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苏春 《成组技术与生产现代化》2007,24(3):1-4,12
从循环经济的角度研究了汽车再制造.分析了循环经济的4种实现模式及再制造与循环经济之间的关系,从环境保护、政策法规、企业竞争力及经济效益等层面,阐述了汽车再制造的产生背景及发展现状,通过数据和案例分析了汽车再制造的价值,提出了汽车再制造的基本环节;分析了我国汽车再制造存在的难题,指出值得努力的方向. 相似文献
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随着经济的发展，环境污染和生态破坏日益严重，迫切要求人们发展循环经济。实践经验证明绿色设计无疑是发展循环经济的必然选择，绿色设计的原则是发展循环经济的内在要求，绿色设计的方法是实现循环经济的重要途径。 相似文献
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The circular economy is often presented as a solution for companies to increase the sustainability of their business. In many situations where suppliers produce subassemblies or modules for OEMs in a B2B context, dependency on their clients limits their options for profitable closed-loop supply chains. In this paper, we develop a simple tool suppliers can use to quickly assess whether remanufacturing is economic and environmentally attractive compared to producing new components. We derive optimal acquisition and reuse quantities that minimise total costs. Based on our analysis with a supplier in the automotive industry, we find that used core prices and remanufacturing yield rates have a large impact while an optimised design for remanufacturing can only marginally improve the situation. The tool is applicable to a wide variety of suppliers and industries that remanufacture their modules or subassemblies, or are exploring the option to engage in remanufacturing operations. 相似文献
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Accurately evaluating strategic commitments to remanufacturing requires a comprehensive understanding and consideration of the simultaneous effect of uncertainty on supply and demand. This paper presents a model that supports improved remanufacturing decision-making under stochastic demand and supply components and various cost factor considerations. The model is formulated as a newsvendor model extension that considers the simultaneous effects of probabilistic supply and demand. This characterisation assesses the effects of critical operational constraints on several strategic performance measures including cost, revenue and profit. The paper employs a Monte Carlo approach to assess the performance and extent of engagement in strategic remanufacturing supply chain operations, and illustrates results via a case study application. Results indicate that the technique can assist decision-makers in strategically determining the potential of future engagements in remanufacturing activities, and extends research findings by theoretically examining strategic decision-making for remanufacturing activity. 相似文献
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Patricia van Loon Charles Delagarde Luk N. Van Wassenhove Aleš Mihelič 《国际生产研究杂志》2020,58(4):1092-1106
Remanufacturing can create opportunities for companies to become more sustainable while remaining profitable. However, not all companies will be able to profit from moving towards a closed-loop business model. This paper investigates the profitability of leasing and remanufacturing washing machines for a large white goods producer based on data provided by them. A simple analytical model is built to simultaneously estimate the costs for consumers and costs and profits for the manufacturer under the leasing system. The results are compared with the costs and profitability of the linear system where premium, economy, and budget washing machines are sold to consumers. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on important factors such as repair, administration and transport costs. Using the replacement chain method, we show that the consumer costs of budget washing machines in the sales system is significantly higher than the costs for premium washing machines. Consequently, those consumers would benefit most from a circular system in which premium washing machines are leased against acceptable fees. However, the additional costs for the manufacturer make it a challenge to generate the same level of profit as in the linear system. The research discusses important cost components companies will have to address when making a move towards a circular business model with leasing and remanufacturing. 相似文献
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The contemporary manufacturing scenario witnesses the adoption of lean remanufacturing concepts in a concerted manner. Lean remanufacturing is a newly evolved manufacturing process concerned with manufacturing and remanufacturing of products to effectively utilise available energy and resources, while reducing wastes in the process and thereby increasing efficiency. The advantages include process streamlining coupled with end-of-life decisions. A structural model needs to be developed to clarify the interrelationships among factors influencing lean remanufacturing practices. In this study, interpretive structural modelling method has been used to develop the structural model depicting interrelationships and most dominant and least dominant factors. Twenty factors are being identified based on expert opinion from 35 Indian automotive component remanufacturing organisations. The identified most dominant factors include a strong top management commitment with proper strategy selection, long-term vision and participation and a strong understanding of the current product and process designs. MICMAC analysis has been conducted to categorise the factors. The inferences based on the study have been derived. The novel aspect of this study is that it presents the development of structural model to identify the most dominant factors influencing the implementation of lean remanufacturing principles. 相似文献
