辛氯乳油防治棉铃虫药效试验

１９９３年用４０％辛氯乳油进行了防治棉铃虫的药效试验，在河北和山西两地的试验结果表明，用该药８００、１０００、１５００倍液，药后３天均达到８５％以上的防效，药后５天，８００、１０００倍液达到了９０％以上的防效。显著高于５０％辛硫磷乳油和１０％氯氰菊酯乳油的防效。     

丙溴磷防治棉铃虫药效试验

１９９３、１９９４年用４０％丙溴磷乳油进行了防治棉铃虫药效试验，两年的试验结果表明，亩用该药６０、８０、１００毫升，在药后７ 天远达到了８０％以上的防效，亩施１００毫升，防效均达到９３．７％以上，明显高于２．５％三氟氯氰菊酯乳油亩施３０毫升的防效７７．０％。该药是一种防治抗性棉铃虫的优良杀虫剂，建议棉田用量为亩施８０￣１００毫升为宜。     

溴氟菊酯防治菜青虫

１９９５、１９９６年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油进行了防治菜青虫的田间药效试验。结果表明：用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油１０００和２０００倍稀释液，药后１天就达到了８０％以上的防效；药后７天，防效仍为９０％以上，各处理的防效均高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液的防效。     

2.5%三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓

田间试验表明,２．５％三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓效果好,药后１￣７天防效均在９０．６％,其中２０００倍液击倒力强,药后１￣３天防效可达１００％。在荔枝蝽蟓卵孵化高峰期宜用２０００￣３０００倍液防治,在低龄若虫高峰期用３０００￣４０００倍液防治为好。     

路路灵防治小菜蛾试验

田间试验结果表明，在小菜蛾低龄幼早高峰期，４０％路路灵乳油７５０，１０００倍液对小菜蛾药后３天的防效分别为９５．７％，８８．４％，药后７天为８８．８％，８３．９％，该药剂田间全用以７５０－１０００倍为宜，显著好于辛硫磷与氯氰菊酯，为了明确路路灵防治小菜蛾的田间防治效果，使用剂量，筛选蔬菜生产中急需解决的抗性害虫小菜蛾的有效药种，我们于１９９７年小菜蛾发生高峰期进行药效试验，现将结果报告如下。     

30%辛·百乳油防治抗性棉铃虫

田间药效试验表明，３０％辛·面乳油稀释１０００、１５００、２０００倍液，药的１－５天对棉田铃虫的防效达９３％－９７％。药后７天防效仍达８５％以上，保蕾效果达８１－９０％。     

丙硫克百威防治棉蚜药效试验初报

１９９３、１９９４年用２０％丙硫克百威乳油进行了防治棉蚜的药效试验。试验结果表明，用该药５００、７５０倍液，药后３天均达到了８０％以上的防效，药后７天，５００、７５０、１０００倍液远达到９０％以上的防效，其中５００、７５０倍液的防效达到９６％以上，显著高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液７０％的防效。该药对棉蚜具有良好的杀虫效果，田间使用以７５０￣１０００倍液为宜。     

瓜蚜和瓜绢螟的药剂防效试验

药剂防治蚜和瓜绢螟的田间试验结果表明,２５％喹硫磷乳油１０００倍液对瓜蚜防治效果最好,药后５天防效达１００％,２１％灭杀毙乳油２０００倍液,４０．７％乐斯本乳油１０００倍液＋病毒复合杀虫剂可湿粉１０００倍液混合液防治瓜绢螟效果最好,药后５天防效达１００％。     

氟铃脲对小菜蛾田间药效试验

１９９５年和１９９６年连续两年进行田间小区试验，结果表明５％氟铃脲乳油对小菜蛾具有良好的防治效果。使用浓度１：１０００－３０００倍液，药后７－１０天，在校正防效在８５％以上。与进口药剂５％抑太保乳油防效相当，明显优于２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油。     

11种杀虫剂对麦蚜药效评价

在田间用１１种较新及常用药剂对麦蚜做药效比较试验,各制剂的均稀释为２０００倍液,丁硫克百威,吡虫啉,硫丹,吡虫清及β－氟氯氰菊酯药后１－７天防效均在９５％以上;溴氰菊酯防效在９０％以上;唑蚜威防效在９０％左右;高效氯氰菊酯防铲在８５％以上;马拉硫磷安效可在９０％,而持效性差;常用的药剂氧乐果第三天防效虽达９０．７％,而１,７天防效仅分别为８７．９％及８０．６％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。