基于滑模的空中加油受油机会合制导与控制

为实现空中加油过程中受油机与加油机自主会合,建立满足会合要求的滑模控制面,设计相应制导律.根据受油机与加油机相对位置与速度得出受油机前向加速度指令.基于六自由度受油机动力学模型,采用时标分离将受油机的角运动系统分为快慢回路,采用动态逆方法分别进行系统设计和设计满足追踪会合要求的速度控制律,并以无人机自主跟踪加油机实现会合为例进行仿真.结果表明:该系统能引导受油机实现与加油机的会合,具有良好的动态性能.     

受油机横侧向对接飞行控制研究

针对插头锥管式受油机在对接状态时的横侧向飞行控制问题,提出稳定滚转角和偏航角为目标的控制器设计原理.分析了对受油机对接产生重要影响的扰动因素,包括大气紊流、阵风和受油机质量变化;给出了受油机横侧向受扰运动方程;采用μ综合方法设计了受油机的滚转和偏航鲁棒飞行控制器.对受油机滚转角、偏航角和侧向位移进行了数字仿真,结果表明受油机系统具有较好的指令跟踪和干扰抑制能力,基于稳定滚转角和偏航角方式的控制律适用于横侧向对接控制.     

加油软管释放过程中的动态特性研究

加油软管释放是软式空中加油中必不可少的环节,为全面分析软管释放过程中的动态特性,基于有限元思想和多刚体动力学理论,在充分考虑气流扰动、加油机牵连运动、软管收放等因素的基础上,建立软管锥套组合体的运动模型,并在模型中将软管等效成多根等长且长度可变的串联连杆。考虑到空中加油任务场景的多变性,分别对不同紊流强度、不同飞行高度、不同飞行速度、不同牵连点位置和不同释放速度剖面条件下软管释放过程中的动态特性进行数值仿真,并结合空气动力学、尾流效应和运动学理论对仿真结果进行了机理分析。结果表明,飞行高度和飞行速度的改变会对软管的摆动幅度和拉力产生较大的影响。特别地,当软管悬挂位置过于靠近翼尖时,由于受到的尾涡强度大幅增加,软管出现大范围的无规则摆动现象。     

基于自适应神经网络Backstepping空中加油编队飞行控制

为解决无人机自主空中加油过程加油机和受油机编队飞行控制的问题,提出了对受油机采用导引回路和 姿态回路分离控制策略,采用L1 导引算法设计一种基于自适应神经网络Backstepping 飞行控制器。将改进的L1 导 引算法应用于受油机的横向和纵向的导引,使用自适应神经网络补偿受油机受到的外界的干扰和系统模型误差,神 经网络权值矩阵通过自适应律在线更新,并结合Backstepping 控制方法设计受油机的控制律。仿真结果表明：在受 油机与加油机编队飞行过程中,该设计方法能有效提高受油机的跟踪精度和抗干扰能力,解决空中加油编队飞行控 制问题。     

基于自适应神经网络Backstepping 空中加油编队飞行控制

为解决无人机自主空中加油过程加油机和受油机编队飞行控制的问题,提出了对受油机采用导引回路和 姿态回路分离控制策略,采用L1 导引算法设计一种基于自适应神经网络Backstepping 飞行控制器。将改进的L1 导 引算法应用于受油机的横向和纵向的导引,使用自适应神经网络补偿受油机受到的外界的干扰和系统模型误差,神 经网络权值矩阵通过自适应律在线更新,并结合Backstepping 控制方法设计受油机的控制律。仿真结果表明：在受 油机与加油机编队飞行过程中,该设计方法能有效提高受油机的跟踪精度和抗干扰能力,解决空中加油编队飞行控 制问题。     

基于L1动态逆的自主空中加油对接控制

为实现无人受油机与加油机的自主安全对接,提出基于L1自适应动态逆的无人机自主空中加油对接跟踪控制方法.根据时标分离的原则,将无人受油机的姿态控制分为快、慢回路,采用动态逆方法设计姿态回路控制器,设计L1自适应系统补偿外界气流干扰和系统模型误差,并采用自主空中加油对接段仿真系统对所设计控制系统进行验证.仿真结果表明:该对接跟踪控制系统具有很高的抗干扰能力和鲁棒性,能满足自主空中加油的控制精度要求.     

微下击暴流风场模型在弹道仿真中的应用

为了研究微下击暴流风切变模型在外弹道仿真中的应用,基于流体力学基本原理,采用涡环法建立了微下击暴流风场模型,通过引入涡环倾斜变化矩阵来描述微下击暴流风场非对称特性,采用多涡环叠加的方法来模拟实际情况下的复杂风速分布。将六自由度刚体弹道模型与风场模型相结合,以某122 mm尾翼火箭弹为例进行弹道仿真。结果表明,所建立的微下击暴流风场模型具有良好的三维特性,能够合理描述实际微下击暴流风场分布; 受微下击暴流影响,火箭弹的飞行时间、射程、侧偏、末速度以及角运动等弹道特性均发生较大变化。     

极坐标两轴稳定平台的模型与分析

稳定平台系统可以提供导弹与目标之间的相对位置关系,为导弹姿态和弹道的修正提供依据,在导弹系统中具有十分重要作用.本文通过坐标变换将弹体运动分别在外框坐标系和内框坐标系中描述,得到两轴框架的运动学关系,基于刚体定点运动欧拉动力学原理.建立极坐标速率陀螺式两轴稳定平台的动力学模型,针对两轴框架的驱动电机,进一步建立包含电机电流环和力矩环的机电模型.最后结合实际数据,利用所建的机电模型对弹体运动耦合产生的扰动进行了仿真分析,仿真表明:弹体运动对视线角速度具有扰动作用,需要进行速度回路控制进行解耦补偿.所得模型和分析结果为极坐标稳定平台的进一步研究提供了理论基础.     

无人平台导弹行进间发射仿真分析

针对行进间导弹发射扰动量过大问题,对无人平台导弹行进间发射开展动力学仿真计算.通过分析导致行进间发射扰动产生的主要原因,建立武器站的刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型,将发动机推力和伺服机构运动实测数据作为仿真输入,配合动力学模型计算弹体扰动值.仿真结果表明:改进后的火控流程可实现导弹行进间的可靠发射,发射门限应根据弹体抗扰动能力选取.该研究可为导弹行进间发射流程制定和门限选取提供参考依据.     

尾部形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动影响的数值研究

尾拍运动是超空泡射弹保持水中稳定运动的主要方式。为研究尾部形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动特性的影响，基于有限体积法和Mixture多相流模型，结合动网格技术构建三维自由尾拍运动仿真模型，比较圆柱弹、尾锥弹、尾翼弹和尾裙弹的尾拍运动特性，分析了在不同初始扰动角速度情况下射弹的固有运动状态特性。研究结果表明：射弹尾拍时，尾部形状会影响尾部沾湿面和尾部沾湿产生的空泡，尾部沾湿表面面积越大或沾湿表面与射弹航行速度方向夹角越大，同攻角下射弹所受的力矩越大，尾拍频率越高，速度衰减越快，在不失稳的情况下，射弹的速度衰减快慢为尾裙弹>圆柱弹>尾锥弹>尾翼弹；4种射弹都存在与射弹的几何形状有关，而与初始扰动角速度无关的固有尾拍运动状态，此状态下射弹尾拍角速度振荡峰值随速度的衰减正比例减小。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.