影响2号岩石粉状铵梯油炸药爆速的因素分析

文中对２号岩石粉状铵梯油炸药的复合油相配制，装药密度，混药温度和原材料细度等影响爆速的因素进行了探讨。     

多孔硝铵炸药的生产试验

介绍了以多孔硝酸铵为主要成分的信格达尼特炸药、多孔硝酸铵／柴油炸药和素拉油多孔硝酸铵炸药的主要特性，使用范围和效果。     

影响DT岩石粉状铵梯炸药爆速的因素探索

文章从ＤＴ岩石粉状铵梯炸药的原材料细度，复合油相，混药时间，投料顺序，混药药温，装药密度等方面，探讨了该炸药爆速的影响因素。     

工业粉状炸药的新产品—膨化硝铵炸药

工业粉状炸药的新产品──膨化硝铵炸药兵总民爆局杨桐１引言膨化硝铵炸药是由工业粉状铰梯炸药、铰梯油炸药发展起来的，可称为工业粉状炸药第三代产品。铰梯炸药中由于其主要原材料硝酸铰易吸湿结块，梯恩梯是有毒有害物质。为了获得较好的爆炸性能，硝酸铵、梯恩梯均需...     

一种混合型低威力粒状炸药的研制

文章介绍一种适于压气设备机械化炮孔装药作业发力较低的混合型准固态颗粒状工业炸药，其主要成分按质量包括１５％－３５％的常规乳休炸药用乳胶、６０％－８０％的多孔粒状铵油和１％－９％的两种辅助添加剂。     

气流工艺生产2号岩石粉状铵梯油炸药可行性研究

该文详细论述了影响气流工艺生产２号岩石粉状梯油炸药爆速的主要因素是硝铵的含水量，对有关企业的一定的参考意义。     

影响岩石膨化硝铵炸药爆速的因素

文章探讨了硝酸铵膨化后的水分含量、堆积密度、复合油相配制、混合碾磨条件及药卷装药密度等方面，影响岩石膨化硝铵炸药爆速的因素。     

几种粉状工业炸药的热化学计算与分析

文中对国内岩石粉状工业炸药几个主要品种：岩石膨化硝铵炸药,岩石粉状乳化炸药、４号岩石铵梯油炸药、２号岩石铵梯炸药和新２号岩石铵梯油的热化学性能进行了理论计算,并对计算结果进行了分析和比较。     

液体炸药起爆弹的研究

本文介绍了一种新研制的NGY液体炸药起爆弹(俗称起爆包),以及用其代替TNT/RDX药柱引爆铵油炸药(ANFO)的应用研究。     

煤炭行业工业炸药的现状与未来

介绍了我国煤炭行业工业炸药生产、使用和技术发展现状，分析了铵梯炸药、铵沥蜡炸药、乳化炸药和水胶炸药、铵油炸药和重铵油炸药的特点和发展前景，阐述了煤炭行业工业炸药更新换代的规划和步骤。     

An Approach to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Including Propane, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butane,and Isobutane

This paper discusses a mathematical model for computing the thermodynamic properties of propane, n-butane, isobutane, and their mixtures, in the fluid phase using a method based upon statistical chain theory. The constants necessary for computations such as the characteristic temperatures of rotation, electronic state, etc. and the moments of inertia are obtained analytically applying a knowledge of the atomic structure of the molecule. The paper presents a procedure for calculating thermodynamic properties such as pressure, speed of sound, the Joule-Thomson coefficient, compressibility, enthalpy, and thermal expansion coefficient. This paper will discuss, for the first time, the application of statistical chain theory for accurate properties of binary and ternary mixtures including propane, n-butane, and isobutane, in their entire fluid phases. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of Lennard-Jones chains, the Liu-Li-Lu model has been used. The thermodynamic properties of the hydrocarbon mixtures are obtained using the one-fluid theory. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Theremophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

