New DySrAlO_4 Compound Synthesis and Formation Process Correlations for LnSrAlO_4(Ln=Nd,Gd,Dy) Series

For the first time, Dy Sr AlO_4 of K_2NiF_4-type structure was synthesized. The parameters of Dy Sr AlO_4 elementary unit cell are determined as follows: a = 0.368(4) nm, c = 1.229(2) nm, V = 0.166(4) nm~3. The research of the complex aluminates Ln Sr Al O4(Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy) solid-state process demonstrated the change of the formation mechanism among Ln Sr AlO_4(Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy) series from Dy Sr AlO_4 oxide. The performed analysis provided a possibility to realize why chemists couldn't get Dy Sr AlO_4 for a long period of time.     

RE对（Gd1-xREx）5Si4合金晶体结构及居里温度的影响

用真空电弧熔炼制备（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（x=0．1，0．2，0．3，0．35）和（Gd1-xHox）5Si4（x=0．05，0．15，0．25）系列合金，在950℃下168h的真空热处理后，对其晶体结构、居里温度进行了研究。室温XRD分析发现该系列合金仍保持Gd5Si4的Sm5Ge4正交型结构，采用Rietveld法分析计算发现合金晶格常数随着X量的增加而逐渐减小。试样M-T磁化曲线测量结果表明：居里温度瓦在336K～260K连续可调，改变RE的含量可以得到不同的居里温度Tc;Tc近似呈线性变化，由此得出估计（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（RE=Dy，Ho）的Tc的计算公式。     

New RRh5Ge3 compounds of the new SmRh5Ge3 structure type and their magnetic properties (R=Sm, Gd, Tb)

Powder X-ray diffraction results and macroscopic magnetic properties of new ternary RRh₅Ge₃ compounds (R=Sm, Gd, Tb) are reported. The compounds SmRh₅Ge₃ (a=2.2744(4) nm, c=0.3888(1) nm), GdRh₅Ge₃ (a=2.2711(5) nm, c=0.3872(1) nm) and TbRh₅Ge₃ (a=2.2628(7) nm, c=0.3851(1) nm) crystallize in the hexagonal SmRh₅Ge₃-type structure (space group P6₃/m; No. 176). The GdRh₅Ge₃ and TbRh₅Ge₃ compounds are Curie–Weiss paramagnets down to 5 K.     

新型（Y，Gd）（BO3，VO4）：Eu荧光粉的合成及发光性能研究

采用草酸根沉淀稀土粒子使其充分混合进行前处理，用固相反应合成了硼钒酸钇钆铕稀土荧光红粉。对试样进行了X射线衍射、光致激发和发射光谱表征。产物与（Y，Gd）VO4：Eu相比，掺入了与钒等摩尔量的硼，硼的掺入提高了发光强度，但没有改变钒酸盐的四方晶系结构。分析了不同浓度Gd^3＋掺杂对试样发光强度的影响以及基质离子VO4^3-和BO3^3-对激活剂Eu^3＋的能量传递机理。同时将产物与（Y，Gd）VO4：Eu和（Y，Gd）BO3：Eu的发光性能进行对比，发现（Y，Gd）-（BO3，VO4）：Eu具有更好的发光强度和色纯度，有望在工业上作为一种优良的新型灯用或PDP显示器用荧光粉。所用方法与传统固相法相比，反应温度降低了100℃，所得试样易粉碎、粒度细，发光强度提高10％以上。     

Structural, magnetic and electrical transport properties for a series of La1−xSrxFe1−xMnxO3 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) compounds

The structural, electrical transport and magnetic properties have been studied for compounds: La_1−xSr_xFe_1−xMn_xO₃ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7). The lattice parameter, a, first decreases with x, and followed by an increase when Sr²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ was continuously doped. The cell parameters, b and c, slightly decrease with coupled substitution of Sr²⁺ for La³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ for Fe³⁺. In the paramagnetic temperature range, formation of magnetic clusters is suggested; the sizes of clusters decrease with x up to 0.5, following that they increase sharply with continuing doping. The electrical behaviors of all specimens demonstrate insulators and the electrical resistivity increases with content of Mn⁴⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions doped. A variable range hopping model is suitable to describe electrical transport process for the compounds at low temperature. At high temperature the electrical transport process can be described by bipolaron model for all compounds.     

