基于EIRP最优的智能天线阵赋型算法研究

在实际天线阵列中,由于互耦的影响会使得单天线阵元辐射方向图畸变,导致传统的波束赋形算法性能恶化甚至失效。针对这个问题,文中提出了基于等效全向功率约束条件的粒子群算法,避免了传统的波束赋形算法的失效,提升了系统的等效全向功率。同时,为了减弱干扰方向的影响,文中进一步提出了零陷生成方案。仿真结果显示本文提出的算法不仅能够提升波束的等效全向功率,而且可以有效地生成干扰方向的零陷。     

一种基于自适应波束形成的主瓣保形算法研究

针对自适应波束形成中各种因素包括目标信号存在引起自适应方向图主瓣变形问题,提出基于主瓣子空间的自适应主瓣保形算法,联合已有的正交投影减小方向图因快拍引起的副瓣电平抬高问题。通过保持自适应权中主瓣子空间分量不变以保证主瓣形状不变,通过主瓣子空间选取的大小确定对主瓣的控制强弱。该算法对主瓣有专门的控制,无需估计干扰方向,适用于发射方向图的自适应零陷、和差自适应波束形成,仿真表明该算法对提高自适应波束形成主瓣保形、降低小方向图因快拍引起的副瓣电平抬高问题有较明显的效果。     

零陷优化的稳健波束形成算法

传统的自适应波束形成算法在干扰方向出现扰动且期望信号导向矢量失配时,不仅无法持续有效地抑制干扰,而且会在期望信号方向产生零陷致使期望信号相消,算法性能严重下降。针对该问题,本文提出了一种零陷优化的稳健波束形成算法。该算法首先通过干扰导向矢量的左右旋转来展宽零陷,接着将采样数据向干扰子空间投影,并对干扰分量进行加权处理以增强采样数据中的干扰强度,加深干扰零陷,最后采用导向矢量不确定集约束算法保证期望信号的接收增益。计算机仿真结果表明:该算法能够有效展宽干扰零陷,并能够保证期望信号增益,具有较好的稳健性。      

基于子空间投影的功率倒置卫星导航抗干扰算法

基于线性约束最小方差准则的功率倒置算法用于干扰抑制领域中,在干扰来向上形成的零陷开口较宽,且当强弱干扰共存的时候,算法在弱干扰来向上引入的零陷深度较浅。通过研究及推导功率倒置算法的数学原理,将观测信号的协方差矩阵进行分解,得到相互正交的干扰子空间和噪声子空间,发现上述问题存在的原因是算法含有干扰空间的加权和。基于此,本文通过引入子空间投影方法,避免干扰子空间对算法的影响。通过仿真证明,本文算法可以在弱干扰方向形成较深的零陷,从而有效的改善算法的抗干扰能力。     

基于遗传算法的基站天线波束赋形设计

天线阵列俯仰面方向图的赋形设计在整个基站天线设计过程中是一项关键的技术。考虑互耦以及反射板影响的实际天线阵列,选择阵列中每个天线单元的馈电幅度和相位作为优化变量,采用遗传优化算法对天线阵列垂直面方向图的下半空间零陷填充和上半空间副瓣抑制等指标进行优化,结果满足要求,具有较强的实用性。     

迭代投影的平顶方向图综合算法

针对现有的平顶波束综合形成算法计算量较大的问题,提出了一种迭代求解平顶波束的快速形成算法。该算法首先设置方向图参数、迭代条件,然后利用方向图与阵元加权系数的变换关系设计投影算法并通过二阶差分运算确定过渡带,最后结合蝶形计算方法快速迭代逼近理想的平顶方向图。实验结果表明,该算法相比凸优化算法运算效率较高,并且可修复阵元失效后的平顶方向图。算法运算次数随着副瓣阈值、主瓣宽度和零陷深度等参数的变化而变化。     

基于功率估计的高动态GNSS抗干扰零陷展宽算法

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)接收机在高速运动状态下时,干扰来向的快速变化会导致阵列抗干扰算法性能下降,为此,提出一种基于功率估计的抗干扰零陷展宽算法。根据特征值将采样协方差矩阵划分为信号子空间与噪声子空间,通过子空间投影确立信号导向矢量与功率的线性关系;利用线性关系估计干扰功率,并根据零陷展宽需求重新设定干扰区域内的信号功率;最后,以干扰区域内功率的估计值为基础重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵,求解阵列权矢量。仿真表明,相比其他零陷展宽算法,所提算法在相同展宽下具有更深的零陷,阵列输出信干噪比也有所提升。     

