Al-Zr(CO3)2体系反应合成复合材料的力学性能与断裂行为

利用Al-Zr(CO3)2原位反应体系,采用熔体反应法制备了(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/Al复合材料.XRD及SEM分析显示:原位反应生成的颗粒为Al3Zr和Al2O3,颗粒细小并均匀分布在基体中.拉伸实验表明:(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/Al复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随颗粒含量的增大显著提高,当颗粒体积分数为10%时,复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为148.3 MPa和110.5 MPa,但延伸率先上升后下降.原位拉伸研究表明:复合材料拉伸过程中裂纹的萌生及扩展机制可从两方面得到解释:滑移过程中的位错作用机制以及颗粒脱粘和破碎形成的"孔洞"成核与长大机制.     

Al-Zr-O体系熔体反应法合成复合材料的微观组织和拉伸性能

采用熔体反应法 ,以ZrO2 、ZrSiO4 和ZrOCl2 粉剂为反应物在熔融的铝 ( 85 0℃ )中成功制备了Al/ (Al3 Zr Al2 O3 ) P 复合材料。扫描电镜 (SEM )和电子探针 (EPMA)分析表明 :Al Zr O体系反应生成的复合材料 ,颗粒尺寸细小 ,Al2 O3 为 1～ 3μm ,Al3 Zr小于 1μm ,且弥散分布于基体中。拉伸试验结果显示 :Al Zr O体系反应生成Al/ (Al3 Zr Al2 O3 ) P 复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度较基体纯Al均显著提高。其中Al ZrOCl2 体系生成的复合材料的抗拉强度为14 8 7MPa ,屈服强度为 112 4MPa ,分别较基体纯Al提高了 93 6 %和 170 8%。     

磁化学合成（Al2O3＋Al3Zr）p/Al复合材料的微观组织与力学性能

以氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)为反应物,采用熔体反应法,并在反应过程中施加脉冲涡流磁场,磁化学合成了(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/Al复合材料.扫描电镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明生成的颗粒为α-Al2O3和Al3Zr,颗粒细小,形状一致,且弥散分布于铝基体中;在相同反应条件下,与常规原位反应相比,磁场下反应更快、更完全,缩短了反应时间,并从反应动力学角度进行了分析.复合材料的力学性能研究表明,其屈服强度σs和抗拉强度σb均随颗粒体积分数的增加而升高,延伸率δ先升后降.(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/Al复合材料的拉伸断口形貌表明,其断裂属塑性断裂.     

熔体反应法制备Al_3Zr_(p)、Al_2O_(3(p))/A356复合材料的凝固组织和性能

对Al ZrOCl2 体系采用熔体反应法制备了Al3Zr( p) 、Al2 O3( p) /A35 6复合材料。结果表明 :原位生成的Al3Zr和Al2 O3 均为多面体粒状 ,且Al3Zr表面存在生长小面 (facet)。复合材料凝固组织中随ZrOCl2 加入量的增加 ,颗粒分数增大 ,颗粒分布更均匀。但反应温度高于 90 0℃时 ,Al3Zr颗粒出现板块状集聚生长。拉伸试验表明 :Al3Zr(p) 、Al2 O3(p) /A35 6复合材料具有比基体更高的抗拉强度 ,并随ZrOCl2 加入量的增加而提高 ,其拉伸断口为混合型断裂     

Al-Zr(CO3)2体系反应生成Al基复合材料的力学和磨损性能研究

运用Al-Zr（CO3）2体系熔体反应法制备了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al合材料，研究了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al复合材料的力学和磨损性能。结果表明：Al-Zr（CO3）2与Al熔体反应生成了Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒；（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）g/A复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随颗粒理论体积分数的增大而提高，当颗粒体积分数为10％时，复合材料的Rm为148．3MPa，较铝基体提高了90．1％，复合材料的Rp02为110．5MPa，较铝基体的提高了163．1％，复合材料的断后伸长率先升后降；由复合材料的拉伸断口SEM可知：随着反应物质量增加，塑性变形区减小，但仍是塑性断裂；由磨损表面SEM观察表明：（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p/Al复合材料的磨损特征为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的混合型磨损。     

