Optimal combustion control with application to engine design and development

The need to reduce development time whilst simultaneously improving engine performance has motivated this application of optimal control to product development processes for engines and powertrains. The optimisation of the fuel consumption is formulated as a constrained Optimal Control Problem (OCP) and solved using pseudospectral methods, giving the optimum heat release and injection profiles in the presence of cylinder pressure rate and cylinder pressure constraints. The technique is applied to an engine design problem and used to reduce fuel consumption by optimising compression ratio within a cylinder pressure limit, also providing new insights into the combustion processes.     

The exploitation of neural networks in automotive engine management systems

The use of electronic engine control systems on spark ignition engines has enabled a high degree of performance optimisation to be achieved. The range of functions performed by these systems, and the level of performance demanded, is rising and thus so are development times and costs. Neural networks have attracted attention as having the potential to simplify software development and improve the performance of this software. The scope and nature of possible applications is described. In particular, the pattern recognition and classification abilities of networks are applied to crankshaft speed fluctuation data for engine-fault diagnosis, and multidimensional mapping capabilities are investigated as an alternative to large ‘lookup’ tables and calibration functions.     

Multi-objective genetic algorithm in reliability-based design optimization with sequential statistical modeling: an application to design of engine mounting

Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization - The present study explores reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) in the context of practical...     

RMS design methodology for automotive framing systems BIW

Today, markets increasingly require more customized products, with shorter life cycles. In response, manufacturing systems have evolved from mass production techniques, through flexible automation and mass customization, to produce at mass production costs. Manufacturing facilities must incorporate more flexibility and intelligence, evolving toward reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). RMS are amid to posses such flexibility and responsiveness and said to be the next generation of world class systems. RMS are designed for rapid change in structure and for a quickly adjustable production capacity. This paper proposes a new methodology (high level process) of framework using flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing systems principles for automotive framing systems as well as to provide a guideline to support the structure of different stages of the design methodology. The proposed methodology is presented through a case study using data based on actual production systems of three different styles; (process and design data) which supports the hypothesis of the research.     

Conceptual and detailed design of an automotive engine cradle by using topology,shape, and size optimization

An automotive engine cradle supports many crucial components and systems, such as an engine, transmission, and suspension. Important performance measures for the design of an engine cradle include stiffness, natural frequency, and durability, while minimizing weight is of primary concern. This paper presents an effective and efficient methodology for engine cradle design from conceptual design to detailed design using design optimization. First, topology optimization was applied on a solid model which only contains the possible engine cradle design space, and an optimum conceptual design was determined which minimizes weight while satisfying all stiffness constraints. Based on topology optimization results, a design review was conducted, and a revised model was created which addresses all structural and manufacturability concerns. Shape and size optimization was then performed in the detailed design stage to further minimize the mass while meeting the stiffness and natural frequency targets. Lastly, the final design was validated for durability. The initial design domain had the mass of 82.6 kg; topology optimization in conceptual design reduced the mass to 26.7 kg; and the detailed design task involving shape and size optimization further reduced the mass to 21.4 kg.     

Modelling and simulation for mechatronic design in automotive systems

This paper gives an overview of current industry based projects in the field of vehicle modelling and simulation for the mechatronic design of automotive systems. It shows the wide range of applications for analysis and synthesis during the development process, including vehicle systems, vehicle dynamics, occupant safety, adaptive cruise control, hardware-in-the-loop and fault tolerant real-time systems.     

A design methodology for switched discrete time linear systems with applications to automotive roll dynamics control

In this paper we consider the asymptotic stability of a class of discrete-time switching linear systems, where each of the constituent subsystems is Schur stable. We first present an example to motivate our study, which illustrates that the bilinear transform does not preserve the stability of a class of switched linear systems. Consequently, continuous time stability results cannot be transformed to discrete time analogs using this transformation. We then present a subclass of discrete-time switching systems that arise frequently in practical applications. We prove that global attractivity for this subclass can be obtained without requiring the existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF). Using this result, we present a synthesis procedure to construct switching stabilizing controllers for an automotive control problem, which is related to the stabilization of a vehicle’s roll dynamics subject to switches in the center of gravitys (CG) height.     