基于网络青年亚文化的包装年轻化策略

目的 探索如何利用网络青年亚文化来推动包装年轻化。方法 在梳理品牌年轻化、包装年轻化和网络青年亚文化等概念的基础上,结合相关理论和案例,提出包装设计利用网络青年亚文化,来促进包装年轻化的原则和策略。结论 包装年轻化是品牌年轻化的重要手段,可以达到维持品牌年轻形象、改变品牌老旧形象、阻止品牌形象老化等目的。网络青年亚文化有助于促进包装年轻化。包装年轻化策略主要是挖掘包装的文化功能、传播功能和社交功能。网络青年亚文化驱动的包装设计应该遵循匹配性、社交性、娱乐性、创新性等原则。在全面分析品牌内部和外部情况的基础上,企业要不断探索符合自身特点的包装年轻化策略,并持续改进。其中,循序渐进、品牌联合、新品牌、包装延伸和品牌社群等是包装年轻化常见的有效策略。     

Thermophysical properties of some key solids: An update

In 1985, the CODATA Bulletin published a Report of its Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids which analyzed available data on, and gave recommended values for, the heat capacity of Cu, Fe, W, and Al₂O₃, the thermal expansion of Cu, Si, W, and Al₂O₃, the electrical resistivity of Cu, Fe, Pt, and W, the thermal conductivity of Al, Cu, Fe, and W, and the absolute thermopower of Pb, Cu, Pt, and W. The analysts for the different properties were R. B. Castanet, S. J. Collocott, P. D. Desai, C. Y. Ho, J. G. Hust, R. B. Roberts, C. A. Swenson, and G. K. White. The present paper is an updated version of the earlier report and includes more recent data which change some of the recommended values. notably the heat capacity of Cu and W and the thermal expansion of Si and W.     

Experimental investigation on performance of additive mixed dielectric during micro-electric discharge drilling on 316L stainless steel

This study investigates the impact of machining factors on the performance of additive mixed micro-electric discharge drilling of 316L stainless steel. The effects of three kinds of powder, powder concentration, voltage, capacitance, feed rate, and speed on tool wear rate, material removal rate, taper angle, and overcut (OC) were also investigated. The experimental results show that adding additives to the dielectric enhanced rate of material removal and reduced rate of tool wear significantly. Mixing powder with dielectric increased the length of the sparking, resulting in significant OC, and process performance also improved with the increase in amount of powder added. Further, scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to examine the surface characteristics and material migration properties, which confirmed that the properties of the machined surface are indeed significantly improved.     

Thermal expansion of composites

A theory is developed for the overall thermal expansion of a composite consisting of either spherical or long cylindrical inclusions of one material in a matrix of another. The strain field of a single inclusion consists of a uniform expansion and a short-range strain field. These two components are related by minimizing the elastic strain energy. To account for a dense array of inclusions, average properties of the mixture are used for the long-range field, but those of the matrix alone for the short-range field. The net dilatation is thus found for inclusions of mismatching volume; hence one finds a differential expression for the thermal expansion in terms of the volume fraction of inclusions, the individual thermal expansivities, the bulk moduli of inclusion and matrix, the shear modulus of the matrix, and, in the case of cylinders, the shear modulus of the inclusions. This expression is integrated over temperature; one accounts for plasticity by letting the shear modulus depend on the temperature and on the accumulated shear strain. A representative numerical example is given.Invited paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

现代故障诊断技术研究综述

在简单介绍故障诊断技术发展的基础上,将故障诊断技术分为基于模型、基于信号、基于知识和基于智能优化4类,并对每类故障诊断技术中重要方法的原理、优缺点和研究现状进行比较分析,最后从复合智能诊断技术、远程协作诊断技术、智能仿生诊断技术3个方面,对现代故障诊断技术的发展趋势和亟待解决的问题进行分析与探讨,给出分类图,提出故障诊断领域将来的研究发展方向。     

In-situ mineralization of chitosan/calcium phosphate composite and the effect of solvent on the structure

Solvent played an important role in the formation of calcium phosphate phase of the chitosan/calcium phosphate composites. In this investigation, ethanol-acetic acid mixtures were employed as solvents, and various calcium phosphate phases, such as brushite, amorphous calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite, were introduced into the chitosan/calcium phosphate composites by using in-situ preparation process. The results showed that the structures of composite were influenced remarkably by the morphology and the distribution of calcium phosphate phase. In addition, the bioactivity of composites was governed mainly by the characters of calcium phosphate phases in composites, since calcium phosphate phases could induce the growth of hydroxyapatite coating on the surfaces of composites. On the surface of chitosan/brushite composite, the formed hydroxyapatite coating consisted of oriented plate crystallites, which self-assembled into spherical-like crystals. When other calcium phosphate phase was introduced into composites, the polymorphs of hydroxyapatite layer would change greatly. The oriented plate crystallites became bigger, and meanwhile, the self-assembled aggregates became less and smaller. In addition, with the shift of the prior nucleating point, the growth orientation of plate crystallites was transformed.     

