Reactions of hafnium nitride with molybdenum,tungsten, and tantalum

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics -     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中钨钽铪铼

镍基单晶高温合金中高含量的钨、钽、铪、铼等难熔元素,不仅对样品前处理造成阻碍,而且其元素间的光谱干扰会对测定结果造成严重影响。实验采用18mL盐酸-2mL硝酸-2mL氢氟酸溶解样品,再加入酒石酸可使样品溶液长期稳定存在。通过研究单晶高温合金中钨、钽、铪、铼的谱线干扰情况,选择W 207.911nm、Ta 240.063nm、Hf 282.022nm、Re197.312nm作为分析谱线,采用基体匹配法配制标准溶液系列绘制校准曲线,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镍基单晶高温合金中钨、钽、铪、铼。各元素在线性范围内校准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.999 7;方法检出限为0.000 1%～0.000 8%。按照实验方法测定DD6单晶高温合金样品中钨、钽、铪、铼,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为1.0%～2.5%;加标回收率为96%～102%。     

废钨渣中钽、铌、钨高效共提新工艺研究

阐述了采用氟盐转型-HF-H2SO4浸出-氟盐氨转化循环利用过程同步提取废钨渣中的钽、铌、钨的新工艺.通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件,在最优条件下可分别获得Ta2O5和Nb2O5含量分别为6.08%和27.29%的钽铌富集渣及WO3含量为26.71%的钨富集渣.两种富集渣均可直接用于工业生产.钽、铌、钨的单程回收率分别达到83.18%、88.33%和77.91%.该方法工艺流程简单,操作条件温和,且由于氟盐可实现循环利用,工艺过程物料消耗低、成本低廉、技术经济性良好.     

Thermodynamic characteristics of hafnium and tantalum diboride in a wide temperature range

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2(314), pp. 60–64, February, 1989.     

The influence of cobalt,tantalum, and tungsten on the microstructure of single crystal nickel-base superalloys

The influence of composition on the microstructure of single crystal nickel-base superalloys was investigated. Co was replaced by Ni, and Ta was replaced by either Ni or W, according to a matrix of compositions based on MAR-M247. Substitution of Ni for Co caused an increase inγ′ solvus temperature, an increase inγ-γ′ lattice mismatch, and the precipitation of W-rich phases in the alloys with high refractory metal levels. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large decreases inγ′ solvus temperature,γ′ volume fraction, andγ-γ′ lattice mismatch, whereas substitution of W for Ta resulted in smaller decreases in these features. For the alloys withγ′ particles that remained coherent, substitution of Ni for Co caused an increase inγ′ coarsening rate. The two alloys with the largest magnitude of lattice mismatch possessedγ′ particles which lost coherency during unstressed aging and exhibited anomalously low coarsening rates. Creep exposure at 1000 °C resulted in the formation ofγ′ lamellae oriented perpendicular to the applied stress axis in all alloys.     

CSP-铌、钒、钛微合金化钢铸坯中析出相的分析

介绍了Nb-V-Ti微合金钢薄板坯连铸状态下,MC,M(CN)相其粒度大小分布,以及对M3C,MC,MCN,AlN,MnS及CaS等相的测定结果.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中铌钽钨锡

采用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4溶解地球化学样品,以50 mg/L酒石酸-1％ HCl为测定介质克服了铌、钽、钨、锡易水解的特性,选择93 Nb、181 Ta、182W、118Sn为分析同位素及50 ng/mL185Re为内标,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定地球化学样品中微量铌、钽、钨、锡的...     

Processing and characterization of Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, and Ti2AlC0.5N0.5

In this article, we report on the fabrication and characterization of Ti₂AlC, Ti₂AlN, and Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5. Reactive hot isostatic pressing (hipping) at ≈40 MPa of the appropriate mixtures of Ti, Al₄C₃ graphite, and/or AlN powders for 15 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5, 30 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti₂AlC. Despite our best efforts, samples of Ti₂AlN (hot isostatic pressed (hipped) at 1400 °C for 48 hours) contain anywhere between 10 and 15 vol pct of ancillary phases. At ≈25 μM, the average grain sizes of Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 and Ti₂AlC are comparable and are significantly smaller than those of Ti₂AlN, at ≈100 μm. All samples are fully dense and readily machinable. The room-temperature deformation under compression of the end-members is noncatastrophic or graceful. At room temperature, solid-solution strengthening is observed; Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 is stronger in compression, harder, and more brittle than the end-members. Conversely, at temperatures greater than 1200 °C, a solid-solution softening effect is occurring. The thermal-expansion coefficients (CTEs) of Ti₂AlC, Ti₂AlN, and Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 are, respectively, 8.2 × 10⁻⁶, 8.8 × 10⁻⁶, and 10.5 × 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹, in the temperature range from 25 °C to 1300 °C. The former two values are in good agreement with the CTEs determined from high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical conductivity of the solid solution (3.1 × 10⁶ (Θ m)⁻¹) is in between those of Ti₂AlC and Ti₂AlN, which are 2.7 × 10⁶ and 4.0 × 10⁶ Θ ⁻¹ m⁻¹, respectively.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定硬质合金中钨钴镍铁铌钽铬

