基于时空结构的阵列信号三维参数同时估计方法

提出了一种针对空间非相关窄带信号源的中心频率、方位角和俯仰角三维参数的同时估计方法。该方法通过对均匀双平行线阵时域采样构造虚拟阵元，然后结合空域采样数据构造时空DOA矩阵，对DOA矩阵进行特征分解，利用分解得到的特征值和特征向量估计出信号源的三维参数。该方法不需要进行谱峰搜索，运算量小，能实现频率、方位角和俯仰角的同时估计与自动配对，具有较高的分辨率，且能估计出比阵元数多的信号源的参数，给出的计算机仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

采用降秩多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法

针对双平行线阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,为有效降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于降秩多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的快速算法。首先利用MSWF的前向递推实现信号子空间的快速估计,无需估计协方差矩阵和特征分解;然后,通过MUSIC算法对方位角和俯仰角的估计进行分维估计,使二维DOA估计退化为两个一维DOA估计问题,且方位角和俯仰角自动配对,进一步降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法的估计精度优于同样基于双平行线阵提出的波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰角兼并时同样适用,计算复杂度低,适用于实时性要求高的应用背景。     

基于均匀圆阵相干信源的二维DOA估计

随着通信技术的不断发展,信号传输环境变得日益复杂。针对多径传播形成的高度相关和相干信号测向问题,提出了一种基于均匀圆阵相干信源的二维DOA估计方法。该方法利用均匀圆阵轴向虚拟平移解相干,通过去噪后利用虚拟子阵的自协方差矩阵和互协方差矩阵构造波达方向矩阵,利用该矩阵特征分解估计信号的俯仰角;然后将平滑后的自协方差矩阵与波束空间变换矩阵相乘,使圆阵的导向矢量具备范德蒙结构,最后用求根MUSIC算法估计出信号的方位角,完成了相干信号的二维DOA估计。该方法无需二维谱峰搜索,方位角和俯仰角自动配对,计算量小,分辨率高。仿真实验证明了所提方法的正确性。     

基于均匀圆阵的近场源三维参数估计

基于均匀圆阵,提出一种近场源距离-方位角-俯仰角联合估计算法。利用阵元观测数据,构造一组高阶累积量矩阵,通过矩阵联合对角化技术得到阵列流形矩阵的估计。根据阵列流形矩阵的估计以及近场和远场条件下方位角相同的结论,获得方位角的估计。利用阵列流形矩阵和方位角的估计,得到距离和俯仰角的估计。该方法无需二维频域峰值搜索或参数配对。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

一种可自动配对的二维波达方向估计算法

针对非相关远场窄带信号,提出了一种基于L阵模型的低复杂度高分辨二维波达方向估计算法。该方法通过利用互相关矩阵以及L阵的几何结构,消除了附加噪声的影响,且对于方位角和俯仰角的求取仅仅需要一维估计,同时该算法只需对一个低维矩阵进行特征值分解,减少了运算负担,该算法利用特征值求取俯仰角,利用相应的特征向量构造出的虚拟阵列响应矩阵求取与俯仰角配对的方位角。仿真进一步证明了算法的有效性,通过仿真还可以看出,该文所提方法在低信噪比、小快拍数和较小角度间距的情况下都具有良好的性能。     

基于稀疏表示的双平行线阵二维DOA估计

为了对空域目标的方位角和俯仰角进行有效估计,提出一种基于稀疏表示的双平行线阵二维DOA估计方法。首先需构建包含目标方位角和俯仰角信息的2个空间复合角;然后利用稀疏表示技术求解其中的一个空间复合角,以此作为前提条件,另一个空间复合角就可以解耦为一维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,利用矩阵运算可以求解出来;最后根据已求解的2个空间复合角对方位角和俯仰角进行配对求解。与现有算法相比较,所提方法受快拍数的影响较小,在信噪比较高、角度间隔较大的情况下,具有良好的性能。     

多基线数据融合的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计

提出了一种双基地MIMO雷达角度估计方法。在发射端利用ESPRIT算法获取长短基线的旋转不变因子,通过联合对角化提高离开角度(DOD)的估计精度。根据已估计的DOD,采用迭代算法得到接收导向矢量。针对等距线阵和非等距线阵,分别提出了基于范德蒙矩阵特性和解模糊的多基线联合到达角度(DOA)估计方法,避免了两维搜索且角度自动配对。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

一种信号频率及二维到达角联合估计新方法

提出了一种窄带信源频率、俯仰角及方位角联合估计新方法.该方法选择特定序号阵元输出计算的高阶累积量构造4个矩阵,然后在累积量域构造三面阵,并分析了该三面阵低秩分解的唯一性,接着利用分解得到的4个对角阵联合估计信源参数.该方法无须参数配对,无须谱峰搜索,适用于任意加性高斯噪声环境.仿真结果表明该算法是有效的.     

