material science.     

Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by en-ergy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corro-sion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG weld-ing. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints pro-duced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.     

不锈钢AOD转炉侧顶复吹精炼过程数学模拟初探

对不锈钢侧顶复吹AOD精炼过程数学模拟作了初步研究,注意到该精炼过程的物理和化学特性,考虑体系的质量和热量衡算,以及添加渣料、切头切尾和废钢、合金料等操作,精炼过程的不等温状态、钢液和熔渣质量的变化等因素的影响,提出了一个针对整个精炼过程的数学模型.基于设计的操作模式,以该模型对120 t侧顶复吹AOD转炉内奥氏体不锈钢的整个精炼过程,包括氧化(脱碳)和还原过程作了模拟和估算,与工艺设计给出的参照数据作了比较.