规则波作用下倾斜桩柱的受力研究

本文通过实验研究,测试了水平桩柱及倾斜桩柱在规则波作用下的波浪力。基于Morison方程和Stokes二阶波理论,分析研究了不同埋深情况下水平桩柱的受力及其水动力系数C_D、C_M随K_C数的变化规律;分析研究了不同倾角情况下,倾斜桩柱的受力及其水动力系数C_D、C_M随K_O数的变化规律,同时还探讨了在同一倾角情况下,桩柱在一端出水和全部埋于水下时,水动力系数C_D、C_M的差别。     

规则波和水流共同作用下圆柱受力的研究

本文通过实验研究,基于Morison方程和线性波理论,探讨了在规则波和水流共同作用下作用于垂直圆柱上的横向力,它与正向力的关系以及它对总力的影响。根据KC数的重新定义值,文中给出了合力系数C_l、速度力系数C_d、惯性力系数C_m、升力系数C_L及升力主导频率与KC数的相关图。结果表明,在一定KC数的范围内,横向力对总力的影响不应忽略;速度力系数C_d、惯性力系数C_m及合力系数C_l与重新定义的KC数有着良好的相关性。     

东海大桥桥梁桩柱承台水动力模型试验研究--第二部分:作用于群桩及承台上的波流力

在本系列研究第一部分单桩试验的基础上,对不规则波与均匀流共同作用于斜群桩的水动力特征进行了试验研究。由于群桩效应使得各组成桩的受力不均匀,通过试验研究,分析了群桩中各组成桩及群桩总体折减系数随KC数的变化、受水深及流速的影响。在频域内采用相关函数法进行了谱分析,得到波面谱与波力谱的相关关系。初步讨论了作用在斜群桩和承台结构上的波流力。     

Extreme wave loads on submerged water intakes in shallow water

This paper provides new guidance concerning the hydrodynamic loads on submerged intake structures located in shallow water under breaking and non-breaking waves. Results from a series of experiments conducted in a large wave flume at 1:15 scale to study the hydrodynamic forces exerted on a generic intake structure located on a sloping seabed in shallow water below breaking and non-breaking irregular waves are presented. Based on analysis of the experimental data, empirical relationships are developed to describe the peak loads in terms of characteristic wave parameters such as significant wave height and peak wave period. The distribution of the peak loads across different parts of the intake structure is also described. Drag and inertia force coefficients for the horizontal forcing on the intake structure and for the main structural sub-components are derived and presented. It is shown that the well-known Morison equation, with appropriate drag and inertia force coefficients, can provide reasonable estimates of the moderate horizontal loads, but the peak loads are less well predicted.     

大直径多圆柱体近海结构上的二阶辐射水动力

本文提出了一种解析方法，用来研究由海底地面动力激励引起的大直么径双圆柱体上的二阶辐射水动力问题，文中分析了激励频率和柱距等因素对二阶水动力的影响，将二阶水动力的各组成部分做了比较，还将二阶水动力与一阶水动力作了对比，并由此得出了有意义的结论。     

垂直桩柱正向波流力的计算及水动力系数C_D、C_M分析方法的探讨

文中首先综述了目前常用的水动力系数C_D,C_M的分析方法,并通过大量实验结果的分析对比得出,只要按本文所定义的KC数相同,则无论是纯波场,还是波流共存场,不管是规则波情况下还是不规则波情况下,都应具有相近的C_D、C_M值。文中还通过计算值与实验结果的对比,验证了本文所述波流共存场中不规则波情况下桩柱波流力计算方法是切实可行的。     

波流作用下淹没圆柱局部冲深影响因素分析

淹没圆柱在海洋工程中运用广泛,局部冲刷对此类建筑物的安全有较大影响。为掌握该类型建筑物在波流作用下的冲刷特性,在波流水槽内开展了一系列试验研究。试验将圆柱模型安装在波流水槽中部的沙槽内,沙槽内铺设中值粒径0.22 mm的无黏性沙,形成平底海床。试验中圆柱处于淹没情况,改变入射波流条件,观测多种波流作用下,不同高度淹没圆柱周围的局部冲刷深度发展过程,分析了多种无量纲参数对局部冲刷深度的影响。结果表明:当KC数不变时,冲刷深度s/D随着相对流速U_cw和Fr的增大而增大,当Fr增大到一定程度时(Fr>0.80),冲刷深度s/D趋于稳定; U_cw在固定范围内时,冲刷深度s/D随KC数的增加而增加,增长速率逐渐变慢; 引入淹没因子K_s,得到了淹没圆柱与非淹没圆柱的冲刷深度计算关系式。     

NONLINEAR DIFFRACTION FORCES ON LARGE MULTICYLINDRICAL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

ＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲ　ＤＩＦＦＲＡＣＴＩＯＮ　ＦＯＲＣＥＳ　ＯＮ　ＬＡＲＧＥ　ＭＵＬＴＩＣＹＬＩＮＤＲＩＣＡＬ　ＯＦＦＳＨＯＲＥ　ＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲＤＩＦＦＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＣＥＳＯＮＬＡＲＧＥＭＵＬＴＩＣＹＬＩＮＤＲＩＣＡＬＯＦ...     