基于序列二阶锥的平面稀疏阵方向图重构

针对稀疏阵列天线多方向图可重构问题提出了一种基于序列二阶锥的算法。通过引入共轭对称激励,将方向图的上下界约束转化成凸问题;通过辅助变量的迭代加权,将稀疏阵列的阵元位置优化和多方向图的赋形转化为序列二阶锥问题。文中将算法从线阵推广至面阵,在任意主瓣宽度、响应波纹、零陷及副瓣电平的约束下,通过改变阵元的激励,皆可优化阵元位置排布。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,可以达到降低天线系统成本的目的。     

卫星导航自适应调零天线抗干扰算法研究

为了提高卫星导航接收机抗干扰能力,深入研究了应用于卫导自适应调零天线的多线性约束自适应调零算法。对现有功率倒置自适应算法进行改进,将阵列协方差矩阵分为干扰子空间和噪声子空间,通过对子空间的处理提高输出信干比,在不是很强的干扰信号方向上也形成较深"零陷"。此外,为了降低计算的难度,避免自相关矩阵求逆,采用了陡降算法。通过仿真分析,结果表明:所研究的自适应滤波算法能够提供较高的输出信干比,在干扰信号方向产生较深的"零陷",具有较好的干扰抑制能力。     

一种星载阵列天线的高效波束赋形算法

随着有源相控阵和数字波束形成技术的应用, 低轨道卫星通信多波束阵列天线不仅可以形成同时多个固定的对地等通量低旁瓣赋形波束, 还具备了可以随着通信任务需求变化, 动态调整方向图形状的能力.但是目前常用的高性能波束赋形算法, 运算量较大, 收敛速度慢, 优化参数调整复杂, 无法直接应用于在线实时计算.针对上述要求, 提出了一种高效的迭代最小方差方向图综合方法.该方法采用方向图分区域加权逼近和方向图相位去约束技术, 在满足较高的主瓣赋形精度和旁瓣电平控制等指标要求的前提下, 具有迭代过程简单、优化参数少、算法稳健和运算量少等特点, 可以部分满足要求波束方向图动态变化的卫星通信系统权重系数在线计算的需要.     

平面天线阵快速正交投影波束形成算法

针对大型平面天线阵列下样本数据含有期望信号时，正交投影（OP）波束形成算法不再适用的问题，提出一种新的基于阻塞矩阵的正交投影快速波束形成算法。该算法首先构造阻塞矩阵从样本信号中阻塞掉期望信号，再对阻塞后的样本信号进行施密特（GS）正交化得到重构后的干扰子空间，最后在此基础上实现正交投影波束形成。新算法适用于任意阵型的二维均匀平面阵，在小快拍数下能快速计算出自适应权重。仿真结果表明，无论是弱干扰信号还是强干扰信号，该算法都具有很好的抗干扰性能。     

Generalized array pattern synthesis by the method of alternating orthogonal projections

A geometric formulation of the "null-steering" array antenna pattern synthesis problems for arbitrary array geometries is proposed. The formulation allows the use of some simple intuitive techniques for the construction of the array weights. In particular it is shown that the optimum weight vector can be obtained in an appropriately selected "weight vector subspace" via a recursive projection algorithm starting from its known projection on the vector lying in the constrained "look direction." The algorithm is computationally very simple and can be used for on-line solution of synthesis problems for complex array geometries.     

Interference suppression via orthogonal projections: a performanceanalysis

Several recent studies indicate the promise of subspace separation principles when applied to adaptive jammer suppression in phased array antennas. This paper theoretically analyzes the performance of a subspace separation technique based on orthogonal projections (OP) for adaptively suppressing interference in phased arrays; the theoretical performance predictions are validated using computer simulations. This analysis holds for the case when it is possible to differentiate between the vector spaces spanned by jammers and additive noise. The performance parameters used are (a) the average residual interference (jammer plus noise) power at the output of the adapted array as a function of the number of jammer snapshots used for calculating the weight vector, and (b) the similarity of the adapted array pattern to the design pattern away from the jammer locations. The performance of the OP-based subspace separation technique is compared with the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm. It is shown that the weight vector calculated using OP converges more quickly to the optimal solution (infinite number of interference snapshots) than the SMI weight vector. Further, in contrast to the SMI adapted pattern, which exhibits large sidelobe levels away from the jammer locations, the OP adapted pattern closely follows the design pattern both in the mainbeam and in the sidelobe region away from the jammer locations     

