棉纤维预辐射接枝NIPAAm的溶剂效应

采用水和醇类及丙酮等有机溶剂组成的混合溶剂进行Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＡＡｍ）在棉纤维上的预辐射接枝,接枝率随着混合溶剂中万分的变化而变化。在甲醇和水的混合溶剂体系中,接枝率随单体深度变化的曲线中出现凝胶效应。同样体系中,当单体分别为ＮＩＰＡＡｍ和丙烯酰胺（ＡＡｍ）时,接枝率随温度变化的趋势有所不同。Ｘ射线衍射测定的接枝产物结晶度和枝的关系可以作为“第三相”反应的佐证。     

尼龙-66滤膜电子束预辐照接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用电子束预辐照接枝法,以水为溶剂,硫酸铜为阻聚剂,将丙烯酸接枝到尼龙-66滤膜上面。探讨电子束吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度对滤膜接枝率的影响。对不同接枝率的滤膜进行吸水性测试,并利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对接枝前后的滤膜进行表征。结果表明:丙烯酸成功接枝到尼龙-66滤膜表面,接枝后样品表面孔洞减少,表面粗糙度增加;接枝率随着吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度的增加而增大,而后渐渐趋于平缓;接枝后的滤膜吸水率有很大的提高。     

γ射线共辐照接枝聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜表面亲水性研究

采用γ射线液相共辐照法对聚偏氟乙烯(Poly(vinylidene fluoride),PVDF)超滤膜进行接枝改性,研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量、链转移剂异丙醇(Isopropanol,IPA)、盐酸(Hydrochloric acid,HCl)、阻聚剂CuSO4浓度对接枝率及膜表面亲水性的影响.结果表明,在所涉实验条件下,接枝率随辐照剂量和接枝体系中单体浓度的增大,随CuSO4及IPA含量的增大而减小,改性膜表面接触角表现出相反的趋势;接枝体系中HCl的添加可以显著提高接枝率,有效降低改性膜表面接触角;改性后PVDF超滤膜表面亲水性显著提高,表面接触角由改性前的83.3°可降低至改性后的39.2°.     

尼龙滤布共辐射接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺研究

通过共辐射接枝法,将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体接枝聚合到尼龙滤布表面,通过测定接枝聚合前后尼龙滤布质量变化来计算接枝率。以无水甲醇为溶剂、硫酸铜为阻聚剂,考察了接枝率随单体浓度的变化规律,测试了接枝前后尼龙滤布表面与水的接触角(CA),并研究了接枝前后样品的热分解行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:接枝聚合后的样品热分解温度降低,单丝表观尺寸增大且表面粗糙度增加,随着接枝率的升高,改性尼龙滤布的接触角逐渐减小,亲水性增强,这与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在室温时的亲水性相符。     

丙烯酸在PET膜表面的紫外光共辐射接枝

讨论了水性体系中，经紫外光（ＵＶ）辐射引发在ＰＥＴ膜表面的丙烯酸接枝聚合反应的实验影响因素，考察了光敏剂、单体浓度以及接枝反应温度对接枝率的影响，以及不同接枝率下接枝膜对水接触角的变化。     

聚醚砜微孔膜电子辐照接枝改性及过滤性能研究

利用电子束辐照技术对聚醚砜（PES）微孔膜进行接枝丙烯酸（AA）改性。用称重法测量接枝率,分析辐照剂量及气氛对膜接枝率的影响规律,用红外光谱分析膜接枝后官能团的变化,用扫描电镜观察样品的表面形貌;并分析了接枝率对水通量及牛血清白蛋白（BSA）溶液通量的影响。研究结果表明,对浓度为1mol/L的单体丙烯酸,在氮气或空气的氛围下辐照,接枝率随辐照剂量的增加先增大而后降低,并在整个辐照剂量范围内,氮气氛围下辐照的接枝率均高于空气氛围的接枝率。当接枝率较小时,水通量及BSA溶液通量均随接枝率的增大而增大,并当接枝率为11%时,二者同时达到最大值,随着接枝率的进一步增大,其值反而降低。     

预辐射聚丙烯膜接枝甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯及其性能研究

采用预辐射接枝法对预辐射的聚丙烯（ＰＰ）膜接枝不同分子量的甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯（ＰＥＧＭＡ）。分别研究了不同接枝溶液体系对接枝率的影响;通过全反射傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ－ＡＲＴ）和水接触角等的测定,观察了接枝前后ＰＰ膜表面性能的变化;还接枝前后ＰＰ膜绎血液蛋白吸附、血小弧的吸附以及样品表面血栓量等,以比较接枝前后样品的血液相容性。     