计量量子化变革对我国工业计量的影响

针对新一轮计量单位制量子化变革带来的普遍影响进行了阐述，相应地，讨论了计量标准小型化、芯片化趋势带来的作用和影响。关于工业计量的影响，结合航空行业特征，特别针对计量单位制量子化变革和计量标准小型化、芯片化趋势这些变化给航空行业计量带来的挑战和契机，进行了系统论述，包括行业计量与量子化融合，量子化计量融入产品的全寿命周期，量子化计量与虚拟仪器技术相融合，以及芯片化计量对工业计量的推动作用。同时，给出了因应措施展望。     

Thermal Stability of Surface Layer Microstructures of Commercially Pure Titanium Treated by High Energy Shot Peening

Commercially pure titanium was treated by high energy shot peening, and annealed at a series of temperatures. The surface layers are characterized by means of scan electronic microscope, X-Ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscope and micro-hardness testing machine. The results showed that microhardness of surface layers decreases with anneal temperature, the tendency of microhardness is similar to unannealed one, in other words, the more close to the surface, the more rapidly the hardness decreases, after reaches the depth of 50 μm, the decrease becomes steadily. But the sub-surface microhardness decreased suddenly over 500 ℃, From 550 ℃ to 650 ℃, the microhardness of surface layers almost unchanged.Observing by TEM and SEM, the grain sizes of pure titanium surface layers have increased below 500 ℃; Deformation twins begin disappearing obviously at 550 ℃; The nano-scaled grains within about 10 micrometers from surface existed even at 550℃.Surface nanocrystallization is well known as one of important methods to improve surface properties. The thermal stability of nanocrystalline microstructures was related to their preparation and application. The commercial pure Ti thermal stability of nanocrystalline and deformed microstructures induced by high-energy-shot-peening (HESP) technique was investigated. The nanostructured surface and deformed sub-surface layers of specimens were prepared through HESP treatment. The thermal stability was characterized through XRD analyses of surface layers, SEM and TEM microstructure observation and microhardness measurement of specimens annealed in different temperature in the air after HESP treatments. The results showed that after HESP treatment, the microhardness of surface layers increased with treatment time, especially in the rang of about 40 micrometers from the surface, the microhardness increase was obvious. The surface microhardness decreased gradually with annealing temperature, but the sub-surface microhardness decreased suddenly over 500℃. From 550 to 650 ℃, the microhardness of surface layers almost unchanged, and is still higher than that of the undeformed microstructure. SEM observation showed that at and below 500 ℃, the microstructure changes were not obvious. At 550 ℃, the grains in surface layers grew remarkably both in SEM and TEM images at 20 micrometers deep, and the deformed twins formed in HESP treatment could be seen in the subsurface. In addition, the TEM images showed that even at 550 ℃, the nanosized grains existed within 10 micrometers from surface.     

篝火、都市与云端的三重隐喻——设计的空间介入史

相比于艺术介入，设计本身就具有改造现实和福祉普惠的价值底色，何来“介入”一说？但设计进入空间却是一部惊异和奇崛的旅程:伴随生产力和生产关系的演进，设计介入自然空间就是介入社会空间，这涵盖了所有的造物实践、商业模式和物理空间征服；设计要敢于介入精神空间，创造政治、观念、知识、逻辑、哲学、精神法则、价值观、抽象性规则、语义符号和认知概念，这是设计的终极使命；在去中心化的数字空间，设计表达蕴涵了极大的张力，具备反拨和改造社会空间的潜力。然而，基于自然、社会与精神空间的“三元一体”属性，设计的空间介入不是孤立介入，呈现多维而总体的态势。设计始终在寻觅空间，以一种确定性的能量塑形空间、治愈空间，并创造意义联结；空间的生产又丰富了设计的意涵、鼓励了设计的触角，启发了未来的设计创新实践。