GD—SJ系列数控成绞面丝线张力自动调节器

成绞机上配置张力自动调节器，可使丝线张力均匀，络交网纹清晰减少断头，使后道退良好。文章分析了同步双摆式，非同步双摆式和栅门式三种丝线张力自动调节器的工作原理及优缺点。     

数控成绞机双栅式丝线张力自动调节器

张力调节器是数控成绞机对丝线张力进行调节控制的部件.双栅式张力丝线自动调节器具有结构精巧、反应灵活、操作方便、张力调节能力强等优点.文章介绍了它的结构特点、在数控成绞机上的应用、调节原理及其工艺预控.     

R型梳形张力调节器

丝织厂的卷纬机上一般都用过桥筒子,控制其摩擦力来得到所需的张力,因而在生产过程中,丝线张力变化较大,纡子质量得不到保证。1979年,我厂使用从日本进口的自动卷纬机,感到其梳形张力调节器性能良好,因此进行仿造,到目前止,全厂推广600只。使用实践证明,该张力调节器在许多方面超过了过桥筒子,主要是能使纬丝张力较稳定,卷纬机起动和停机时张力变化小,具有自动补偿调节张力的功能,而且微调张力也较方便。我厂仿制的R型张力调节器,外形     

对R型张力调节器的几点看法

我厂于去年3月开始使用杭州临安亭子纺织配件厂生产的R型张力调节器。经过半年在卷纬机上使用发现,卷纬张力较原用过桥筒子、钢丝挑头张力装置波动小,且其结构简单,张力调试方便,是生产轻薄型、中型纺织物理想的配件之一,但美中不足的是:张力调节器现行的适用范围较小,只能用于轻薄织物卷纬加工时丝线的张力调节,对于中厚型织物不适用,为此需要生产厂家和应用厂家进一步拓宽张力调节范围。同时,笔者对张力器本身结构提出几点改进建议,诚望生产厂家参考采纳。     

基于自动位置控制原理的智能型同步调节器

文章介绍了染整设备中使用的一种新型同步控制器，它采用自动位置控制原理，选肜优化PID算法，极大地提高了同步性能。文中首先介绍采用这种同步方式的缘由和控制原理，然后简单介绍了调节器的软硬件设计。     

倍捻锭气圈动力学-气圈与锭盘丝线的形态与张力

论述丝织准备工艺中的真丝，化纤倍捻机锭子高速回转时的气圈形态和张力分布，讨论丝线细度，锭子转速，气圈高度，空气阻力系数等因素对气圈形态及张力分布的影响，对从储丝盘出口到导丝钩丝线的受力情况作较深入的分析，利用柱面坐标系，导出求解储丝盘，锭盘缠绕段丝线和自由气圈空间形态及张力的无量纲微分方程组。     

倍捻锭气圈动力学方程的求解

探讨丝线在形成自由气圈之前，由退解筒子经过衬锭、张力器、储丝盘的丝线张力数学模型，并用计算机编程求解气圈微分方程及讨论各参数对气圈形态与张力的影响。     

改换K051络丝机皮带轮，减少丝线断头率

改换Ｋ０５１络丝机皮带轮，减少丝线断头率我厂的Ｋ０５１型小卷装络丝机，每次停机后，开机在２小时内不能正常投入生产，致使半制品质量差、产量低、原料消耗大、丝线断头率高达８５％以上。特别是启动时丝线张力超出工艺值２倍以上，造成丝线拉伤，断头增多，原料消耗...     

毛织物丝边张力控制

对织造经轴边丝线张力控制不当造成的丝线拖边问题进行了研究分析，并通过大量工艺跟踪，多品种试验，找出了相应的解决办法，制定了切实可行的措施，效果明显。     

自由脱开气圈的形成及其理论分析

提出并论证了从自由脱开气圈的角度分析储丝盘出口到导丝钩的丝线形态及张力的新方法。该方法明确求出从储丝盘出口到导丝钩丝线的形态、张力与机构尺寸的对应解，从而为适应不同加捻要求，优化锭盘形状提供了多方面精确解的可能。     

Religious slaughter: Evaluation of current practices in selected countries

As part of the project “Religious slaughter (DIALREL): improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects”, this paper discusses an evaluation of current practices during Halal and Shechita slaughter in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. During religious slaughter, animals are killed with and without stunning by a transverse incision across the neck that is cutting the skin, muscles (brachiocephalic, sternocephalic, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid), trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jugular veins and the major, superficial and deep nerves of the cervical plexus. In this report, the restraint methods, stunning, neck cutting, exsanguination, slaughter techniques and postcut handling in the abattoir were assessed for religious slaughter. Information about the procedures used during religious slaughter in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Turkey and Australia was collected by means of spot visits to abattoirs. To standardize the information gathered during the spot visits three guidelines were designed, one for each species, and translated into the national languages of the countries involved. The document included questions on the handling and restraint methods (stunning, neck cutting/exsanguination/slaughter techniques and postcut handling performed under religious practices) and for pain and distress of the animal during the restraint, neck cutting and induction to death in each abattoir. Results showed differences in the time from restraining to stun and to cut in the neck cutting procedures and in the time from cut to death.     