内孤立波环境下柱体的受力特性

针对以往孤立波对柱体作用研究多只针对柱体的整体受力开展,少有研究精细获取柱体不同部位受力特性的问题,借助三维大涡模拟(LES)数值波浪水槽,通过提取柱周流场及压强分布,得到柱体所受压差阻力及黏滞力的垂向分布,对柱体在孤立波环境中的受力特性进行了分析,并采用多元线性回归分析,构造综合影响参数分析了柱体受力特性,构建了柱体受力系数经验表达式。结果表明:上下层水体中方柱所受压差阻力约分别为圆柱的1.5倍和3.5倍;作用于柱体上的黏滞力比压差阻力小1或2个数量级,可忽略流体的黏性效应;综合影响参数与相对波幅正相关,与上下水深比负相关。     

Morison方程水动力系数归一化的探讨

Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ方程中水动力系数Ｃｄ及Ｃｍ不仅与小尺度构件的变形，它在水中放置状态以及Ｋｃ数和Ｒｅ数有关，而且通常认为还随环境条件的不同而改变，即规则波与不规则波的系数不相同，纯波与流流共存的系数亦不同。本文探讨了将环境条件差异而造成水动力系数的变化，归化为Ｋｃ数的恰当定义和不规则波特征波的恰当选用，从而得到规则波与不规则波，纯波与波流共存不同条件下归一化的水动力系数Ｃｄ，Ｃｍ与Ｋｃ数的相关结果。     

斜向波浪作用下海底管线周围水动力特性数值研究

管线周围的水动力因素是管线冲刷的主要原因之一。基于OpenFOAM开源程序,结合改进后的速度入口造波法,建立三维波浪数值水槽,耦合分离涡紊流模拟方法,对管线周围水动力特性进行研究。分析了波浪入射角为30°、45°、60°和90°和KC数为5、8和11的波浪作用下,管线周围的流场结构进行分析,探讨入射角和KC数对管线周围水流结构的影响规律。结果表明:波浪作用下,入射角和KC数对管线周围水流结构具有较明显的影响。且随入射角增大,管上表面水流分离现象明显,管后正负涡量相邻分布的特征减弱;随KC数增大,管线附近涡量分布范围增大,正负涡量逐渐分离。     

Numerical simulation of flow past twin near-wall circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds number

Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step finite element method at a relatively low Reynolds number of Re = 200 for various dimensionless ratios of 0.25 ≤ G/D ≤ 2.0 and 1.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 4.0, where D is the cylinder diameter, L is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, and G is the gap between the lowest surface of the twin cylinders and the plane wall. The influences of G/D and L/D on the hydrodynamic force coefficients, Strouhal numbers, and vortex shedding modes were examined. Three different vortex shedding modes of the near wake were identified according to the numerical results. It was found that the hydrodynamic force coefficients and vortex shedding modes are quite different with respect to various combinations of G/D and L/D. For very small values of G/D, the vortex shedding is completely suppressed, resulting in the root mean square (RMS) values of drag and lift coefficients of both cylinders and the Strouhal number for the downstream cylinder being almost zero. The mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder is larger than that of the downstream cylinder for the same combination of G/D and L/D. It is also observed that change in the vortex shedding modes leads to a significant increase in the RMS values of drag and lift coefficients.     

THE RADIATION AND DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES BY A BOTTOM-MOUNTED CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A TWO-LAYER FLUID

An analytical method was proposed to analyze the radiation and diffraction of water waves by a bottom-mounted circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid. Analytical expressions for added mass and damping coefficients, as well as the wave excitation forces of the circular cylinder were obtained by an eigenfunction expansion method. The hydrodynamic forces on the bottom-mounted circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid include not only the added mass and damping coefficients, but also the wave forces of the surface and internal-wave modes. This is different from the case of a homogenous fluid. Some examples were given, showing that density stratification can have a relative large effect on these hydrodynamic forces over a wide range of frequencies.     

