MIMO-OFDM系统中基于虚子载波的低复杂度盲频偏估计

频偏估计是MIMO-OFDM系统设计的一个关键问题.本文在前人研究成果的基础上,提出了一种基于OFDM系统固有虚子载波结构的低复杂度载波频偏估计算法,不需要任何额外的导频(零或非零)资源,在小频偏范围内可以精确估计出频偏,在频偏范围较大时,可通过增加泰勒级数近似项和应用迭代机制继续获得很高的估计精度.     

An Efficient Maximum Likelihood Carrier Frequency Offset Estimator for OFDM Using Null Subcarriers and Cyclic Prefix

Accurate estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is an important requirement in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid procedure to accomplish this task efficiently. One of the key importance of the approach is the judicious combination of two independent estimators so as to reduce the bandwidth overhead and computational complexity over many conventional methods. It employs the cyclic prefix and a few null subcarriers, respectively, for the fractional and integer frequency offset estimations. We also propose a novel null subcarrier allocation scheme based on Fibonacci series. The range of frequency offset that can be estimated by the proposed technique is equal to the full OFDM bandwidth. Furthermore, performance of the proposed CFO estimator is mathematically analyzed by deriving an expression for the bit error probability of the receiver under Rayleigh fading channel and the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the mean square estimation error. For moderate SNRs, our approach is shown to greatly outperform some recently published methods in terms of BER performance, bandwidth overhead and receiver complexity.     

Improved Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDM Systems

1　Introduction　OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(OFDM )isaneffectivetransmissionschemetocombatmultipathfading[1 ] .Byinsertingaguardin tervalbetweensymbolblockscalledcyclicprefix ,theInterSymbolInterference (ISI)canbemitigat ed.OFDMwasadoptedasthemodulationschemeforaDigitalAudioBroadcasting(DAB)system[2 ]andADSL (AsymmetryDigitalSubscriberLoop) [3]andwasalsoproposedastheterrestrialHDTVtransportinEurope[4] .　OFDMsystemsareverysensitivetocarrierfre quencyoffset,andcarrie…     

Blind Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset and DC Offset for OFDM Systems

In this letter, a blind joint carrier frequency offset and DC offset (DCO) estimator for OFDM systems is proposed. By exploiting the underlying subspace of the received OFDM signals after the time-domain-average based coarse DCO cancellation, the proposed estimator can achieve excellent performance, which is demonstrated by simulations.     

OFDM系统上行链路的一种载波偏差估计算法

通过分析OFDM信号的特点,该文给出了OFDM系统上行链路的一种基于高倍钟采样的载波偏差估计算法.与采用循环前缀的载波偏差估计算法相比,该算法实现复杂度低,算法精度高,受用户子载波数目影响较小,适宜于多用户OFDM系统.计箅机仿真表明该算法具有优良的性能,优于采用循环前缀的载波偏差估计算法.     

Maximum-Likelihood Estimator for Coarse Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are more sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) compared to the conventional single carrier systems. CFO destroys the orthogonality among subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI) and degrading system performance. To mitigate the effect of the CFO, it has to be estimated and compensated before the demodulation. The CFO can be divided into an integer part and a fractional part. In this paper, we investigate a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) for estimating the integer part of the CFO in OFDM systems, which requires only one OFDM block as the pilot symbols. To reduce the computational complexity of the MLE and improve the bandwidth efficiency, a suboptimum estimator (Sub MLE) is studied. Based on the hypothesis testing method, a threshold Sub MLE (T-Sub MLE) is proposed to further reduce the computational complexity. The performance analysis of the proposed T-Sub MLE is obtained and the analytical results match the simulation results well. Numerical results show that the proposed estimators are effective and reliable in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-selective fading channels in OFDM systems.

Blind Integer Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems with Constant Modulus Signaling

This paper presents a blind integer carrier frequency offset (IFO) estimator for the constant modulus (CM) signaling based OFDM systems. The key idea behind this method is a power reallocation technique which modifies the power of data in some predefined subcarriers over two consecutive OFDM symbols, thus the IFO can be estimated in the receiver via analyzing the distribution of these subcarriers. Instead of the exhaustive search, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed. The selection criterions of these predefined subcarriers are carefully designed and more than two OFDM symbols are employed to improve the robustness of this method to the multipath effect. Furthermore, this method can be applicable in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems with the orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC).     

OFDM同步跟踪阶段的频偏估计算法

ＯＦＤＭ对栽频偏差是很敏感的，因此不仅在同步的捕获阶段，而且在同步的跟踪阶段，精确的频偏估计是很重要的。文献［３］提出了一种简化的相干判决反馈的迭代算法来估计同步跟踪阶段的载频偏差，对于１２８个子载波、ＱＰＳＫ调制的ＯＦＤＭ系统，在多径衰落信道下，当频偏小于子载波间隔的１５％时，频偏估计的标准方差小于１％，但是这个结果是在假设信道频率响应、定时偏差、载波相位等参数已知的条件下取得的，而当这些参数的估计存在误差时，由仿真结果可看出，频偏估计性能恶化了，因此，提出了采用差分判决反馈的频偏估计算法，虽然只能估计小于子载波间隔 ８％的频偏，但差分判决反馈算法不需要知道信道的参数，由于在同步跟踪阶段，频偏一般都较小，因此采用差分判决反馈算法可以很好地估计出同步跟踪阶段的频率偏差。     

Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for Underwater Acoustic OFDM Systems

This paper presents a practical low-density paritycheck (LDPC) coded OFDM system designed for the underwater acoustic channel with its attendant sparse multipath channel and Doppler effects. The carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel state information (CSI) are assumed unavailable to both to the transmitter and the receiver. Several different receiver structures are considered, all of which perform CFO/channel estimation, detection and decoding in an iterative manner. The convergence behavior of the iterative receivers and their asymptotic performance are evaluated using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart method. OFDM receiver performance is further evaluated through simulations and field tests in shallow water.     