虾、蟹壳利用的研究进展

虾、蟹壳是虾、蟹加工过程中产生的主要废弃物,含有较大量的蛋白质、灰分和甲壳素,以及少量的脂肪、游离氨基酸和虾青素等。近年来,随着我国养殖、捕捞技术的进步以及伏季休渔制度的实施,虾、蟹产量逐年上升。因此,有效利用虾、蟹壳副产物,开发基于虾、蟹壳废弃物的利用途径和产品类型,以提高产品附加值,减少环境污染,对于虾、蟹产业的健康发展具有重要意义。目前,采用酸碱法制备甲壳素是虾、蟹壳利用的主要方法,该方法易于操作,但能耗高且污染严重,近年来研究人员对传统的酸碱法制备甲壳素的工艺进行了优化,并积极探索酶法和发酵法等新型提取工艺。此外,虾、蟹壳中其他可利用成分(蛋白质、脂肪、钙质和虾青素)的提取和利用也获得了许多研究成果。本文主要综述了虾、蟹壳的组成成分,虾、蟹壳整体利用途径以及虾、蟹壳中甲壳素、蛋白质、脂肪、钙质、虾青素等成分的提取和利用途径的研究进展,以期为虾、蟹壳的高效、低成本、无污染和高附加值利用提供借鉴。     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.     

纸质文献保存和修复方法专利技术综述

通过对纸质文献保存和修复领域专利技术文献的收集、分析、标引和梳理,分析了该领域专利技术分布及专利申请情况,分别探析了脱酸、修补、加固、装裱4种技术的专利技术演进路线,最后对该领域专利技术进行了总结。     

Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析红谷黄酒酒曲微生物菌群多样性

采用南阳红谷黄酒酒曲为研究对象,利用高通量测序方法对红曲、大曲、小曲的微生物菌群多样性进行分析。结果表明,大曲的微生物菌群多样性最高,红曲的最低,且两者间的微生物群落结构差异最大。红曲中优势细菌属为伯克霍尔德氏菌属（Burkholderia）、醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）等,优势真菌种为紫红曲霉（Monascus purpureus）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）等;大曲中优势细菌属为克罗彭斯特菌属（Kroppenstedtia）、芽孢杆菌属、魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）等,优势真菌种为嗜热子囊菌（Thermoascus aurantiacus）、黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）、疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌（Thermomyces lanuginosus）等;小曲中优势细菌属为魏斯氏菌属、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）等,优势真菌种为少根根霉菌（Rhizopus arhizus）、热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis）、异常威克汉姆酵母（Wickerhamomyces anomalus）等。     

Effect of common and new gums on the quality,physical, and textural properties of bakery products: A review

Hydrocolloids (gums) have a good functional characteristic such as emulsifying, gelling, solubility, and textural improvement. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving dough performance, bread and cake characteristics, sensorial quality, and extension the products shelf life. Several studies reported the potential use of hydrocolloids in breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formulation. The present review summarized the effect of the most common and new hydrocolloids (xanthan, guar, Arabic, carrageenan, karaya, alginate, acacia, methylcellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, locust bean, balangu seed, wild sage seed, basil seed, and cress seed gums) on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Gums addition improved volume and porosity of the breads and cakes. Gums influence on the gelatinization and retrogradation of starch and decreased the retrogradation of starch. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving mixing and increasing the shelf life of the products through moisture preservation and avoidance of syneresis in some frozen foods. This study summarized the influence of the most common and new hydrocolloids on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Addition of seeds gum to the breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formula led to an increase in the viscosity of the batter. Also, the firmness of bakery products showed that they became softer with increasing gum levels.     

Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds,Their Extraction,and Possible Utilization

Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health‐promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by‐products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.     

叶幕类型对摩尔多瓦葡萄酒品质的影响

以棚架和篱架两种栽培方式的摩尔多瓦葡萄果实为试材,成熟后采收进行酿酒试验,测定水平叶幕和直立叶幕对葡萄酒品 质的影响。 结果表明,棚架葡萄酒与篱架葡萄酒可滴定酸含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但棚架葡萄酒的pH值比篱架葡萄酒高0.02,葡萄 酒色度提高44.12%,总酚、抗坏血酸含量分别提高18.65%、14.64%,抗氧化能力（铁还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力）分别提高43.76%、 17.39%。同时,棚架葡萄酒香气物质种类比篱架葡萄酒多7种,酯类、醇类物质含量分别是篱架的3.06倍、1.36倍,其中,正己醇、辛酸乙 酯、苯乙醇含量是篱架葡萄酒的2.08倍、2.26倍、1.93倍,乙酸异丁酯、丙醇、乙酸异戊酯含量也分别高69.80%、41.87%、60.57%。 由此表 明,棚架水平叶幕可提高葡萄酒次生代谢物质含量,增加葡萄酒色调饱和度,增强葡萄酒稳定性,提升葡萄酒风味,改善葡萄酒品质。     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

菠萝皮渣糯米果酒发酵过程中主要成分变化研究

以菠萝皮渣和糯米为原料,进行糯米果酒发酵,并采用相关国标检测方法、液相色谱（LC）及气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法,分析菠萝皮渣糯米果酒在发酵过程中可溶性固形物、酒精度、有机酸、挥发酸和香气成分等成分变化。结果表明：发酵过程中糖度迅速降低、酒精度升高后维持稳定,pH值在3.50～3.80之间,呈先降后升趋势,酸度先降低直至陈酿后期轻微升高。有机酸含量在发酵过程中总体呈下降趋势,草酸、酒石酸含量逐渐降低,柠檬酸、苹果酸、丙酮酸、乳酸含量先降后升,琥珀酸和乙酸呈上升趋势。果酒中挥发酸含量不断下降,第60天甲酸、乙酸含量分别为0.30 mg/L和0.26 mg/L。菠萝皮渣糯米果酒中共检测出88种香气成分,其中41种酯类、22种醇类、10种酸类和15种其他类,发酵过程中乳酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸苯乙酯、癸酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯和十六酸乙酯含量较高,相对含量在0.27%～20.57%。