基于双向传播算子的互质面阵二维波达方向估计

针对谱峰搜索的二维波达方向估计中现有算法复杂度高,精度受搜索间隔影响较大的问题,给出了一种双向传播算子的互质面阵二维波达方向估计算法,实现了俯仰角和方位角的低复杂、高精度、无模糊联合估计.该方法首先将互质阵列引入到二维波达方向估计中,构造互质平面阵模型,然后采用两次旋转不变传播算子方法计算出不同阵列流型方向上的旋转因子矩阵,根据旋转因子矩阵解算出目标信号的俯仰角和方位角,同时利用互质理论消除了稀疏阵列角度估计的不确定性,证明了互质阵列模型下采用双向传播算子方法进行俯仰角和方位角估计的无模糊性.对算法的复杂度进行理论分析,并给出了平面阵列角度估计的克拉美罗界推导.理论分析与仿真结果表明,算法不需要进行角度匹配和谱峰搜索,在相同条件下的均方根误差性能优于均匀平面阵的多重信号分类算法,并且以较低的复杂度无模糊的达到了高维网格搜索的精度.     

基于均匀圆阵的空时二维波达方向估计算法

提出了一种适合于均匀圆阵的空时二维波达方向估计方法,该方法先利用模式激励技术对接收数据进行变换,再利用变换后数据之间的互相关关系将数据进一步映射到空时域,然后构造出一对空时DOA矩阵束,通过矩阵束的广义特征值就能够计算出所有入射信号的方位角和俯仰角.该方法完全避免了DOA矩阵类方法中难以克服的角度兼并问题,与UCA-ESPRIT算法相比,减小了孔径损失,使能够估计的信号数目增加了一倍.该方法具有免搜索和参数自动配对的特点.仿真结果证明了该算法的性能.     

2D DOA Estimator for Multiple Coherently Distributed Sources Using Modified Propagator

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for estimating the two-dimensional (2D) nominal direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources by utilizing three parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed algorithm firstly shows that some rotational eigenstructures exist approximately for three pair of shifted ULAs. And then a modified propagator method is used to estimate three rotational invariance matrices which denote the rotational eigenstructures. Finally, the nominal angular parameters of CD sources are obtained from the eigenvalues of the rotational invariance matrices. Without spectrum searching, the estimation and eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix, our approach is computationally more attractive compared with the earlier algorithms. In addition, it can be applied to the scenario with multiple sources that may have different angular distribution shapes. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the algorithm.     

An automatically paired two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation method for two parallel uniform linear arrays

In two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, paring the azimuth and elevation angles of multiple sources is an important issue. In this letter, we propose a new automatically paired 2-D DOA estimation method by designing the geometry of two antenna subarrays and using the propagator method (PM). A special geometry between two parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs) with a position displacement on the axial direction is proposed to facilitate the elevation and azimuth pairing and estimation. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method can achieve the same 2-D DOA estimation performance as the existing methods, while the complexity is reduced considerably.     

相干分布式信源二维波达方向估计算法

针对相干分布式信源二维波达方向估计算法多采用谱峰搜索导致计算复杂度较大的问题,该文提出了一种二维波达方向分离估计算法。该算法通过将积分形式的相干分布式信源方向向量化简为点信源方向向量与实向量的Schur-Hadamard积,对子阵X接收的数据构造二阶统计量;利用传播因子最小二乘估计子阵X与Z,X与W之间的旋转不变矩阵。由二阶统计量与旋转不变矩阵分别估计方位角与仰角,对于接近90的仰角也可给出有效的估计。与传统子空间算法相比,无需任何谱峰搜索和特征值分解,降低了计算复杂度。仿真实验表明了所提算法的有效性。     

Low-Complexity Estimation of the Nominal Azimuth and Elevation for Incoherently Distributed Sources

This paper develops a new technique for estimating the two-dimensional direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of incoherently distributed (ID) sources, which can estimate effectively the nominal azimuth and nominal elevation of multiple ID sources at the cost of less computational complexity. Using a pair of parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs), a new approach for 2D DOA estimation of multiple ID sources is proposed. The proposed method firstly estimates the nominal elevation by the modified TLS-ESPRIT method, which is based on the approximate rotational invariance property with respect to the nominal elevation between two closely parallel ULAs. And then with the help of the nominal elevation estimates, the nominal azimuth is estimated by one-dimensional searching. Without multi-dimensional searching, the proposed method has significantly reduced the computational cost compared with the existing methods. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can exhibit a good performance and be applied to the multisource scenario where different sources may have different angular distribution shapes.     

Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation by?Cross-Correlation Matrix Stacking

In this paper, we present a novel scheme to improve the two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance for narrowband signals impinging on two orthogonal uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed scheme exploits the cross-correlation matrix information between subarray data to construct a stacking matrix and derive an expanded signal subspace representation through the singular value decomposition (SVD). This method enables the alleviation of the effects of additive noise. In particular, 2-D DOA estimation can be achieved by computing two rotation matrices with the same set of eigenvectors obtained by partitioning the expanded signal subspace. The pair matching procedure for elevation and azimuth angles is implemented by permutation test. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the existing techniques in DOA estimation as well as the detection of successful pair matching.     

一种自动匹配的分布式非圆信号二维DOA快速估计方法

在相干分布式非圆信号2维波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用非圆特性后维数扩展带来的较大复杂度问题,且现有的低复杂度算法均需要额外的参数匹配,该文提出一种基于互相关传播算子的自动匹配2维DOA快速估计算法。该算法考虑L型阵列,在建立相干分布式非圆信号扩展阵列模型的基础上,首先证明了L阵中两个子阵的广义方向矢量(GSV)均具有近似旋转不变特性,然后通过阵列输出信号的互相关运算消除了额外噪声,最终利用子阵GSV的近似旋转不变关系通过传播算子方法得到中心方位角与俯仰角估计。理论分析和仿真实验表明,所提算法无须谱峰搜索和协方差矩阵特征分解运算,具有较低的计算复杂度,并且能够实现2维DOA估计的自动匹配;同时,相比于现有的相干分布式非圆信号传播算子算法,所提算法以较小的复杂度代价获得了性能的较大提升。     

Efficient 2-D DOA and frequency estimation for L-shaped array via RD-PM

This paper addresses the issue of joint two-dimensional direction of arrival (2-D DOA) and frequency estimation via reduced-dimensional propagator method (RD-PM) with L-shaped array. The proposed algorithm has no need for eigenvalue decomposition of the sample covariance matrix and simplifies three-dimensional global spectral search within the three-dimensional propagator method (3-D PM) to one-dimensional local search, which greatly reduces computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can work under both uniform and non-uniform L-shaped array and can achieve paired 2-D DOA and frequency estimates automatically. In addition, the 2-D DOA and frequency estimation performance for the proposed method is approximate 3-D PM algorithm and parallel factor (PARAFAC) method but exceeds the estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm and improved PM algorithm. The detailed derivation of Cram´er-Rao bound (CRB) is provided and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.     

Simplified Estimation of 2D DOA for Coherently Distributed Sources

In mobile communications, local scattering in the vicinity of the mobile results in angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the two-dimensional (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) parameters of spatially distributed sources. Based on double parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs), a simplified method without spectrum-peak searching is proposed for the 2D DOA estimation of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources. The proposed method firstly obtains two approximate rotational invariance relations with respect to the nominal DOAs of CD sources by using one-order Taylor approximation to the generalized steering vectors (GSVs) of two pairs of shifted subarrays. And then a new ESPRIT-based method is utilized to estimate the nominal azimuth DOA and nominal elevation DOA. In addition, a simple parameter matching approach is also given. Compared with the conventional methods, our method has significantly reduced the computational cost and can sustain the estimation performance within a tolerable level. Moreover, our method is a blind estimator without any prior knowledge about angular distribution shape. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the method.     

2D-DOA estimation of noncircular signals for uniform rectangular array via NC-PARAFAC method

In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation algorithm for uniform rectangular array via noncircular-parallel factor (NC-PARAFAC) method. Compared to the conventional parallel factor (PARAFAC) algorithm, the proposed algorithm exploits the property of noncircular signals to double the array aperture. Therefore, the angle estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the conventional PARAFAC method. The proposed algorithm achieves automatically paired two-dimensional angle estimates, and has better 2D-DOA estimation performance than some conventional algorithms, which include estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), propagator method (PM), PARAFAC algorithm, noncircular-ESPRIT (NC-ESPRIT) and noncircular-PM (NC-PM). We also derive the Cramér–Rao bound for the 2D-DOA estimation of noncircular signals with uniform rectangular array. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed algorithm.     

用于非圆信号二维测向的扩展Root-MUSIC算法

利用双平行线阵的阵列结构,提出了用于非圆信号二维测向的扩展root-MUSIC(ERM)算法.ERM算法估计得到的俯仰角与方位角一一对应,自动配对,无需搜索,其可测向信号数大于子阵阵元数,方位测角精度优于同样基于双平|亍线阵的二维测向波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰测角精度在低信噪比下优于DOAM算法,俯仰角兼并时算法仍有效.