防治蔬菜灰霉病解淀粉芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及抑菌特性

[目的]为研制防治蔬菜灰霉病的新型生物农药,进行高效生防菌的分离筛选及抑菌特性研究。[方法]通过形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,对拮抗菌进行鉴定;采用平板扩散法测定发酵液的抑菌特性。[结果]分离筛选出1株对黄瓜灰霉病具有高效拮抗作用解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);该菌株在生长对数期产生抗菌物质,并在30-38 h达到最大值;产生的抗菌物质有很好的热、酸碱稳定性,紫外线照射不敏感,常温储存6个月活性保持在80%以上;抗菌谱测定表明其对黄瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)、黄瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)等多种病原菌具有显著抑菌效果。[结论]该菌株所产抗菌物质性能稳定,抗菌谱宽,抑菌力强,具有开发成新型广谱生物农药的潜力。     

啤酒废水培养复合型生物絮凝剂产生菌的研究

从空气和活性污泥中筛选出絮凝剂产生菌,对其进行筛选并纯化,得到絮凝活性较高且稳定的菌株M1和M2.以啤酒废水为廉价培养基,对这2株菌的复合菌(M1-2)进行培养,考察各种因素对复合菌絮凝效果的影响.结果表明,M1-2的最佳培养条件为:直接利用啤酒废水,不另外添加碳源和氮源,只需添加质量分数O.5%的KH2PO4;温度30℃,培养基初始pH=8.5,培养时间48h,摇床转速为160r·min-1.在此条件下所产生的絮凝剂对质量浓度为50g·L-1的高岭土悬液絮凝率可达95.0%,说明啤酒废水中含有丰富的营养物质,作为培养基为絮凝剂产生菌M1-2种提供丰富的碳源和氮源,从而可降低培养成本.     

产抗生素南极海洋放线菌的筛选及培养条件优化

对32株南极海洋放线菌进行抑菌活性实验,筛选出3株具有一定抑菌活性的放线菌,分别命名为GD-F1、GD-F2和GD-F3,其中GD-F2的抑菌活性较高;探讨了碳源、氮源、pH值等条件对GD-F2产抗生素的影响,确定GD-F2产抗生素的最佳培养条件为：碳源为可溶性淀粉、氮源为大豆粉或酵母膏、用天然海水和蒸馏水各一半配制培养基、无机盐浓度为改良高氏一号培养基的一半、pH值为7．0,为南极海洋放线菌的机理研究和应用奠定了基础。     

一株人参广谱拮抗菌株的筛选、鉴定及抗菌物质性质

[目的]筛选出对人参7种病原菌都具有很好抑菌效果的菌株,明确菌株种类和产生的抗菌物质性质,为进一步研究应用奠定基础。[方法]采用平板对峙培养法筛选获得1株广谱抑菌菌株LG2,通过形态学、生理生化和16S r RNA序列分析鉴定其种类;采用热、酸碱、蛋白酶和紫外照射处理,测定明确LG2产生的活性物质性质;通过田间试验测定发酵液对人参灰霉病的防治效果。[结果]通过筛选获得1株广谱抑菌菌株LG2,鉴定其为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae);通过混菌法测定其产生抗菌物质具有很好的耐热、耐酸碱、耐蛋白酶和抗紫外线的性质;田间试验证明,LG2发酵5倍稀释液对人参灰霉病的防治效果达73.99%,与对照药剂50%嘧菌环胺WG 0.67 mg/L的防效相当(74.13%)。[结论]获得1株具有很好应用前景的菌株LG2。     

重组大肠杆菌DH5α发酵培养基的优化

为了提高重组大肠杆菌DH5α生产rNGR—Tum-5,研究了培养基中不同种类的碳氮源物质和微量元素对工程菌生产蛋白能力的影响。得出在培养基组分（％）为：甘油1,酵母粉3,蛋白胨1,氯化钠0．5,微量元素母液150u时,重组大肠杆菌DH5仅生产rNGR-Tum-5最强,较初始培养基提高了5倍。     

