板料成形坯料形状与应变分布的快速精确预测

采用有限元逆算法和四边形单元开发了板料冲压成形与模具设计快速分析软件FastAMP。模拟了比较典型的L形盒冲压件的坯料形状和厚向应变,并分别与实验结果和商业软件AutoForm的计算结果进行了比较,说明FastAMP软件可以精确地预测冲压件的坯料形状和应变分布规律,而且计算速度很快。     

高强钢板22MnB5热成形的一步逆成形有限元方法

在高强钢板热冲压产品及模具设计的早期,缺少一个仅仅根据产品的形状以及少量的模具信息就能快速评估出热冲压件可成形性的工具,能对后续的产品及模具设计起到指导作用。针对以上问题,提出并实现了高强钢板22MnB5热成形的一步逆成形有限元方法,用来快速评价高强钢板22MnB5在高温奥氏体状态下的可成形性。并以某汽车B柱的加强板为例进行计算,将其模拟结果与热冲压实验结果进行对比。结果表明:模拟结果与实验值基本一致,证实了高强钢板22MnB5热成形的一步逆成形有限元方法的有效性。     

基于有限元逆算法的板料成形模拟拉深筋的灵敏度优化

基于有限元逆算法和灵敏度优化的BFGS （Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno）算法，提出一种以成形极限曲线和起皱极限曲线作为目标函数，优化拉深成形中的拉深筋位置和大小的拉深筋灵敏度优化算法。优化算法综合考虑冲压件成形过程中起皱和破裂对成形性的影响因素，比只考虑板厚变化更能准确地反映板料的成形性，而且基于逆算法的灵敏度优化算法计算速度很快，可以应用于大型复杂冲压件的工艺参数优化过程模拟。通过两个典型的零件验证了该算法的优化结果符合实际工艺。     

虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件工艺中的应用

阐述了虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件板料成形过程中进行有限元分析的一般过程与步骤及基本方法，应用该技术并结合某型号汽车上的某些较典型的拉延件的初始模具冲压工艺方案对冲压件板料仿真成形进行分析，预测了初始模具冲压工艺方案可能产生的冲压缺陷，提出了冲压工艺方案的改进措施，表明了虚拟加工技术为汽车复杂冲压零件成形分析与模具设计制造提供了一种十分有效的先进手段。     

基于快速有限元分析的冲压件毛料展开

研究了一步法有限元分析技术,开发了冲压件毛料展开软件系统。建立三维冲压件网格和二维毛料网格之间发生塑性变形的平衡方程,求得毛料网格的修正值,得到的收敛值为冲压件的三维模型展开得到的平面形状。在刚度矩阵中引入阻尼矩阵改善矩阵的病态性,采用Newton下降法扩大算法的收敛范围,提高了非线性方程组的收敛性和算法的网格处理能力。实例表明该方法能较快较准确地求得冲压件的最优毛坯形状,在板料冲压成形领域具有良好的实用性。     

虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件工艺中的应用

阐述了虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件板料成形过程中进行有限元分析的一般过程与步骤及基本方法,应用该技术并结合某型号汽车上的某些较典型的拉延件的初始模具冲压工艺方案对冲压件板料仿真成形进行分析,预测了初始模具冲压工艺方案可能产生的冲压缺陷,提出了冲压工艺方案的改进措施,表明了虚拟加工技术为汽车复杂冲压零件成形分析与模具设计制造提供了一种十分有效的先进手段。     

汽车覆盖件成形的有限元模拟及模具设计

介绍了在有限元模拟基础上进行的汽车覆盖件模具设计,利用专用软件AutoForm对某车型的B柱进行了冲压方向的确定、拉深筋的布置、压料面和工艺补充面的设计以及拉深成形过程的数值模拟.根据模拟结果调整优化了工艺参数和毛坯形状等,消除了零件成形中的质量缺陷,提高了成形工艺稳定性,对实际生产中B柱成形的工艺确定和模具设计提供了依据.     