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Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes Ailin Salomé Valls Simon Peter Nadeem Anthony Anosike Vikas Kumar 《国际生产研究杂志》2019,57(23):7319-7343
The development and adoption of the concept of circular economy in the last two decades have been remarkable. However, despite its widespread adoption, little progress has been made regarding its measurement, especially in manufacturing SMEs. This paper, therefore, proposes a Circularity Measurement Toolkit (CMT) which enables the assessment of the degree of circularity in manufacturing SMEs. A conceptual CMT framework, which provided the basis for the proposed tool and that defined the different types of circular practices and a classification or levels of circularity was developed from an extensive literature reviewed. To ensure the structure's accuracy of the proposed CMT in terms of requirements to be measured, the monitoring process and actions involved, the tool was verified through a Delphi-study. Furthermore, its practicality was validated through a case study approach in a manufacturing SME. This paper contributes by filling a gap in the CE measurement field through the proposal of the CMT. Besides providing an evaluation of the degree of circularity in the practices of manufacturing SMEs, companies can also employ the proposed CMT to identify corrective actions or future efforts for the adoption of CE practices. 相似文献
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研究了绿色消费者对制造商（OEM）和再制造商（3PR）再制造模式选择的影响。在无绿色消费者和存在绿色消费者情况下,分别建立了两种斯塔克尔伯格博弈的再制造模型：再制造外包与授权再制造,得到了两种模型的均衡解及OEM和3PR利润。比较分析发现,当绿色消费者比例较高时,OEM和3PR均偏好于再制造外包模式。然而,当绿色消费者比例较低时,虽然OEM依然偏好于再制造外包模式,但是,当消费者对再制造产品估价较低时,3PR偏好于授权再制造模式。此外发现,无论绿色消费者比例高低,在再制造外包模式,消费者剩余与社会福利总是高于授权再制造模式。 相似文献
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This paper studies a vendor–buyer integrated inventory system with buyers’ variable demand and warehouse space limitation where the consignment stock (CS) replenishment operates under a controllable lead time. Within any cycle, the production rate, the number of shipments and the shipping size are all fixed. Based upon the CS policy, the vendor agrees to maintain the buyer’s inventory to be above a safety level and less than the buyer’s space limitation. Due to the uncertainty in the demand, shortages/over stocks are sometimes inevitable. In such cases, penalties are incurred to discourage such occurrence. The holding cost consists of a storage component and a financial component, and the lead time is controlled with an extra investment which is a function of both the shipment size and the reduced time. Two-constraint, five-variable mix-integer optimisation models are established to describe the CS system. Two doubly-hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms are employed to solve the models that are complex and difficult to solve with available techniques. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the solution procedure and the analysis of the computational results reveals the effects of some important parameters used for the annual joint total expected cost of the integrated system. The computational efficiency and quality of the solutions are evaluated by comparing them with other existing and popular methods. The results founds in all comparative evaluation are very encouraging and competitive. 相似文献
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聚羟基烷酸酯PHA是一种新型的可完全生物降解的热塑性塑料,具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、压电性以及良好的使用与加工性能,其基本性能与聚丙烯相似,可在传统塑料加工机械上进行拉丝、模压、热注塑加工成型,可代替绝大部分石油基塑料原料,广泛应用于农业、环保、生物化工、微电材料、能源、医药、医用材料等领域。近年来,PHA在美国、德国等国已得到初步产业化应用,但成本过高,尚未进入规模化生产。意可曼公司以世界领先的基因工程菌种构造法,采用生物发酵技术合成PHA,突破了PHA产业化高成本与产品性能单一的技术瓶颈,性能优异,且其降解速度可根据不同的应用需要,由其共聚物的组分来控制,降解后最终产物进入碳的生物循环,构成完整的绿色循环经济体系。 相似文献
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Suman Nandy Sumita Goswami Ana Marques Diana Gaspar Paul Grey Inês Cunha Daniela Nunes Ana Pimentel Rui Igreja Pedro Barquinha Luís Pereira Elvira Fortunato Rodrigo Martins 《Advanced Materials Technologies》2021,6(7):2000994
The world in the 21st century is confronted with multifaceted challenges against rapid climate change and continuous ecological disturbances caused by revolutionary socio-economic developments, accelerated expansion of disposable electronic gadgets, and growing dependence on unrecyclable raw materials, among others. The ever-increasing consumer demand for electronic devices is significantly contributing to the world's fastest-growing waste stream, known as electronic waste (e-waste), which is becoming an environmental threat at an alarming rate due to its toxic legacy. The ever-shortening lifespan of smart technologies has created a “tsunami of e-waste,” as the United Nations has characterized it, with 50 million tons accumulated each year, of which only 20% undergo formal e-recycling. Therefore, the challenge of optimizing the current resources management models with an aim of improving the manufacturing processes and lifecycles of electronic devices, as well as building a circular economy, has become significantly prominent. Paper/cellulose, which covers a wide range of essential needs in everyday scenarios (from packaging to writing utilities), constitutes promising candidates for the effective achievement of a circular economy. Particularly, cellulose is revealed as an advantageous material for electronic applications because of its abundant availability, which contributes to its cost-effectiveness, straightforward fabrication process, and high recyclability and reproducibility. 相似文献