河南省番茄灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗药性检测

[目的]明确河南省番茄灰霉病菌对苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺的抗药性状况。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定从河南省不同保护地中采集、分离的101株番茄灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的敏感性。[结果]高抗菌株8株(7.92%),中抗菌株52株(51.49%),低抗菌株22株(21.78%),敏感菌株19株(18.81%)。[结论]河南省番茄灰霉病菌已对嘧霉胺产生不同水平的抗药性,各地应合理更换或轮换使用与嘧霉胺无交互抗性的药剂,以确保番茄灰霉病的有效控制。     

利用啤酒废水培养生物絮凝剂产生菌的研究

从空气和活性污泥中筛选出絮凝剂产生菌,对其进行筛选并纯化得到絮凝活性较高且稳定的菌株M3。以啤酒废水为廉价培养基,对絮凝剂产生菌M3进行培养,考察外加碳源、氮源、培养基pH值、培养时间等因素对絮凝剂产生菌絮凝效果的影响。得出了M3的最佳培养条件:直接利用啤酒废水,无需另外添加碳源和氮源,只需添加0.5%的KH2PO4,温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为8.5,培养时间为48 h,摇床转速为160 r/min。在此条件下所产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬液絮凝率高达93.5%。     

固定化R.oryzae细胞发酵产胞内脂肪酶及其催化制备生物柴油

采用含胞内脂肪酶的微生物细胞催化油脂原料生产生物柴油是目前生物柴油生产领域的一个新的研究方向.探讨了以聚氨酯泡沫颗粒作为载体固定化R.oryzae细胞对细胞生长与产胞内脂肪酶的影响,并对固定化R.oryzae发酵条件进行了优化,特别对氮源的选用进行了研究.结果表明,选用廉价的豆粉作为有机氮源培养R. oryzae细胞效果较好,与以蛋白胨作为培养基氮源相比,单位培养基所得菌体的总酶活提高至1.55倍,同时,氮源利用率大大提高.进一步考察了有机氮源与无机氮源复合培养R.oryzae细胞的情况,发现豆粉与(NH4)2 HPO4复合效果较好.利用正交设计对培养基中各种无机盐成分进行了优化.优化结果为全脂豆粉2%,大豆油3%,MgSO4 0.035 %, K2HPO4 0.12 %,(NH4)2 HPO4 0.10 %,上述培养条件下,单位培养基培养菌体胞内脂肪酶活可达6054.2 U·L-1培养基.以该条件下培养菌体催化大豆油生产生物柴油,在叔丁醇体系下,反应24 h生物柴油得率可达68.5%.     

鱼腥草内生放线菌F03培养条件的优化及抑菌活性物质的初步研究

F03是分离于秦岭野生鱼腥草根部的一株抗菌活性较强的内生放线菌。以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用单因素实验和正交实验对鱼腥草内生放线菌F03培养基的碳源、氮源和发酵条件进行优化,并对发酵液抑菌活性物质进行初步研究。优化后的最佳培养基为:葡萄糖30g,蔗糖10g,黄豆粉10g,蛋白胨10g,K2HPO40.3g,NaCl 1g,CaCO32g,蒸馏水1 000mL;最优发酵条件为:发酵液初始pH值8,发酵时间7d,发酵温度28℃,摇床转速140r·min-1,接种量7%;抑菌活性物质的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性好;Doskochilova溶剂系统纸层析测定结果表明,该发酵液中对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑菌活性的物质为水溶性抗生素。     

杜仲抗真菌蛋白对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用

用纸片琼脂扩散法研究了杜仲抗真菌蛋白对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用.体外抗菌活性分析表明:杜仲抗真菌蛋白抑菌圈直径为14.5 mm,抑菌环宽度为4.3 mm,抑菌活性相当于50%多菌灵可湿粉剂的66.8%,IC50值为62.5 mg/L.杜仲抗真菌蛋白对番茄灰霉病菌有显著的抑制活性.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.