FT-Raman and FT-IR vibrational spectroscopic studies of nanocrystalline Ba2RESbO6 (RE = Sm, Gd, Dy and Y) perovskites

The nanoparticles of Ba₂RESbO₆ (RE = Sm, Gd, Dy and Y) were synthesized using auto ignition combustion process. The structure and phase purity of the as-prepared nanopowders were examined by X-ray diffraction pattern. A systematic analysis of the structure of the four compounds was carried out for the first time by recording Raman and IR spectra. The four Raman active modes A_1g, E_g and 2F_2g were observed as strong or medium intense bands in the Raman spectra and the IR active F_1u(1) mode is obtained as a strong absorption band around 630 cm⁻¹ in all the four compounds. Hence it is confirmed that the above compounds were crystallized in the cubic symmetry with space group.     

MCr2O4(M=Co, Zn)纳米晶的合成及磁性

通过配合物热分解法制备MCr2O4(M=Co,Zn)纳米晶,并对其物相、表面微结构和磁性进行表征。结果表明,产物为直径40 nm左右的球形粒子,具有立方晶系尖晶石结构。磁滞回线表明,CoCr2O4在低温下表现出明显的亚铁磁性和较强的交换偏置场,矫顽力和交换偏置场分别为Hc=6.05×105A/m和He=1.93×104A/m,饱和磁化强度Ms和剩余磁化强度Mr分别为19.86和12.63 A.m2/kg,这可用CoCr2O4纳米晶的表面结构缺陷导致表面原子的磁结构自旋无序来解释。     

On Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Nd(Fe, Mo, Ti)12Zx (Z=N, H)

NdFe_10+xMo_2−2xTi_x compounds with 0≤x≤1.0 have been prepared by using the reduction–diffusion process with superfine precursors as starting materials. With increasing Ti-content, the intrinsic magnetic properties, such as the Curie temperature, saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline field, are improved. The interstitial compounds NdFe_10+xMo_2−2xTi_xZ_y (Z=N, H) were obtained and exhibit significant enhancement of the intrinsic magnetic properties upon nitrogenation.     

A novel red-emitting phosphors K2Ba (MoO4)2: Eu, Sm and improvement of luminescent properties for light emitting diodes

The novel red-emitting phosphors K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂: Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺ were prepared by solid-state reaction and their crystal structures, photo luminescent characteristics were investigated. The results show that all samples can be excited efficiently by UV (397 nm) and blue (466 nm) light, which are coupled well with the characteristic emission from UVLED and blue LED, respectively. A small amount of Sm³⁺, acting as a sensitizer, increased the energy absorption around 400 nm. In the Eu³⁺-Sm³⁺ co-doped system, both Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ f-f transition absorptions are observed in the excitation spectra, the intensities of the main emission line (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ at 616 nm) are strengthened because of the energy transition from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺. The doping concentration of Eu³⁺-Sm³⁺ was optimized. The approach to charge compensation was used: Ba²⁺ → Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺ + X⁻ (X = F, Cl, and Br), and the influence of charge compensation on the luminescent intensity of phosphors is investigated.     

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Cu1−xZnxFe2O4 ferrites (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

Copper–zinc ferrites bearing chemical formula Cu_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄ for x ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 with the step increment of 0.2 were prepared by the standard solid-state technique. The variation of Zn substitution has a significant effect on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties. Lattice parameters ‘a’ increased from 8.370 to 8.520 Å. Dielectric constant decreased up to 311 with the increase in frequency from 80 Hz to 1 MHz at room temperature. All the samples follow the Maxwell–Wagner's interfacial polarization. Saturation magnetization, magnetic moment and Yafet–Kittel angles were also determined. The possible reasons responsible for the change in density related, electrical and magnetic properties with the increase in Zn concentration are undertaken.     