A subspace method for space time adaptive processing

The problem of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) using a nonlinear array is considered. A key part of STAP is the estimation of the space-time covariance matrix of the received data. The conventional method of doing this causes significant performance degradation at short ranges because of the nonstationarity of the data. We present an alternative algorithm which circumvents this problem by projecting the data on the subspace orthogonal to the clutter and jammer subspaces. The clutter subspace is computed from the known array manifold, while the jammer subspace is estimated from clutter-free measurements. Numerical examples illustrate the performance improvement achieved at short ranges.     

Independent null steering in the sum and difference patterns of antenna arrays using real weights

A method for steering nulls in the sum and difference patterns of a phased linear antenna array using only real weights is introduced. The proposed method decouples the weights so that a given jammer is associated with a given weight value. A change in the jammer's direction changes only its corresponding weight value without affecting the other nulls. The main beam is steered independently using a progressive phase shift. This allows the signal-to-jammer power ratio to be maximized with relative ease. The drawback of this method is that the number of jammers that can be nulled will be reduced to about a quarter of the number of array elements.     

二维子阵级ADBF及方向图控制方法研究

该文研究二维子阵级ADBF方法。 提出了适用于平面相控阵的子阵级ADBF的信号模型。给出了由一维阵元级ADBF推广得到的常规的二维子阵级ADBF。 引入了基于子空间投影的二维子阵级ADBF方法,可在无干扰时得到理想的静态方向图, 从而解决了自适应与非自适应工作模式之间的转换问题;而在有干扰时可有效地对干扰进行抑制,与常规方法相比,明显改善了旁瓣电平。仿真结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

Planar antenna pattern nulling using differential evolution algorithm

Differential evolution algorithm is used for the pattern synthesis of planar antenna arrays with prescribed pattern nulls by position-only and position-amplitude optimization. The position-only optimization for a planar array allows null synthesis in any prescribed direction. For planar antenna array thinning it is necessary to use position-amplitude optimization for problems involving more than two nulls.     

A novel nulling algorithm in the subarray of a large array

I. Introduction In order to cancel the interferences from certain directions, the problem of forming nulls in the an- tenna pattern is very important. Many researches in this area of adaptive nulling systems have been done For example, the method discussed by Applebaum[1] maximizes the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the one presented by Drane-McIlvenna[2] maximizes the antenna gain. In most conditions, both methods can meet the requirement. However, the performance of the pattern is unsa…     

Analysis of phase-focused near-field testing for multiphase-centeradaptive radar systems

Airborne or spaceborne radar systems often require tests before deployment to verify how well the system detects targets and suppresses clutter and jammer signals. The radar antenna diameter can be large and thus the conventional far-field test distance is impractical to implement. The theory and simulations of phase-focused near-field testing for adaptive phased array antennas is discussed. With near-field source deployment, standard phased-array near-field phase focusing provides far-field adaptive nulling equivalent performance at a range distance of one aperture diameter from the adaptive antenna under test. Both main beam clutter sources and sidelobe jammer sources are addressed. The phased array antenna elements analyzed are one-half wavelength dipoles over the ground plane. Bandwidth, polarization, array mutual coupling, and finite array edge effects are taken into account. Numerical simulations of an adaptive antenna that has multiple displaced phase centers indicate that near-field and far-field testing can be equivalent     

利用联合互质阵列的卫星导航抗干扰算法

随着电磁环境越来越复杂,全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)受到的干扰越来越多。基于均匀间距阵列的抗干扰算法已广泛运用于GNSS干扰抑制中,但是均匀线性阵列抑制干扰的性能受到天线阵元个数和阵列孔径的严格限制。本文提出了一种基于联合互质阵列的卫星导航抗干扰算法,能够在不增加阵元的情况下获得较大的阵列孔径,提高了干扰来向估计性能且不需要知道干扰个数。该方法首先利用互质阵列的空间谱估计方法估计出干扰来向,然后,利用估计出的干扰来向构造干扰子空间,并通过正交子空间投影算法抑制干扰。算法提高了卫星导航系统的抗干扰性能,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。