应用比例边界有限元法研究波浪与带狭缝三箱作用的共振现象

比例边界有限元法（SBFEM）是一种半解析的新数值分析方法,比完全数值方法具有更高的分析精度.本文应用该方法求解波浪与有限水深中三个相同,但之间存在狭缝的二维固定方箱的作用问题,为波浪与多模块超大型浮体的相互作用提供一些规律。文中给出了各箱的波浪力及反射、透射系数的数值结果,与BEM结果进行了比较,吻合良好.发现波浪与三箱的作用存在双共振现象而且中间箱的共振形式与两边箱不同.进一步分析了箱体吃水深度、狭缝宽度和箱体宽度对三箱共振频率的影响.这对超大型浮体水动力分析和结构设计具有一定的参考价值。数值结果证实该方法用较少单元便能得到精确结果,这为超大型浮体的水动力分析提供了一个可行的分析方法。     

SOME OBSERVATIONS OF TWO INTERFERING VIV CIRCULAR CYLINDERS OF UNEQUAL DIAMETERS IN TANDEM

Analysis of model test results was carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic interaction between a pair of elastically-supported rigid cylinders of dissimilar diameters in a water flume.The two cylinders are placed in tandem with one situated in the wake of the other.The diameter of the upstream cylinder is twice as large as that of the downstream cylinder.The spacing between the two cylinders ranges from 1 to 10 times the larger cylinder diameter.The Reynolds numbers are within the sub-critical range.The cylinders are free to oscillate in both the in-line and the cross-flow directions.The reduced velocity ranges from 1 to 10 and the low damping ratio of the model test set-up at 0.006 gives a combined mass-damping parameter of 0.02.It is found that the lift on and the cross-flow motion of the downstream cylinder have the frequency components derived from the upstream cylinder’s vortex shedding as well as from its own vortex shedding,and the relative importance of the two sources of excitation is influenced by the spacing between the two cylinders.The downstream cylinder’s VIV response appears to be largely dependent upon the actual reduced velocity of the cylinder.     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

随机波浪作用于三桩桩列上的横向力的水动力特征及群桩效应

本文试验研究了随机波浪作用于串列及并列三桩桩列上的横向力的水动力特征及组成桩间的群桩效应，给出了横向力系数与ＫＣ、ＬＤ两参数的相关曲线。在频域内建议了一个新参数一横向力比频率，它能从一个方面较好地概括横向力谱的特征。以孤立桩柱的横向力为基准考查了桩间相互干扰产生的横向力变化，并以群桩横向力系数描述了这一变化规律。针对随机波浪的特点，文中给出了计算各组成桩上横向力及合力的实用化方法。     

双圆柱的入水参数对水作用力的影响

为了分析多圆柱入水的各个状态参数对圆柱所受水作用力的影响,本文采用了CFD方法对双圆柱同步常速入水这一物理过程进行了动态数值模拟。采用变密度的不可压缩Euler方程作为控制方程,通过求解密度域的接触间断来追踪自由液面。基于直角切割网格系统,采用Roe型的Upwind格式的有限体积法作数值离散。采用双时间推进法和人工压缩法来进行时域步进。相对单圆柱入水的受力而言,本文对双圆柱相互作用所引起的附加水作用力,采用数值拟合的方法,提出了简单的代数表达式。然后分别以双圆柱的半径、间距和入水速度作为状态参数,定量地分析了这些参数对附加水作用力的影响,综合构造出可用于任意双圆柱同步入水模型的附加水作用力的估算表达式。本文的思想方法也可用在多柱状体的工程结构的入水分析中。     

A 3-D numerical study of solitary wave interaction with vertical cylinders using a parallelised particle-in-cell solver

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the interaction between solitary waves and vertical circular cylinders. This is achieved via process based numerical modelling using the parallel particle-in-cell based incompressible flow solver PICIN. The numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations for free-surface flows and incorporates a Cartesian cut cell method for fluid-structure interaction. Solitary waves are generated using a piston-type wave paddle. The PICIN model is first validated using a test case that involves solitary wave scattering by a single vertical cylinder. Comparisons between the present results and experimental data show good agreement for the free surface elevations around the cylinder and the horizontal wave force on the cylinder. The model is then employed to investigate solitary wave interaction with a group of eleven vertical cylinders. The wave run-up and wave forces on the cylinders are discussed.     

Numerical simulation and comparison of potential flow and viscous fluid models in near trapping of narrow gaps

Numerical simulation results of fluid oscillation in narrow gaps subjected to incident water waves are presented in this paper. Both viscous fluid model and potential flow model with artificial viscous damping are employed to investigate wave motions in a single narrow gap separated by twin bodies and double narrow gaps formed by three identical bodies. Variation of wave heights in the narrow gaps with incident wave frequency is compared with experimental data available in literatures. The numerical results demonstrate that both the viscous fluid model and the potential flow model are able to predict the resonant frequency reasonably well. However the conventional potential flow model (without introducing the artificial viscous damping) significantly over-predicts the wave height in narrow gaps around the resonant frequency. The potential flow model with artificial damping predicts resonant wave heights well with a properly tuned (or calibrated) damping coefficient. The horizontal wave force on the individual body is also examined in this work. It is found that a properly calibrated damping coefficient is also very important for estimating the horizontal wave forces on the structures. A damping coefficient of 0.4 in the potential flow model is found to result in satisfactory predictions of wave heights in the narrow gaps and the horizontal hydrodynamic force for the cases considered in this work.