Influence of Sn substitution for Co in RCo2 （R = Gd, Tb, Dy） alloys on the structure and magnetocaloric effect

The phases and the magnetocaloric effect in the alloys R(Co1-xSnx)2 with x=0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetization measurement. The substitution of Sn in RCo2 is limited. The cubic MgCu2-type structure for the alloys of RCo2 was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and the remaining alloys mainly consisted of the RCo2 phase, along with some RCo3 and R5Sn3 impurity phases. The impurity phases increase with the increase of Sn content. The Tc of the alloys is not very sensitive to the Sn substitution for Dy(Co1-xSnx)2 and Tb(Co1-xSnx)2, whereas in Gd(Co1-xSnx)2, the Curie temperatures significantly increase. The maximum magnetic entropy changes in the alloys Dy(Co1-xSnx)2 (x=0,0.025, 0.050, 0.075) are 5.78, 5.43, 3.88, and 2.98 J·kg-1·K-1, respectively, and those in the Tb(Co1-xSnx)2 (x =0,0.025) are 3.44, and 2.29 J·kg-1·K-1 respectively in the applied field change of 0-2.0 T.     

Effects of RE^3＋（RE=La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm） on the luminescence of Sr2MgSiO5：Eu^2＋ phosphors

Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+phosphors were synthesized through a high temperature solid state reaction method.The phase and luminescence properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and a luminescence spectrometer.The effects of RE3+(RE = La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm) on the luminescent properties of the samples were studied.The results show that the luminescence spectrum of Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ is a broad band composed of two emission peaks,at 460 and at 530 nm under near-ultraviolet excitation.Rare earth ions Re3+(RE = La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm) have great influence on the emission of Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ phosphors.The La3+ ion in Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ phosphors greatly enhances the emission at 460 and 530 nm.     

Comparative study for mutual separation characteristics of binary mixed oxides Y2O3–Ln2O3 (Ln = Dy, Ho and Er) and Ho2O3–Er2O3 using stepwise chlorination–chemical vapor transport reaction mediated by vapor complexes KLnCl4

Mutual separation characteristics for binary oxide mixtures Y₂O₃–Dy₂O₃, Y₂O₃–Er₂O₃ and Ho₂O₃–Er₂O₃, in which these four kinds of rare earth ion(III) have very similar ion radius values, using a stepwise chlorination–chemical vapor transport (SC–CVT) reaction mediated by vapor complexes KLnCl₄ have been investigated in different temperature gradients. The unexpected results, together with that for Y₂O₃–Ho₂O₃ reported previously, are used to make a comparative analysis for the effect of ion radius values on the SC–CVT reaction for mutual separation of rare earths. Both the main deposition temperature region tendency and total transport amounts of chlorides for YCl₃ with respect to the ion radius of Y(III) were exceptional compared with those of LnCl₃ (Ln = Dy, Ho and Er), which were observed both in the degressive temperature gradient and the wave-type temperature gradient. The main deposition temperature of the chlorides produced from the oxide mixtures was in the order of DyCl₃ > YCl₃, HoCl₃ < YCl₃, ErCl₃ < YCl₃ and HoCl₃ > ErCl₃, total transported yields of the chlorides was in the order of DyCl₃ > YCl₃, HoCl₃ > YCl₃, ErCl₃ > YCl₃ and HoCl₃ > ErCl₃, and the largest separation factors 11.49 for Dy:Y, 15.28 for Ho:Y, 6.37 for Er:Y and 2.04 for Ho:Er in the lower temperature region were observed in the degressive temperature gradient, respectively. The results were discussed on the difference of ionic structure of Y on the one side and 4f lanthanoid elements of Dy, Ho and Er on the other hand, and verified that the ionic radius of the rare earth is one of the decisive factors of CVT reaction only for lanthanoid elements, not for Y. Furthermore, the improved separation factor values of 4.22 for Ho:Er and 3.20 for Er:Ho were obtained in the wave type temperature gradient due to variation of the dynamic conditions of CVT.     

凝胶-燃烧法合成(Y,Gd)Al3(BO3)4:Tb3+荧光材料的结构及其发光性能

采用凝胶-燃烧法合成掺Tb3+和Gd3+的四硼酸铝钇(Y,Gd)Al3(BO3)4:Tb3+荧光粉.分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、发光光谱等测试手段分析不同温度下煅烧所得粉体的物相、形貌与发光性质.XRD和SEM结果表明:(Y,Gd)Al3(BO3)4:Tb3+的最低合成温度为1000 ℃,在该反应过程中,首先形成中间相Al4B2O9、YBO3和Y3Al5O12,而最终形成单相的(Y,Gd)Al3(BO3)4:Tb3+.随煅烧温度的升高,样品结晶程度越来越好,并且颗粒尺寸随温度的升高而增大,在1100 ℃时合成的晶粒尺寸比较均匀,平均粒径在1 μm左右.发光光谱的测试结果表明:在229 nm激发下,(Y,Gd)Al3(BO3)4: Tb3+荧光粉最强发射峰位于542 nm处,属于Tb3+的5D4→7F5的跃迁.在该体系中存在Gd3+→Tb3+的能量传递,使得该荧光粉的发光强度随着Gd3+掺杂浓度的增加而增大.     