Solid Works在冲压工艺计算中的应用

冲压工艺计算是冲压模设计的重要内容。本文通过实例介绍了Solid Works在冲压工艺计算中冲压件排样设计、压力中心与冲裁力计算、冲压件毛坯尺寸计算等方面的应用,证明Solid Works在冲模设计中能提高设计质量与效率,也为CAD技术的应用提供一种有益的借鉴。     

基于数值模拟的覆盖件冲压成形工艺研究

覆盖件的冲压成形过程涉及几何、材料、接触等非线性因素的耦合，利用有限元法在计算机上对冲压件的起皱、破裂、回弹进行预测和分析，进而优化模具和拉深工艺参数，减少反复试验的次数，提高冲压件质量。阐述了汽车覆盖件成形数值模拟技术的理论方法及发展状况，并采用静态隐式算法模拟软件对典型覆盖件进行了冲压仿真分析，对其成形工艺进行了优化。     

基于RP/RT/RE技术的金属板料冲压成形回弹误差补偿系统

针对冲压件回弹误差，建立了基于RP／RT／RE技术的三维复杂形状板料冲压成形回弹误差精度闭环控制系统。以回弹误差为控制目标，以线性控制系统、空间Fourier变换和频域传递函数为理论基础，基于模具实验迭代，建立了模具回弹误差补偿修正算法，并首次将该算法应用于三维复杂形状板料冲压模具制造过程。工程实例表明，该系统对于三雏自由曲面板料冲压模具制造具有良好的工程实用价值，特别能对冲压件回弹误差进行有效补偿。     

汽车覆盖件冲压成形仿真的研究及其工程应用

拉延是板料冲压成NAFORM建立有限元冲压仿真系统,对板料拉延成形过程进行了研究.结果表明,坯料形状、压边力大小和拉延筋布置是影响板料拉延成形的关键因素;典型仿真范例验证了研究结果的可靠性,并从成形极限图(FLD)上进行了工艺方案的改进.     

基于有限元逆算法的钣金展开设计

主要讨论了用有限元逆算法进行钣金展开计算的方法，并用方盒和叶片的展开设计算例验证了这种方法的有效性。同其它的展开算法相比，有限元逆算法是一种计算精度较高，计算时间短的数值模拟工具。     

面向设计的板料成形快速仿真系统FASTAMP

FASTAMP是基于改进的有限元逆算法和动力显式算法的板料成形快速仿真软件。改进的逆算法求解器采用了考虑弯曲效应的DKQ四边形单元及方程组快速求解算法,真实考虑了摩擦、压边力、背压力和曲压料面等实际工艺条件,在模拟精度和速度上均有较大的提高。系统结合了两种算法的优势,将产品设计、选材和工艺设计三个独立的过程紧密结合起来,可快速分析产品设计中的潜在缺陷,为工艺设计人员提供有效的工艺设计参考和强有力的设计辅助分析工具。     

One step positive approach for sheet metal forming simulation based on quasi-conjugate-gradient method

In one step inverse finite element approach, an initial blank shape is normally predicted from the final deformed shape. The final deformed shape needs to be trimmed into a final part after stamping, the trimmed area, therefore, needs to be compensated manually before using one step inverse approach, which causes low efficiency and in consistency with the real situation. To solve this problem, one step positive approach is proposed to simulate the sheet metal stamping process. Firstly the spatial initial solution of one step positive method is preliminarily obtained by using the mapping relationship and area coordinates, then based on the deformation theory the iterative solving is carried out in three-dimensional coordinate system by using quasi-conjugate-gradient method. During iterative process the contact judgment method is introduced to ensure that the nodes on the spatial initial solution are not separated from die surface. The predicted results of sheet metal forming process that include the shape and thickness of the stamped part can be obtained after the iterative solving process. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by comparing the predicted results obtained through the proposed approach with those obtained through the module of one step inverse approach in Autoform and the real stamped part. In one step positive method, the stamped shape of regular sheet can be calculated fast and effectively. During the iterative solution, the quasi-conjugate-gradient method is proposed to take the place of solving system of equations, and it can improve the stability and precision of the algorithm.     