采用高纯氧化物经四硼酸锂和碳酸锂熔融制样制备单一氧化物熔融细粉,称取不同质量单一熔融细粉混合后二次熔融合成各元素含量不同的硬质合金人工标准样品,制作校准曲线,选用经验系数法进行基体校正,建立了无定值标样下X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定钨钴或钨镍类钨基硬质合金中钴、镍、铁、铌、钽、铬、钨元素的分析方法。各元素校准曲线线性范围宽,相关系数均大于0.998。对人工配制标准样品的精密度进行考察,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.5%;对硬质合金样品进行精密度考察,精密度良好。准确度验证结果表明,测定结果与GB/T 26050-2010的测试结果及化学法测定值吻合。方法的建立解决了硬质合金定值标准样品难于获得的问题。     

Combined electrochemical processing of the wastes of nickel superalloys containing rhenium,tungsten, tantalum,niobium, and other precious metals

Electrochemical anodic oxidation of nickel superalloy ZhS32 under the action of a direct current in an acid solution H₂SO₄ + HCl has been studied to reveal its efficiency for combined processing of the wastes of this alloy. The material balance of the process and the approaches to processing the formed materials for the production of commercial products meeting relevant technological conditions are discussed.     

脉冲熔融-飞行时间质谱法同时测定钨和钽中氧氮氢

在对仪器测定条件优化的基础上, 以0.15 g镍箔作助熔剂, 采用自行设计的由套坩埚和内坩埚组成的新型石墨坩埚, 建立了同时测定难熔金属钨、钽中氧、氮和氢的脉冲熔融-飞行时间质谱法。选择与钨、钽产品中氧和氮含量较匹配的钢标准样品建立测定氧和氮的校准曲线, 和与钨、钽产品中氢含量较匹配的钛标准样品建立测定氢的校准曲线。方法中氧、氮、氢的检出限分别为0.5 μg、0.5 μg、0.4 μg, 测定下限分别为1.7 μg、1.7 μg、1.2 μg。方法用于钨条和钽片样品中氧、氮、氢的测定, 对于钨条样品氧、氮、氢测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为5.5%、11.5%、8.9%(n=11), 对于钽片样品氧、氮、氢测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为12%、24%、22%(n=11), 并且氧、氢和氮的测定结果分别与红外吸收法和热导法基本一致。     

The influence of cobalt,tantalum, and tungsten on the elevated temperature mechanical properties of single crystal nickel-base superalloys

The influence of composition on the tensile and creep strength of [001] oriented nickel-base superalloy single crystals at temperatures near 1000 °C was investigated. Cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten concentrations were varied according to a matrix of compositions based on the single crystal version of MAR-M247.* For alloys with the baseline refractory metal level of 3 wt pct Ta and 10 wt pct W, decreases in Co level from 10 to 0 wt pct resulted in increased tensile and creep strength. Substitution of 2 wt pct W for 3 wt pct Ta resulted in decreased creep life at high stresses, but improved life at low stresses. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large reductions in tensile strength and creep resistance, and corresponding increases in ductility. For these alloys with low Ta plus W totals, strength was independent of Co level. The effects of composition on properties were related to the microstructural features of the alloys. In general, high creep strength was associated with high levels ofγ′ volume fraction,γ-γ′ lattice mismatch, and solid solution hardening.     

The relative effects of chromium,molybdenum, tungsten,and tantalum on the occurrence of σ phase in cast Ni-Co-Cr alloys

Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum have been compared with each other in regard to their influence on the occurrence of Σ phase in cast nickel-base superalloys. The compositions of the alloys were similar to the chromium-enriched matrix of alloys strengthened by λ′ precipitate, but with systematic variations in refractory-metal content. To induce precipitation of Σ phase, the alloys were aged for 3000 h at 1400?F (760?C), 1550?F (845?C), and 1700?F (925?C). Quantities of Σ phase were determined with the aid of an image-analyzing computer. On an atomic percentage basis, molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum are equivalent with regard to the minimum concentration of each element that is necessary to cause Σ phase precipitation in 3000 h; their potency is slightly more than twice as high as that of further chromium additions above the 37.5 at. pct base chromium level. At higher refractory metal concentrations, somewhat greater quantities of Σ phase are formed by specific atomic concentrations of molybdenum and tungsten than by tantalum. Tantalum also forms large quantities of a tantalum-containing Μ phase in the as-cast ingot and a (Ni, Co)₃Ta phase on aging, the volume of all precipitate being much higher than the quantity of Σ phase for the molybdenum- and tungsten-containing alloys. At any given atomic concentration of molybdenum, tungsten, or tantalum, considerably larger quantities of Σ phase are formed than by a given increment of chromium above the 37.5 at. pct base chromium concentration in Mo-W-Ta-free alloys.