聚碳酸酯/聚乙烯相容性的研究

考察了聚碳酸酯与聚乙烯（ＰＣ／ＰＥ）及聚碳酸酯与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混体系的力学性能,研究了共混体系的相容性,研究表明,ＰＥ的加入有效地提高了ＰＣ的抗冲击性能,而ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ体系的力学性能及混溶性优于ＰＣ／ＰＥ体系。红外光谱表明,接枝ＰＥ与ＰＣ共混时,发生酯交换反应,冲击断口及样条截面的扫描电镜发现,ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ的相态分布均匀,两相之间存在一定的相互作     

高填充聚丙烯材料的增强和增韧

研究了本室研制的柔性分子链界面改性剂包覆的高岭土（ｋａｏｌｉｎ）刚性粒子增韧的短切玻璃纤维（ＣＦ）增强的混杂复合方式，对聚丙烯／高岭土（ＰＰ／ｋａｏｌｉｎ）填充材料强度和韧性的影响。     

刚性填料粒子增韧HDPE及其增韧机理

在总结以往研究工作基础上，侧重研究了ＨＤＰＥ基复合材料界洋力的诱导结晶效应及其与材料性能间关系，重点讨论了ＣａＣＯ３／ＨＤＰＥ填充体系的界面粘合性，以及ＣａＣＯ３粒径、粒径分布、含量及其试样熔体冷却速率等与其基体的诱导结晶效应及材料韧性间关系，并由此结合介绍了相应的韧性机理，增韧模型及其相关的基体结晶动力学验证结果。     

阻隔性HDPE/MPE/PA1010共混体系流变性能的研究

研究了不同组成的ＨＤＰＥ／ＭＰＥ／ＰＡ１０１０共混体系熔体的流动曲线,表观粘度与温度,组成的关系,流动指数与剪切应力的关系等流变特性。结果表明,在所研究的剪切应力,剪切速率,温度及组成范围内,该共混体系熔体的ｌｇτ－ｌｇγｐ关系曲线都不同程度地偏离牛顿流体曲线,为非牛顿流体;     

HMW—HDPE与LMW—HDPE的共混改性

选用一种高分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ）和一种低分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ），对它们的共混行为和共混物的热性能、流动性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，在研究的共混比范围内，由ＤＳＣ发现双组分体系可能存在共晶相。ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ／ＬＭＷ－＝ＨＤＰＥ共混体系的熔体指数基本符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ粘度加和方程：ＭＩ＝ＭＩ．ＭＩ２。在ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ质量百分含量为２０％时，共混体系的拉伸     

超高分子量聚乙烯填料改性研究

本文选用粉煤灰、硅藻土和石墨三种无机填料填充超高分子量聚乙烯（ＵＨＭＷ－ＰＥ），考察了填料对其性能的影响。结果表明，填为加适量的粉煤灰可使ＵＨＭＷ－ＰＥ的耐磨性提高约５０％，热变形温度提高达３０℃。填充三种填料后，冲击强度都有所下降，但当含量控制在１５％以内时，还具有较高的低温冲击性能。     

聚乙烯三相复合材料的正电子湮没研究

通过正电子湮没寿命谱的研究，考察了ＨＤＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＢ三相复合材料的结构和性能的关系。结果发现，正正电子素原子（ｏ－Ｐｓ）优先局域和湮没子ＨＤＰＥ和ＥＰＤＭ非晶区的自由体积孔洞之中，因而其寿命τ３保持不变。而由ｏ－Ｐｓ强度Ｉ３反映的自由体积浓度则随填料含量的增加而减小，且改性体系比未改性体系的自由体积浓度低，这是与材料的相结构一致的。自由态正电子寿命τ３则随填料含量变化呈现明显变化，其强度Ｉ２     

HDPE／改性剂／改性CaCO3填充体系结构与性能

为了进一步增强ＨＤＰＥ／ＣａＣＯ３填充复合体系的界面相互作用，在对ＣａＣＯ３表面改性的同时，还加入一种新型改性剂－马来酸酐改性的聚烯烃。对填充体系的结构，性能和相互作用进行了研究。结果表明，改性后的填充体系综合性能已大大超过本体，冲击强度与改性前相比提高了９倍多；ＳＥＭ及抽提实验表明，改性剂和改性填料之间存在明显的相互作用，且形成较牢固的键合：ＤＳＣ和ＷＡＸＤ显性改性剂对ＨＤＰＥ的结晶行为基本无影     

m-HDPE/Kaolin复合材料流变性质研究

对比研究了采用聚合填充法(Polymerization-filling)和熔融共混法(melt compounding)制备的m-HDPE／Kaolin复合材料的流变性质．动态流变实验和毛细管挤出实验的结果表明，聚合填充的HDPE/Kaolin复合体系的熔体动态粘度、复数粘度、表观粘度均低于熔融共混复合体系和纯HDPE的相应值．聚合填充的Kaolin粒子与PE分子链的强相互作用及其良好的分散状态，是改善材料流变行为的原因所在。     