Finite element simulation of plate or sheet metal forming processes using tetrahedral MINI-elements

In this paper, finite element prediction of sheet metal forming process is investigated using solid elements. A three-dimensional rigidviscoplastic finite element method with linear tetrahedral MINI-elements is employed. This technique has traditionally been used for bulk metal forming simulations. The solid element approach with remeshing capability is applied to simulating a plate metal forming process to reveal its possible problems. The similar approach is also applied to a typical sheet forming process. Both single- and double-layer finite element mesh systems are studied, with particular attention to their effect on the deformed shape of the workpiece and thickness variation of a cold sheet forming process. The procedure is applied to the well-known problem of the NUMISHEET93 international benchmark. The resulting predictions are compared with experimental observations found in the literature, and good agreement is noted.     

基于有限元逆算法的拉深筋工艺设计和优化

汽车覆盖件拉深成形中，一般通过设置适当的拉深筋控制成形过程中的板料塑性流动规律来提高覆盖件成形质量。针对覆盖件工艺设计需求，提出一种基于有限元逆算法的拉深筋工艺优化算法。该算法以灵敏度优化方法为基础，考虑了板料的成形度、破裂和起皱等成形缺陷。在板料成形模拟FASTAMP系统中，开发了拉深筋优化模块，并以实际覆盖件为例，验证了该算法能快速准确地模拟等效拉深筋力的布置情况以及优化板料的成形性。     

Numerical investigation of multi-point forming process for sheet metal: wrinkling, dimpling and springback

Multi-point forming (MPF) is a new flexible technique for manufacturing three-dimensional sheet metal parts. In this procedure, a pair of opposed matrices of punch elements substitute for the conventional fixed shape die sets, and the sheet metal can be formed rapidly between the matrices. Extensive numerical simulations of the processes for forming spherical and saddle-shaped parts were carried out by dynamic explicit finite element analysis. The contacting process between sheet metal and punch elements in MPF was investigated, and the variations of forming force with respect to the tool travel were analyzed. The wrinkling processes were simulated, and the MPF limit curves without wrinkles for spherical and saddle-shaped parts were obtained. Dimple is a particular defect in MPF, through the comparison of the thickness strains calculated by solid FE and shell FE, the finite elements appropriate for the numerical analysis of dimpling were detected, and the limit forming force without dimples was determined. Springback processes of MPF were simulated based on explicit-implicit algorithm. The springbacks and their distributions under different conditions were investigated.     

NUMERICAL METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF NET-SHAPED BLANK IN MULTI-POINT FORMING OF SHEET METAL

A new numerical method to predict the initial blank geometry from the desired objective shape of parts is presented. Based on the conditions that the deformations in material are most evenly distributed and that the volume remainsconstant, a positive definite functional for blank design is constructed. The functional is minimized by an iterative schemeof finite element, and then the optimal initial configuration is obtained. The method is easy and expedient to use. The results of numerical simulation of forming process and multi-point forming experiments for sheet metal demonstrate thatgood precision is achieved by the proposed method.     

Influence of blank profile on the V-die bending camber process of sheet metal

The finite element simulation is now widely used in the design of stamping tools. A trial and error procedure has been replaced by a simulation in which defects associated with sheet forming processes are predicted and evaluated. This paper aims to clarify the process conditions of the V-die bending of a sheet metal. It provides a model that predicts not only the correct punch load for bending, but also the precise final shape of the products after unloading. An incremental elastic-plastic finite element computer code, based on an updated Lagrangian formulation, was developed to simulate the V-die bending of sheet metal. In particular, the assumed strain field (ASF) element was used to formulate the stiffness matrix. The r-minimum technique was used to deal with the elastic-plastic state and solve contact problems at the tool-metal interface. A series of experiments were performed to validate the formulation in the theory, leading to the development of the computer codes. The predicted punch load in the finite element model agrees closely with the experimental results. The whole history of deformation and the distribution of stress and strain during the forming process were obtained by carefully considering the moving boundary condition in the finite element method .A unique feature of this V-die bending process is the camber after unloading. The computer code successfully simulates this camber. The simulation was performed to evaluate the effects of the size of the blank on the camber process. The results in this study clearly demonstrate that the computer code efficiently simulated the camber process .