Crystal structures of R2Pd2Pb (R = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) compounds

The crystal structures of the R₂Pd₂Pb (R=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) compounds were determined using X-ray powder diffraction. The investigated compounds crystallize with Mo₂FeB₂ structure type (space group P4/mbm, Pearson code tP10). The importance of stabilization by polar intermetallic R–Pd bonding is underscored by a bonding analysis derived from electronic band structure calculations.     

Optical properties of CeNi5 and CeNi4M (M = Al, Cu) compounds

The experimental study of the optical properties of CeNi₅, CeNi₄Cu and CeNi₄Al compounds was carried out in the 0.083-5.64 eV energy range using the ellipsometry method. The optical constants, dielectric functions and electronic parameters (plasma and relaxation frequencies) were determined. The energy dependencies of the optical interband conductivities are discussed by using the available information on the electronic band structure of these compounds. In the ternary alloys the optical spectra show the presence of peculiarities related to effect of Cu or Al substitution at Ni sites.     

Crystal structure peculiarity and magnetic behavior of R2Cu4−xSn5+x (R = Gd, Tb, and Dy) compounds

The Gd₂Cu₃Sn₆, Tb₂Cu_3.5Sn_5.5, and Dy₂Cu_3.5Sn_5.5 intermetallic compounds were prepared by arc melting, annealed at 670 K and characterized by XRPD and DSC analyses. Rietveld refinement showed that they crystallize in tetragonal Sm₂Cu₄Sn₅ structure type (space group I4mm). The magnetic properties were studied in the temperature range 2-300 K and showed that in the paramagnetic state all studied compounds are Curie-Weiss paramagnets, among them Tb₂Cu_3.5Sn_5.5 and Dy₂Cu_3.5Sn_5.5 order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures and exhibit a metamagnetic transition. Electronic structure calculations were performed to evaluate chemical bonding.     

Thermal decomposition products of heteronuclear Cu---Re complexes, CuRE(dhbaen)(NO3)·nH2O (RE---La, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu)

To facilitate the preparation of finer and more homogeneous CuREO_x and to achieve a lowering of the formation temperature, heteronuclear CuRE(1:1) complexes, CuRE(dhbaen)(NO₃)·nH₂O were synthesized as precursor. As it was expected for RE=La through Gd, only a mixture of CuO and CuRE₂O₄ was formed even when the complex decomposed at 800 °C since the Cu/RE ratio is 1. For RE=Y and Tb through Lu, Cu₂RE₂O₅ was formed by way of CuO and RE₂O₃. The structure of the decomposed product is controlled by the coordination number and ionic size of RE ion. The minimum radius ratio for eightfold coordination of RE³⁺ ion suggests that preparation of homogeneous Cu:RE(1:1) oxide with Cu₂Ho₂O₅ type structure is difficult for RE=La through Gd.     

Electrochemical performances and structure characteristic of LiMn2O4-xYx（Y=F, Cl, Br） compounds

Spinel LiMn2 O4-x Yx (Y=F, Cl, Br) compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction and the electrochemically galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles were performed using as-prepared compounds as cathode material. The influence of halogens on their lattice constants and the relation of electrochemical properties and their lattice constants were investigated. It is concluded that when the lattice constants are smaller than that of LiMn2O4, the reversible capacity fade is suppressed and the initial capacity sacrifice is observed. When the content of fluorine is 0.05, the lattice constant of LiMn2O3.95 F0.05 is larger than that of LiMn2O4, the initial capacity is improved. An efficient method was found to control the lattice constants of LiMn2O4 through the addition of halogen, and to improve the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4. The LiMn2O3.95 F0.05 shows excellent electrochemical charge-discharge performance, with high initial capacity of 143 mAh/g and nearly no capacity loss after 116 cycles.