Automotive engine FDI by application of an automated model-based and data-driven design methodology

Fault detection and isolation (FDI) in automotive diesel engines is important in order to achieve and guarantee low exhaust emissions, high vehicle uptime, and efficient repair and maintenance. This paper illustrates how a set of general methods for model-based sequential residual generation and data-driven statistical residual evaluation can be combined into an automated design methodology. The automated design methodology is then utilized to create a complete FDI-system for an automotive diesel engine. The performance of the obtained FDI-system is evaluated using measurements from road drives and engine test-bed experiments. The overall performance of the FDI-system is good in relation to the required design effort. In particular no specific tuning of the FDI-system, or any adaption of the design methodology, was needed. It is illustrated how estimations of the statistical powers of the fault detection tests in the FDI-system can be used to further increase the performance, specifically in terms of fault isolability.     

The application of ergonomics in the design of automotive displays

Ergonomics can play an important role in the design and evaluation of novel display concepts. The rapid growth in the application of new technology has posed as many queries for the designer and engineer as it has provided design opportunities. Car dashboard displays are an example of such an ara of growth. Ergonomists have addressed the queries arising from the interface between the display and the user and can work with the designers and engineers towards solutions.     

Stable adaptive control of feedback linearizable time-varying non-linear systems with application to fault-tolerant engine control

Stable indirect and direct adaptive controllers are presented for a class of input–output feedback linearizable time-varying non-linear systems. The radial basis function neural networks are used as on-line approximators to learn the time-varying characteristics of system parameters. Stability results are given in the paper, and the performance of the indirect and direct adaptive schemes is demonstrated through a fault-tolerant engine control problem where the faults are naturally time-varying.     

车载LFMCW雷达探测系统分析与设计

对车载24GHz线性调频连续波雷达探测系统进行了研究,详细介绍了系统的检测原理、基本结构和工作过程.采用变周期三角波作为发射波形,利用频域压扩处理算法进行中频回波信号的均衡处理并达到抑制低频干扰的目的,对初次检测结果增加二次判决,增加了目标探测算法的可靠性;同时研究一种基于DSP和FPGA双控制器的LFMCW雷达探测系统的硬件实现方案,实验结果表明该检测系统设计可靠,各部分参数达到实际要求.     

A co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered automotive cyber physical systems

Designing cyber-physical systems (CPS) is challenging due to the tight interactions between software, network/platform, and physical components. Automotive control system is a typical CPS example and often designed based on a time-triggered paradigm. In this paper, a co-simulation framework that considers interacting CPS components for assisting time-triggered automotive CPS design is proposed. Virtual prototyping of automotive vehicles is the core of this framework, which uses SystemC to model the cyber components and integrates CarSim to model the vehicle dynamics. A network/platform model in SystemC forms the backbone of the virtual prototyping. The network/platform model consists of processing elements abstracted by real-time operating systems, communication systems, sensors, and actuators. The framework is also integrated with a model-based design tool to enable rapid prototyping. The framework is validated by comparing simulation results with the results from a hardware-in-the-loop automotive simulator. The framework is also used for design space exploration (DSE).     

Ajax引擎的设计和应用

Web应用在界面易操作性方面的弱点是制约其应用面的重要因素，Ajax技术是为了克服这些缺点而提出的。采用它实现的页面在易操作性上可以做到与桌面应用相同的效果，因此，其应用也逐渐多起来。文章介绍了Ajax的基本原理并通过在一个考试系统中的具体实践给出了Ajax引擎的实现方法，对于一般的Web应用开发具有一定的参考价值。     

Predictive algorithm to determine the suitable time to change automotive engine oil

Recently, emerging technologies related to various sensors, product identification, and wireless communication give us new opportunities for improving the efficiency of automotive maintenance operations, in particular, implementing predictive maintenance. The key point of predictive maintenance is to develop an algorithm that can analyze degradation status of automotive and make predictive maintenance decisions. In this study, as a basis for implementing the predictive maintenance of automotive engine oil, we propose an algorithm to determine the suitable change time of automotive engine oil by analyzing its degradation status with mission profile data. For this, we use several statistical methods such as factor analysis, discriminant and classification analysis, and regression analysis. We identify main factors of mission profile and engine oil quality with factor analysis. Subsequently, with regression analysis, we specify relations between main factors considering the types of mission profile of automotive: urban-mode and highway-mode. Based on them, we determine the proper change time of engine oil through discriminant and classification analysis. To evaluate the proposed approach, we carry out a case study and have discussion about limitations of our approach.