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Optimal core acquisition and pricing strategies for hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing systems
In this study, we combine two aspects of remanufacturing, namely product acquisition management and marketing (pricing) of the remanufactured products. We consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who decides on the acquisition prices offered for returns from different quality types and on selling prices of new and remanufactured products, in a single period setting. We develop a procedure for determining the optimal prices and corresponding profit of the OEM, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to understand the effect of different model parameters on the optimal strategies and profit. An important managerial insight is that the optimal solution is not to have the same profit per remanufactured item for all return types, but to if the minimum cost for acquisition and remanufacturing of some core type is lower. 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate how buyers’ and suppliers’ distinct perceptions of technology uncertainty affect the relationship between communication frequency and supplier performance. Information processing theory suggests that a fit is desirable between perceived environmental uncertainty and the communication processes between organisations. However, if partners in a buyer-supplier relationship do not concur on the high level of technology uncertainty, it is highly questionable whether increased communication will be effective in increasing supplier performance. Using dyadic data from 86 buyer-supplier relationships, involving 388 respondents, we found that communication frequency was positively related to supplier performance only when both suppliers and buyers perceived high levels of technology uncertainty. When buyers perceived greater technology uncertainty than their suppliers, communication frequency was negatively related to supplier performance. The findings in this study show that it is important to take the distinct perceptions of buyers and suppliers of technology uncertainty into account when assessing the effects of communication frequency. It appears that increased communication is only effective when both parties acknowledge the need to communicate, and can be unfavourable when only one party sees the benefits of it. 相似文献
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The new product development (NPD) process–performance link has been sufficiently studied in academic research. However, recent NPD process is significantly different from the conventional NPD specifically with the inclusion of sustainability considerations under circular economy (CE) context. In theory, NPD with CE considerations (CE-NPD), compared with the conventional NPD, is associated with higher costs and longer development times. This study empirically examines the effect of the CE-NPD process on both time-to-market (TTM) and profit performance in the context of Chinese private enterprises. In addition, the role of traditional Chinese philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism in influencing the CE-NPD process–performance link is also investigated. We find that Confucianism positively moderates the relationship between the CE-NPD process and TTM performance. However, it negatively moderates the CE-NPD-profit link. On the other hand, the moderating effect of Taoism is negative on both the CE-NPD-TTM and CE-NPD-profit links. An interesting finding of this study is that the coexistence of Confucian and Taoist values in NPD workers has the strongest positive impact on the relationship between the CE-NPD process and performance. Our study provides insights on the way in which companies should plan to apply Chinese philosophies during the CE-NPD process to maximise the benefits. 相似文献
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Standard is an effective carrier of developing circular economy while standardization is the foundation of scientific management of circular economy and the bridge for scientific research,production and application.Therefore,it is necessary to explore how to give full play to the important roles of standardization in the development of circular economy,how to make use of standardization to accelerate the promotion and application of advanced technology for circular economy and to develop the circular economy with the help of standardization. 相似文献
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目的 稳定啤酒企业使用的可回收玻璃啤酒瓶的物理力学性能,增加瓶体表面美观及光滑度,减少重复使用过程中爆瓶的概率,保障消费安全。方法 通过模拟消费周转环节,在回收旧啤酒瓶清洗后到灌装前磨损最严重的灌装线上,加装研发的设备,将一种安全的氧化OPE蜡乳液均匀涂覆在瓶体表面,并重复灌装—周转—清洗—灌装整个循环过程,采集试验数据。结果 通过采集各循环轮次中试验组和对照组的测试数据分析可知,经过工艺改进后的试验组,每轮次都直观可见瓶体表面明亮如新瓶,其物理力学性能各项检测指标明显优于对照组的,试验组的重复使用次数比对照组的增加了2.5倍以上。结论 该工艺可以有效降低回收旧啤酒瓶的表面摩擦因数,改善清洗后瓶体表面的滞涩现象,减少接触磨损对瓶体产生的伤害,延缓力学性能的衰减速度,达到循环经济提倡的增加同目的重复使用的频次,减少新瓶的使用量和成本。同时为修订后的新GB 4544—2020《啤酒瓶》中增加的可回收旧瓶指标要求提供稳定质量的工艺支持。 相似文献