熔体反应制备Al3Zr（p）、Al2O3（p）／A356复合材料的凝固组织和性能

对Al-ZrOCl2体系采用熔体反应制备Al3Zr(p)、Al2O3(p)/A356复合材料。结果表明,原位生成的Al3Zr和Al2O3均为多面体位粒,且Al3Zr表面存在生长小面（facet)。复合材料凝固组织中ZrOCl2加入量的增加,颗粒分数增大,颗粒分布更均匀。但反应温度高于900℃时,Al3Zr颗粒出现板块状集聚生长,拉伸试验表明,Al3Zr(p)、Al2O3(p)／A356复合材料具有比基体更高的抗拉强度,并随ZrOCl2加入量的增加而提高,其拉伸断口为混合型断裂。     

Al-Zr-B体系反应合成复合材料的组织和性能

开发了原位合成Al-K2ZrF6-KBF4新体系，利用熔体反应法成功制备了新型颗粒增强铝基复合材料。XRD和SEM分析表明，合成的复合材料中存在ZrB2和Al3Zr颗粒，颗粒大小为1～4μm，ZrB2颗粒的截面形貌接近于正六边形，且在基体中均匀分布。拉伸试验结果表明，（Al3Zr＋ZrB2）p／Al复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着反应物加入量的增加而提高。当反应物加入质量分数为20％时，复合材料最高抗拉强度达到152．3MPa，比铝基体提高了95．2％；屈服强度为112．3MPa，比铝基体提高了167．3％。     

Al-Zr-O-B体系原位合成颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其性能

研究了采用Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4组元通过熔体反应法原位合成颗粒增强铝基复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明:内生增强相颗粒为ZrAl3、ZrB2和Al2O3,粒度为3～4μm,且在基体中弥散分布.复合材料的力学性能和干滑动磨损特性研究表明:在反应物加入量为0～20%(质量百分数)范围内时,复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度较纯铝基体明显提高,当反应物加入量为20%时,抗拉强度为150.3 MPa,屈服强度为113.7 MPa.当反应物加入量为5%时延伸率最佳为33%,属塑性断裂.复合材料的耐磨性较铝基体显著提高,当反应物加入量为10%时耐磨性最好.铝基体的磨损机制是粘着磨损,而(ZrAl3 ZrB2 Al2O3)p/Al复合材料的磨损机制是磨粒磨损.     

Al-Zr-O-B原位合成复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

采用Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4体系用熔体反应法成功合成了新型颗粒增强铝基复合材料.XRD和SEM分析表明, Zr(CO3)2和KBF4与铝液反应生成了ZrB2、Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒,颗粒尺寸细小,且弥散分布于基体中,其平均尺寸约为80～90 nm;拉伸试验结果显示.Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4体系反应生成的复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着反应物加入量的增加均显著提高,复合材料的抗拉强度为150.3 MPa,较铝基体的78.0 MPa提高了 92.7%;屈服强度为113.7 MPa,较铝基体的42.0 MPa提高了170.7%;复合材料的伸长率先升后降;由复合材料的拉伸断口SEM可知,随着反应物质量增加,塑性变形区减小,但仍然是塑性断裂.     

超声化学原位合成（Al3Zr＋ZrB2）／A356复合材料的力学行为

利用超声化学熔体原位反应技术合成颗粒增强(Al3Zr ZrB2)/A356复合材料,通过SEM原位拉伸实验及其断裂表面研究分析复合材料的断裂行为。结果表明,复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到403.61MPa、343.98MPa和8.9%,较未施加超声作用的复合材料分别提高16.09%、12.9%和32.83%;复合材料的室温拉伸断口SEM形貌表现出明显的韧窝断裂特征,为塑性断裂。裂纹的萌生机制主要有基体在滑移过程中的位错作用机制、内生Al3Zr和ZrB2颗粒脱落或破碎形成的空穴成核机制和基体缺陷诱发机制;由于内生增强颗粒微观分布上的不均匀性,当主裂纹扩展前方遇到颗粒密集区时,其扩展方向偏向颗粒贫化区,绕过颗粒密集区,并沿颗粒富集区与贫化区的界面向前扩展、延伸,形成宏观裂纹。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.