DEGDMA和HEMA在硅橡胶管上的共辐射接枝

本文主要报道采用~(60)Coγ射线将DEGDMA和DEGDMA,HEMA混合单体分别在乙醇/水(1:1W/W)体系中,与硅橡胶管共辐射接枝。 从所得实验结果指出:单体和链转移剂(四氯化碳)在体系中浓度增大接枝率提高,当Cu~(++)浓度为0.075N(当量浓度)时,接技率曲线上出现峰值。在同一辐射剂量时,剂量率增大,接枝率有所下降。在同一剂量率时,接枝率随辐射剂量增大而提高。DEGDMA和HEMA混合单体在乙醇/水(1:1W/W)体系中,DEGDMA含量增多,接枝率有所提高,HEMA增多,接枝物的水含量增高。     

聚丙烯胺肟螯合纤维的辐射合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能

采用预辐照接枝法,在空气或氮气气氛下利用电子束对聚丙烯纤维进行辐照。然后,将样品置于4种不同溶剂(水、甲醇、正丁醇、10％甲醇水溶液)的丙烯腈溶液体系中进行接枝反应,并通过与盐酸羟胺溶液反应,引入胺肟基团,获得一种机械性能较好的偕胺肟螯合纤维(PPAO)。最后浸于硝酸铅标准溶液中,测定其对铅的吸附量。结果表明,接枝率与预辐照气氛、反应温度、反应液体积、单体浓度都有密切关系。聚丙烯纤维在水溶液和10％甲醇水溶液中接枝率较高。当纤维在空气中预辐照,丙烯腈单体体积浓度为30％,温度为70℃时,聚丙烯纤维的接枝率最高;对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附容量为0．362mg／g(纤维)。     

电子束共辐照接枝改性聚醚砜微孔膜

用电子束共辐照技术在聚醚砜微孔膜上接枝了甲基丙烯酸。改变接枝单体的浓度和吸收剂量获得具有不同接枝率的改性聚醚砜膜。系统研究了接枝率与单体浓度和吸收剂量间的关系,得到最佳的单体浓度和吸收剂量。接枝膜用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)进行表征,接枝膜表面及断面形态用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,并测试了接枝膜的亲水性接触角。     

Anisotropic proton-conducting membranes prepared from swift heavy ion-beam irradiated ETFE films

Poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films were irradiated by swift heavy ion-beams of ¹²⁹Xe²³⁺ with fluences of 0, 3 × 10⁶, 3 × 10⁷, 3 × 10⁸ and 3 × 10⁹ ions/cm², followed by γ-ray pre-irradiation for radiation grafting of styrene onto the ETFE films and sulfonation of the grafted ETFE films to prepare highly anisotropic proton-conducting membranes. The fluence of Xe ions and the addition of water in the grafting solvent were examined to determine their effect on the proton conductivity of the resultant membranes. It was found that the polymer electrolyte membrane prepared by grafting the styrene monomer in a mixture of 67% isopropanol and 33% water to the ETFE film with an ion-beam irradiation fluence of 3.0 × 10⁶ ions/cm² was a highly anisotropic proton-conducting material, as the proton conductivity was three or more times higher in the thickness direction than in the surface direction of the membrane.     

Physicochemical study of radiation-grafted LDPE copolymer and its use in metal ions adsorption

Graft copolymerization of (acrylonitrile-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) AN/NVP binary monomer onto (low density polyethylene) LDPE film was achieved using simultaneous irradiation method. The influence of grafting conditions such as solvent type, comonomer composition and comonomer concentration on the grafting process were investigated. The prepared grafted films were chemically modified into amidoximated form using hydroxyl amine hydrochloride (NH₂OH · HCl). The untreated and amidoximated grafted films were characterized by studying their FT-IR spectroscopy, swelling behavior and mechanical properties. The ability of the amidoximated grafted films to adsorbed metal ions such as Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ag⁺ and Pb²⁺ was evaluated. The parameters that might influence the metal ions adsorption capacity of treated grafted LDPE films such as comonomer compositions, the degree of grafting, the feeding metal ions solution concentration and the pH were discussed. The obtained results illustrate that the amidoximated grafted films could be fruitful in the practical field of water treatment.     

