A Multi-Trip Split-Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows for Inventory Replenishment Under Stochastic Travel Times

This study considers a multi-trip split-delivery vehicle routing problem with soft time windows for daily inventory replenishment under stochastic travel times. Considering uncertainty in travel times for vehicle routing problems is beneficial because more robust schedules can be generated and unanticipated consequences can be reduced when schedules are implemented in reality. However, uncertainties in model parameters have rarely been addressed for the problems in this category mainly due to the high problem complexity. In this study, an innovative and practical approach is proposed to consider stochastic travel times in the planning process. In the planning model, the possible outcomes of vehicle arrivals and product delivery at retailers are systematically categorized and their associated penalty and reward are estimated. Thus, unanticipated costs for every scheduling decision can be incorporated into the planning model to generate vehicle routing schedules that are more robust facing uncertain traffic conditions. To solve the model that is characterized as an NP-hard problem in a reasonable amount of time, a two-stage heuristic solution algorithm is proposed. Finally, the stochastic model is compared with the deterministic model in both planning and simulated operation stages using the data of a supply chain in Taiwan. The result confirms that the schedule generated by the stochastic model is more robust than the one created with the deterministic model because undesired outcomes such as unfulfilled demands are greatly reduced.     

多车种随机需求车辆路由问题的遗传算法

该文给出了多种类型车辆随机节点需求车辆路由问题(VRP)的遗传算法。将各个节点的需求作为一个随机数,同一条路径上车辆允许路由失败(routingfailure)的次数作为一个可控制的参数,对于节点需求服从给定的已知分布的VRP问题,给出了一些更简单实用的递推公式,并在此基础上通过巧妙地设计交配规则,得到遗传算法,并经实例运算对比,效果很好。     

Travel Time Reliability in Vehicle Routing and Scheduling with Time Windows

This paper presents calibration of the Vehicle Routing and scheduling Problems with Time Windows-Probabilistic (VRPTW-P) model which takes into account the uncertainty of travel times. Probe vehicle data of travel times were obtained from usual operation of pickup-delivery trucks in South Osaka area. The optimal solution of the VRPTW-P model resulted in reducing total cost, running times and CO₂, NOx and Particle Materials (PM) emissions compared with the usual operation. This is attributed to better routing of VRPTW-P to choose more reliable roads. Therefore, VRPTW-P can contribute to establish efficient and environmentally friendly delivery systems in urban area.     

电子商务中有时间窗物流配送路径优化研究

电子商务物流企业面临的是多批次、小批量、时间要求高、需求个性化的现代化市场,为了提高模型的适用性和通用性,将传统车辆调度模型进行修改,将目标函数改为基于费用最小,在约束条件中增加最大工作时间、多类车型、车辆载重量限制和最大行驶距离。由于有时间窗的车辆调度问题是NP难问题,采用改进两阶段算法进行求解。即第一阶段用K-means将客户群分成若干区域;第二个阶段对各个分组内客户点,就是一个个单独TSPTW模型的线路优化问题,采用混合遗传算法进行优化求解,最后,结合具体实例,证明该改进算法的良好性能。     

带工作时间与时间窗的开放式车辆路径问题

在BtoC电子商务物流配送活动中,配送公司外包车辆和配送人员上班具有时间限制。为求解带工作时间与时间窗约束的开放式车辆路径问题(OVRPTWWT),构建其混合整数规划模型,给出一种求解该问题的非代际克隆选择算法,对算法中抗体的更新与抑制策略进行改进,设计出新的克隆选择方法。通过实验验证了该模型与OVRPTWWT非代际克隆选择算法的有效性。     

嵌套分割算法在随机需求车辆路径问题中的应用研究

对需求量满足二项分布的随机需求车辆路径问题进行了研究,在服务失败时采取允许部分服务的策略,并将嵌套分割算法与扫描算法相结合,给出了一种新的求解随机需求车辆路径问题的两阶段算法,数值试验验证了该算法的有效性。同时,该算法也拓展了车辆路径问题的算法空间。     

A Glowworm Swarm Optimization algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands

The Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is a relatively new swarm intelligence algorithm that simulates the movement of the glowworms in a swarm based on the distance between them and on a luminescent quantity called luciferin. This algorithm has been proven very efficient in the problems that has been applied. However, there is no application of this algorithm, at least to our knowledge, in routing type problems. In this paper, this nature inspired algorithm is used in a hybrid scheme (denoted as Combinatorial Neighborhood Topology Glowworm Swarm Optimization (CNTGSO)) with other metaheuristic algorithms (Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm and Path Relinking (PR) algorithm) for successfully solving the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands. The major challenge is to prove that the proposed algorithm could efficiently be applied in a difficult combinatorial optimization problem as most of the applications of the GSO algorithm concern solutions of continuous optimization problems. Thus, two different solution vectors are used, the one in the continuous space (which is updated as in the classic GSO algorithm) and the other in the discrete space and it represents the path representation of the route and is updated using Combinatorial Neighborhood Topology technique. A migration (restart) phase is, also, applied in order to replace not promising solutions and to exchange information between solutions that are in different places in the solution space. Finally, a VNS strategy is used in order to improve each glowworm separately. The algorithm is tested in two problems, the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands in a number of sets of benchmark instances giving competitive and in some instances better results compared to other algorithms from the literature.     

基于交叉熵法解决随机需求车辆路径问题

提出一种解决随机需求车辆路径问题(VRPSD)新方法。首先,采用预防性补救措施,建立了VRPSD模型,其次,为提高标准交叉熵(SCE)法性能,对用于更新Markov转移矩阵的路径,设计了根据分位值改变大小的自适应调整方法。仿真结果验证了该算法解决VRPSD的有效性。     

Particle Swarm Optimization for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands

This paper introduces a new hybrid algorithmic approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for successfully solving one of the most popular supply chain management problems, the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (VRPSD). The VRPSD is a well known NP-hard problem in which a vehicle with finite capacity leaves from the depot with full load and has to serve a set of customers whose demands are known only when the vehicle arrives to them. A number of different variants of the PSO are tested and the one that performs better is used for solving benchmark instances from the literature.     

需求随机车辆调度问题的遗传算法研究

文中主要研究了需求随机的车辆调度问题,其中服务需求量满足二项式分布.首先分析了随机分布规律中分布参数与车辆调度服务失败的允许次数之间的关系,并在此基础上建立了需求随机的车辆调度问题数学模型,由于对允许服务失败的次数没有明确限制,使得模型能适应多种实际问题.针对建立的数学模型设计了问题求解的遗传算法,算法中对遗传算子进行了改进.数值计算结果表明:文中所提出的模型和设计的遗传算法能够有效地解决服务需求随机的车辆调度问题.     

时变路网下带混合时间窗的车辆路径问题

针对时变路网下带混合时间窗的车辆路径问题,综合考虑多中心联合配送、混合时间窗、车辆行驶速度连续变化及车辆行驶速度、载重量对油耗的影响,以车辆派遣成本、油耗成本及时间窗惩罚成本之和最小为目标建立优化模型,并设计自适应遗传-大邻域搜索算法对其进行求解。该算法采用自适应交叉、变异以加快种群寻优速度,并引入时差插入法改进交叉算子和变异算子,嵌入移除算子和插入算子对可行解进行摧毁和重建以增加种群的多样性。通过多组算例验证算法的有效性,并分析了混合时间窗客户的比例变化及车辆行驶速度变化对车辆调度方案的影响,结果表明自适应遗传-大邻域搜索算法较基本算法有着更好的求解性能。该研究成果可丰富车辆路径问题的相关研究,为物流企业优化决策配送方案提供理论依据。     

带时间窗限制的车辆调度子路径平衡性研究

带时间窗限制的车辆路径规划问题(VRPTW)是物流领域中一个很重要的问题.路径平衡性作为该问题域新兴的需求,迫切需要得到更深入的研究.本文基于其国际标准测试用例,设计了一个三阶段启发式算法,与已公布的最佳结果比较,该算法以较小的代价获得了更佳质量的近似解.     