PES与热致液晶高分子共混物的流变性能

研究了ＰＥＳ与热致液晶聚合物（ＬＣＰ）ＨＢＡ／ＰＥＴ（６０／４０）共混物的转矩流变和剪切流变性能。加入２％～５％ＨＢＡ／ＰＥＴ（６０／４０）可使ＰＥＳ熔体在低剪切速率下的表观粘度下降２～４倍。共混物的粘流活化能也低于纯ＰＥＳ的活化能。加入少量ＬＣＰ（５％以下）可望大大改善ＰＥＳ的加工性能。     

丁醛等离子体处理填料对填充聚烯烃熔体流变性的影响EI

用毛细管流变仪研究了经丁醛等离子体处理的云母粉填充高密度聚乙烯熔体(160℃)和聚丙烯熔体(180℃)的流变性。数据表明,处理削弱了非填充聚烯烃熔体流动的非牛顿性,熔体流动的牛顿指数随等离子体处理时间的延长而增大。处理降低了填充聚烯烃熔体在低切变速率下的表观粘度,提高了其在高切变速率下的表现粘度,发生转变的临界切变速率对填充聚乙烯和聚丙烯分别为150s^(-1)和50s^(-1)。扫描电镜观察熔体形态证实,处理对熔体粘度的复杂影响,是处理改善填料在熔体中的分散性和提高填料与基体界面结合力两者综合作用的结果。     

离子聚合物改性木粉/HDPE复合材料流变特性

为了提高木塑复合材料（WPC）的加工流动性能,利用离子聚合物改性WPC,通过HAAKE Minilab微量混合流变仪研究了离子聚合物改性木粉/高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的毛细管流变特征。结果表明：添加与未添加离子聚合物的木粉/HDPE均为非牛顿流体中的假塑性流体,均呈现出“剪切变稀”的效应;随着钠离子聚合物含量的增加,改性木粉/HDPE的剪切应力和表观黏度均随着剪切速率的增大呈现降低的趋势,表明钠离子聚合物的加入可以显著改善聚合物熔体的流动特性;添加4wt%的钠离子聚合物和4wt%的锌离子聚合物的木粉/HDPE剪切应力和表观黏度均要低于添加4wt%的偶联剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAH-g-PE）的WPC的值,表明与MAH-g-PE相比,离子聚合物更能够改善WPC的流动性能,减小熔体流动时HDPE与木粉之间的摩擦阻力;SEM分析表明,添加离子聚合物后HDPE塑料对木粉有很好的包覆效果,没有明显的界面缝隙,且在WPC断面上存在大量的毛刺纤维。     

氯化原位接枝改性CPVC流变行为的研究

采用氯化原位接枝技术制备了苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯(HEA)、丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯(HPA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等五种单体改性的CPVC.用毛细管流变仪测定了它们的流变行为.讨论了CPVC和改性CPVC的熔体粘度与剪切速率、剪切应力以及温度的关系.结果表明:CPVC和改性CPVC熔体均为假塑性流体,改性CPVC的假塑性增强,熔体表观粘度低于CPVC的熔体表观粘度.在190～205℃温度范围,两者的对数表观粘度与1/T呈非线性关系.CPVC-g-PMMA对温度和剪切应力更加敏感,CPVC-g-PHEA熔体的流动性明显高于CPVC及其他四种单体改性的CPVC.     

全同聚1-丁烯/低密度聚乙烯共混体系的流变性能

采用双毛细管流变仪研究了全同聚1-丁烯/低密度聚乙烯(iPB/LDPE)共混体系的流变性能。结果表明,随着iPB用量的增加,共混熔体的剪切黏度呈先下降后上升的趋势;iPB/LDPE共混熔体在剪切速率为100 s-1~1000 s-1时,为假塑性流体,且随着iPB含量增加和温度升高,其非牛顿性增大;共混体系的表观黏度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大、温度的升高而减小;粘流活化能随剪切速率的增大呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