γ共辐射接枝丙烯酸改善聚醚砜粉体亲水性的研究

利用γ射线共照射技术在聚醚砜（Polyethersulfone,PES）粉体上按枝了丙烯酸。研究了丙烯酸单体体积分数、接枝溶液pH值、吸收剂量、阻聚剂（Cu^2＋）浓度等对接枝率的影响规律。通过与称重法相结合,得到了利用红外光谱对接枝率进行定量分析的工作曲线。研究结果表明,当吸收剂量为25kGy、单体体积分数为30％、阻聚剂用量为0．004mol／L时,可以获得最高的接枝率。接枝溶液中盐酸的添加有利于提高接枝率。提高接枝率有助于改善PES的亲水性。     

新型抗凝血渗析膜的研制──聚乙烯膜上丙烯酸和苯乙烯的辐射接枝

以丙烯酸和苯乙烯为单体，聚乙烯膜为基体，利用过氧化预辐照接枝技术，研制出一种具有亲水－疏水平衡结构的新型抗凝血渗析膜。探讨了单体组成对膜性能的影响。结果表明：当丙烯酸和苯乙烯单体组成为１∶１（体积比）时，接枝膜具有较好的机械性能。与未接枝膜相比，抗凝血性提高了约３０倍，渗析性提高约１０倍。     

Hydrocarbon proton-conductive membranes prepared by radiation-grafting of styrenesulfonate onto aromatic polyamide films

Novel method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conductive membranes without sulfonation and membrane casting process is achieved by radiation-grafting of sodium styrenesulfonate to an aromatic polyamide, poly(m-xylylene adipamide) (Nylon-MXD6) films and subsequent ion-exchange. The styrenesulfonate was easily grafted into the Nylon-MXD6 films from an oxygen-free dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution at 60 °C. As a result, the resulted styrenesulfonic acid-grafted Nylon-MXD6 films, namely proton-conductive membrane, with high ion-exchange capacity up to 1.63 mmol/g, can be obtained. The membrane was transparent and highly hydrophilic. The proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the proton-conductive membranes were investigated with respect to their use in fuel cells. The high proton conductivity reached 0.083 S/cm, comparable to Nafion. Furthermore, the methanol permeability was significantly lower than that of the Nafion membrane. Therefore, the Nylon-MXD6-based proton-conductive membrane is a more promising material for the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).     

HDPE预辐照接枝SSS与AA体系的反应动力学研究

采用电子束引发预辐照接枝方法在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)上接枝丙烯酸(AA)与对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)两种单体,以制备含磺酸和羧酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜。研究发现,接枝速率与辐照剂量、单体总浓度及反应温度密切相关。接枝反应的活化能为22．2kJ／mol。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试表明,接枝膜上引入了磺酸基团和羧酸基团。     

A study on the distribution of polystyrene sulfonic acid grafts over the cross-section of a PFA film

In this study, the distribution behaviors of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) grafts over the cross-section of grafted PFA membranes (PFA-g-PSSA) were investigated by using SEM-EDX analysis. Membranes with various degrees of grafting (DOG) and thicknesses were prepared by a simultaneous radiation grafting of styrene and a subsequent sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid. A SEM-EDX instrument was utilized to directly observe that the distribution behaviors of the PSSA grafts over the cross-section of grafted PFA membranes and the results showed that the distribution behaviors were largely affected by the grafting conditions such as the degree of grafting, monomer concentration, and film thickness.     

碳纳米管/聚丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备及性能

通过活度2.072×1015 Bq、剂量率2 k Gy·h-1的钴-60进行辐照接枝和辐照交联两步法制备了碳纳米管复合水凝胶。使用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、热释重分析(Thermal gravimetric analysis,TGA)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、BET比表面积(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Specific Surface Area)等方法对样品进行了表征。结果显示,改性后的碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes,G-CNTs)的管壁出现了明显的链段,其傅里叶红外光谱在1 452 cm-1和1 726 cm-1处多了两个吸收峰;碳纳米管复合水凝胶的BET值(30 m2·g-1)比聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的(12 m2·g-1)提高了一倍多。实验结果表明丙烯酸被成功接枝到CNTs的管壁上。G-CNTs在凝胶中均匀分散,并提高了复合水凝胶的比表面积和机械强度。     

One step graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high－density polyethylene film by preirradiation method

High-density polyethylene(HDPE)films were irradiated by ^60Co gamma ray with a dose of 100kGy in air and then immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid(AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS) at different temperature.The effects of grafting conditions such as temperature,reaction time ,Mohr‘s salt concentration,and total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomers.The highest grafting yield was observed at 3mol/L monomers where the grafted PE swelled to the largest extent in the monomers mixture.The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off.At higher temperature,the grafting yield decreases with Mohr‘s salt concentration,but increases at low temperature when Mohr‘s salt concentration is 0.083%.Which can be interpreted that in the presence of Fe^2 diperoxides and hydroperoxides may decompose at low temperature to form radical which can initiate the grafting.The physical and chemical properties of grafting films were also investigated.