基于遗传算法求解带时间窗的车辆路由问题

提出一种改进的遗传算法，用于求解带时间窗的车辆路由问题．在算法中采用了直观的自然数缟码机制、三复本锦标赛的选择方法和改进的启发式交叉算子，实验表明该方法用于求解带时间窗的车辆路由问题的有效性．     

基于多目标遗传算法求解时间窗车辆路径问题

有别于传统的单目标方法,将带时间窗约束的车辆路径问题描述成为一个多目标最优化问题,并为之提出了一种多目标遗传算法。在算法中设计了擂台法则作为构造非支配集的方法,提出了可变爬山率的局部爬山法,并通过将组合种群分成多层非支配集来实现精英保留策略。实验结果表明,该算法能有效地求解车辆路径问题并且为决策者提供了强有力的决策支持。     

分批配送的有时间窗车辆路径问题的遗传算法

给出了分批配送的有时问窗车辆路径问题（BVRPTM）的数学模型。通过引入改进的路径可行化方法和MRC交叉算于，构造了一种适于求解BVRPTM的遗传算法。实验结果表明，该算法能有效地解决BVRPTM，并取得了较好的优化结果。     

Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time windows (VRPTW) is an extension of the capacity constrained Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The VRPTW is NP-Complete and instances with 100 customers or more are very hard to solve optimally. We represent the VRPTW as a multi-objective problem and present a genetic algorithm solution using the Pareto ranking technique. We use a direct interpretation of the VRPTW as a multi-objective problem, in which the two objective dimensions are number of vehicles and total cost (distance). An advantage of this approach is that it is unnecessary to derive weights for a weighted sum scoring formula. This prevents the introduction of solution bias towards either of the problem dimensions. We argue that the VRPTW is most naturally viewed as a multi-objective problem, in which both vehicles and cost are of equal value, depending on the needs of the user. A result of our research is that the multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm returns a set of solutions that fairly consider both of these dimensions. Our approach is quite effective, as it provides solutions competitive with the best known in the literature, as well as new solutions that are not biased toward the number of vehicles. A set of well-known benchmark data are used to compare the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving the VRPTW.     

带时间窗的粮食物流车辆路径问题的研究

带时间窗的粮食物流车辆路径问题是一个典型的NP—难问题。针对粮食物流批量大、多点对多点等特点,建立了带时间窗的粮食物流车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows,VRPTM）的数学模型,进一步构造粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）用于问题求解,并将求解结果与遗传算法进行比较。结果表明,粒子群算法可以快速、有效地求得带时间窗的粮食物流车辆路径问题的优化解,降低配送成本。     

半柔性覆盖的多配送中心路线优化问题研究

为应对双十一618需求突发性爆涨下物流配送网络的爆仓、滞缓等问题,提出能够兼顾配送系统稳定性和配送路线竞争性的半柔性覆盖策略,研究半柔性覆盖的多配送中心路线优化问题.在传统配送中心路线优化问题的基础上,根据地理位置,区分固定需求点和柔性需求点,定义固定需求点只能由所属配送中心服务,而柔性需求点可由多个配送中...     

时相关车辆路径规划问题的改进A*算法

时相关车辆路径问题是研究时变路网环境下的车辆路径优化问题.首先,分别采用阶跃函数和分段连续函数描述不同路径上的跨时段行驶速度和威胁度,将路径时间指标和路径威胁指标表示成时相关函数;其次,为提高搜索效率,对传统A*算法进行改进,在启发函数中增加了最短路径中当前结点的父结点信息,构造了包含里程指标、时间指标和威胁指标的时相关启发函数;最后,构造了包含100个结点、190条路径的车辆机动保障路网模型,通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性.     

混合最大最小蚁群算法在VRPTW中的应用

为解决有时间窗车辆路径问题,采用两个最大最小蚁群系统,一个蚁群最小化车辆数量,另一个蚁群最小化旅行距离。通过分析有时间窗车辆路径问题和旅行商问题的区别,改进了最大最小蚁群算法中状态转移策略,并增加与可用车辆相同数量的虚拟仓库,使这两个蚁群使用独立的信息素但通过分享全局最优解来协作,算法还结合了2-opt局部搜索,从而减少了算法的计算时间并避免过早收敛。仿真实验结果表明,该算法性能优良,能有效地求解有时间窗车辆路径问题。