A Numerical Technique for Blind Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems

This paper proposes a numerical technique based on the Newton-Raphson method for blind maximum-likelihood estimation of carrier frequency offset in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. The proposed technique is characterized by low complexity and fast convergence while maintaining the estimation accuracy     

A Novel Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Multipath Channels

This paper introduces a novel method to estimate fractional carrier frequency offset (CFO) under time-varying multipath channels in OFDM systems based on the approximation of Basis Expansion Model (BEM). Due to the symmetrical character of the BEM basis, we propose a new design of training sequence with trailing zeros. This training sequence can be used at the receiver to estimate the frequency offset without channel estimation only in one OFDM symbol. We also compare our method with Beek’s ML estimator and Lv’s fine synchronization estimator. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method provides an improved performance when the training sequence has a short length.

基于可变遗忘因子RLS在OFDM系统的载波频偏估计

在时变信道下正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,通过导频辅助,提出基于可变遗忘因子RLS（VFF-RLS）的载波频偏（CFO）估计改进算法。针对传统RLS（CFF-RLS）算法中遗忘因子无法同时满足CFO估计收敛速度和收敛精度的缺陷,本文设计了线性变化遗忘因子(LFF)和非线性变化遗忘因子(NLFF) 两种可变遗忘因子方案来提升CFO估计性能。仿真结果显示：在低信噪比的情形下,基于VFF-RLS算法的CFO估计性能明显优于基于CFF-RLS算法的CFO估计性能。     

使用空载波的OFDM频率同步方法分析与改进

该文分析了利用空载波进行频率偏移估计的一般方法,着重分析了在任意空载波分布下,包含有信道零点的频率同步算法。文章指出了空载波分布与信道零点分布对载波同步算法的影响,并提出了自适应的分布空载波以消除频率估计误差的方法,该方法在任意子载波分布时比常规方法性能有明显提高。     

一种新的OFDM系统载波频偏估计算法

在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,频率偏移会破坏子载波间的正交性,降低整个系统的性能。在研究传统频偏估计算法的基础上,利用简单的实数训练序列,进行OFDM系统的载波频偏估计,只需要一个训练序列,就可以有效地在时域内同时对小数倍和整数倍的频率偏移进行估计。仿真结果表明,基于实数训练序列的载波频偏估计算法不仅方法简单,易于实现,而且可提高频偏估计精度。     

基于RLS算法的OFDM CFO与STO联合估计方法

针对OFDM载波频偏与采样时偏的联合估计问题,提出了一种基于递推最小二乘(RLS)算法的新方法.该估计方法采用递推计算方式,能方便实时地更新偏差量的估计值.仿真结果表明,这一方法与现有的同类方法相比,在相同的信道条件下具有更优的估计性能.     

OFDM Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Methods With Improved Performance

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly sensitive to carrier frequency offset and symbol timing error. This paper deals with estimation method of integer frequency offset (IFO) without the aid of pilot symbols. The proposed IFO estimator exploits two consecutive identical OFDM data symbols with only change of phase. In order to improve the accuracy of the IFO estimator, receive diversity is adopted. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed IFO estimators, comparisons are made with other existing estimators in terms of error performance, estimation range, and complexity.     

一种基于二倍钟采样的OFDM载波偏差估计算法

本文从OFDM信号的二倍钟采样出发,给出了一种载波偏差估计算法,该算法直接利用时域信号的采样来估计载波偏差,克服了频域实现算法受载波偏差影响大的缺点,使得算法在不同的载波偏移下具有相同的估计精度,载波偏差估计范围大,同时该算法充分利用信号的有效能量,估计精度高,优于采用循环前缀的算法;论文同时给出了算法性能的理论分析和计算机仿真结果.     

一种新的OFDM系统载波频率偏移估计和跟踪方案

针对载波偏移使OFDM系统出现严重的子载波干扰和性能的下降,该文提出一种OFDM频偏估计和跟踪方案,载频捕获阶段频偏估计采用时域内插入等值导频的方法,载频跟踪阶段不需要导频,而是利用循环前缀来估计频率偏移并进行校正。仿真结果证实,该方案中导频辅助的频率偏移估计和载频跟踪不仅估计范围大,而且估计值准确,频偏校正后系统的性能能达到信道理想估计条件下的误比特率。     

MIMO—OFDM系统基于虚子载波的ML频偏估计器

SISO-OFDM系统中基于虚子载波的最大似然（ML）频偏估计器的主要缺点是计算量较大。这里推导了该估计器在空间不相关MIMO-OFDM系统中的表达形式,并通过研究其代价函数的特殊结构,提出了一种基于逆快速傅里叶变换（IFFT）和分段搜索方法的低复杂度频偏估计器。在典型市区（Tu）信道中的仿真结果证明,与原ML估计器相比,这种估计器成功降低了计算量,保持了在中、高SNR区域的性能,同时改善了低SNR区域的性能。