Melt flow properties of polypropylene/EPDM/glass bead ternary composites

The flow properties of polypropylene(PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer copolymer(EPDM)/glass bead (GB) ternary composites were measured in a wide scope of shear rates by using a Rosand capillary rheometer. The apparent shear rates varied from 10 to 10⁵ s^–1, and the test temperature was from 210 to 240°C. The results showed that the flow behavior of the composite melts may be considered to approximate that of a power law fluid although the slope of the melt flow curves somewhat varied around shear rate of 700 s^{– 1}. The dependence of the melt shear viscosity on the test temperature was roughtly consistent with the Arrhenius expression. The melt shear viscosity increased dramatically with increasing the volume fraction (_g) of GB under lower shear rate level, white it increased gently with an addition of _g under higher shear rate level. Furthermore, there were certain effects of the filler surface treatment on the melt shear viscosity and its sentivity to the filler content at higher concentration of the beads at lower shear rates.     

Fiber orientation and rheological properties of short fiber-reinforced plastics at higher shear rates

Fiber orientation and rheological properties of short fiber-reinforced polystyrene at high shear rates were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheometry. This is the first attempt to observe fiber orientations in samples taken from inside the capillary as well as taken from the extrudate by employing SEM. The fiber orientations near the center of the capillary are similar to those near the wall. Also, the fiber orientations inside the capillary changed very little, even if the shear rate was varied from 25.4 to 3110 s^–1. This is because most fibers near the center as well as near the wall of the barrel are already aligned toward the flow direction before entering the capillary. The possible sources to induce surface roughness of the extrudate or fiber protrusion are discussed. It appears that the surface roughness depends mainly upon the velocity rearrangement at the capillary exit. Interestingly, fiber flexing was seen in the filament taken from the extrudate as well as from inside the capillary, which suggests that this is not likely a dominant source for inducing surface roughness.     

微注塑成型流动中熔体壁面滑移的研究

基于宏观熔体流动的基本理论及其流动过程中壁面滑移机理的分析,针对微注塑成型模具中熔体充模流动时的壁面滑移行为,建立了微小通道中高聚物熔体流动的壁面滑移理论模型。并用数值模拟方法,对不同滑移系数时微小通道中熔体的壁面滑移对流动速度、熔体压力等的影响进行了研究。结果表明,微小通道中的壁面滑移可使壁面处熔体的流动速度增加,压力损失减小,有利于熔体的充模流动。     

低密度聚乙烯/氧化铁红色母料流变行为的温度效应

采用毛细管流变仪详细分析了LDPE/Fe2O3色母料在加工温度下黏度的变化情况。研究发现,温度对体系黏度的影响可用Arrhenius方程近似说明;随着温度的升高,色母料熔体黏度呈指数形式下降。用表观粘流活化能描述材料的粘温敏感性,并研究发现,随着粒子填充体积分数和剪切速率的增大,体系表观粘流活化能均有明显下降,且剪切速率对LDPE/Fe2O3色母料粘温敏感性的改变作用大于Fe2O3填充体积分数。     

Setup and Test of a Laser Doppler Velocimeter for Investigations of Flow Behaviour of Polymer Melts

The flow behaviour of a low-density polyethylene melt is investigated in a specifically developed flow channel by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). The used flow channel is a slit die with a planar contraction of 14:1. The investigation of the velocity fields was performed in the steady state of flow. The optics of the LDV system as well as the used frequency analyser proved to be reliable for measurements of velocities down to 250μm/s. By adding TiO₂ tracer particles to the pellets the signal quality as well as the signal frequency were improved. It is demonstrated that the Laser Doppler Velocimeter is suited to detect velocities of polymer melts with an error of a few per cent by comparing the measured volume flow rate to the directly determined mass flow rate. Using simple fluid mechanics the viscosity function is obtained by measuring only one velocity profile within the fully developed flow in the slit die. Over a wide range of shear rates the viscosity function obtained via LDV measurement corresponds with the viscosity function which was determined by the classical mass-flow-rate method. Both resulting viscosity functions were additionally checked by performing measurements with a capillary rheometer. The LDV setup described in this paper is a powerful experimental tool to investigate the flow behaviour of polymer melts. Its accuracy and the high spatial and temporal resolution opens a way to get more quantitative insight into the flow of polymer melts and to check the validity of model calculations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

液氧容器内球体裂纹分析

用光学显微镜、电子探针和扫描电对液氧容器内球体裂纹进行了细致的检查分析。结果表明，该零件开裂是由于焊缝热影响区镀铜层未打磨干净，有些地区打磨面积 ，未超越氩弧焊接时引起民金属铜熔化的区域，在焊接应力作用下，熔融铜沿晶界渗入母体金属引起铜脆。