炼油厂全厂工艺及热力管网设计

随着我国经济的快速发展,各行各业对能源的需求也越来越大,炼油厂的原油加工能力也在逐步提高,随着装置的不断大型化,全厂工艺及热力管网的型式也越来越向大型化、复杂化、多层化方向发展。全厂工艺及热力管网的设计是否科学、经济,直接关系到日常生产、操作、维护以及整个炼油厂的经济效益。对炼油厂全厂工艺及热力管网的设计进行总结阐述,希望对有类似的设计具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

炼油厂厂区工艺及热力管网试压施工探讨

管网管线在炼油厂厂区中布局是非常广泛的,它就好比遍布在我们全身的血管,只有确保安装管线的安全,才能使其它装置能够稳定地生产。在安装管线的过程中,对管线的试压是不可忽视的一项重要内容。本文主要论述了炼油厂厂区工艺及热力管网试压的前期准备工作、实施、技巧、一些技术实施和各种在安装过程中会发生的意外,需要注意的问题。     

试述热力管网设计及施工问题

近年来,随着社会经济的不断发展,人们对城市规划与建设的要求也在不断增多,热力管网的设计及施工就是其中一项重要的内容。由于热力管网的施工质量对工程的使用安全和人民的生命安全都有着重要的影响,需要提升热力管网的整体施工水平。为此,文章对热力管网的设计及施工展开了讨论,了解热力管网施工的现状,分析设计阶段存在的主要问题,并提出有效的改进措施,实现热力管网设计及施工质量的提升。     

保温技术在我厂的应用

该厂制订了热力管网保温技改目标,在三年内,对全厂的热力管网进行了改造,达到了 ZBG01002—88保温技术标准。文章对保温材料的优选,经济厚度的确定,围护结构的优化,以及保温施工的经验等进行了介绍。     

炼油厂全厂生产标定工作探讨

介绍了炼油厂全厂生产标定工作的基本方法及与装置标定的区别,提出了在标定过程中不仅要关注装置问题,更重要的是关注全厂配套问题,如上下游热进料改造、工艺装置的操作优化,全厂轻烃回收和凝缩油系统的设置问题,以及与新的产品质量标准和环保标准差距问题。对炼油厂进行准确的全厂标定是发现生产瓶颈、提出技改措施及改造方案的重要基础,也为行业内相关工作的开展提供参考。     

惠州1200万t炼油厂装置平面布置特点分析

重点分析了惠州炼油厂工艺装置内设备、建筑物等的布置及全厂各工艺装置平面布置特点,说明工艺装置采用联合及流程式布置具有设备布置紧凑,节省占地面积和工程投资,降低能耗,便于操作和管理等优点,在惠州炼油厂得到很好应用,为企业取得更大经济效益创造了条件。     

炼油厂VOC排放控制策略——储运、废水处理、工艺尾气、冷却塔及火炬

综述了炼油厂贮罐、油品装卸、废水处理系统、工艺尾气、循环水冷却塔及火炬等VOC排放源的控制标准与技术,并提出上述排放源VOC排放控制最佳实用技术和控制策略。炼油厂VOC无组织排放源数量多、分散且类型复杂,目前单元控制与治理技术基本成熟,未来将由末端分散控制与治理,向全厂复合减排与高效集成控制与治理发展,控制规范或标准将向减排设计、无组织排放源控制与治理及厂界在线监控发展。     

石化项目可燃性气体排放管网系统设置和设计

重点介绍了石油化工项目中全厂可燃性气体排放管网系统的设计过程,以及各设计阶段需要注意的事项,包括排放条件收集、高低压系统设置、设计排放量确定以及管网尺寸计算等,并通过项目实例对整个设计过程进行了详细的描述,提出了全厂可燃性气体排放管网的系统设计思路。     

输热管道热损测试总结

一、概况我厂年生产用汽量达66万余吨(由5台锅炉提供),折合标煤78767吨。为进一步加强热力管网的管理,查清热力管网的散热损失,我厂于1988年10月11日对全厂热力管线逐条逐段进行测试,共测试热力管道1323.3米,其中已保温管道1322.3米,散热损失为2418MJ/h,年散热损失19341GJ,价值约12万元;尚未保温裸管1米,散热损失为33MJ/h(263.8GJ/a),价值约     

全厂蒸汽系统的平衡与优化

内蒙古天野化工集团公司是1996年投产的大型氮肥企业,设计能力年产30万吨合成氨,52万吨尿素.其蒸汽系统是生产装置的重要组成部分,与全厂动力系统、工艺系统相关联,由于产汽、用汽单位多,管网等级多,搞好全厂蒸汽系统的平衡与优化,对于稳定生产、节能降耗具有积极意义. 1全厂蒸汽系统简述 全厂蒸汽来源主要是两台高压锅炉.正常运行时,废热锅炉、甲铵冷凝器等副产蒸汽并入不同等级的管网.两台辅锅为原始开车提供蒸汽,正常运行为冬季采暖供汽.蒸汽用户主要为压缩机透平、工艺、加热、伴热、吹灰等用汽单位.根据不同用户,全厂蒸汽管网系统分为五个等级,详见下图:《全厂蒸汽系统简图》     

往复式压缩机管道防振设计

往复式压缩机是炼油装置中常用的动设备。往复式压缩机管道容易发生振动,合理的管道布置、支架设置是往复式压缩机管道设计的关键,它能使管系固有频率避开共振。本文初步探讨往复式压缩机管道设计。     

A MATRIX APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PIPE NETWORKS IN COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

This article addresses the design problems associated with pipe networks in cooling water systems. The objective is to determine the lowest cost network that can supply the heat exchangers with cooling water at the flow rates previously established in the thermal design. The solution to the problem provides the diameter for each section of pipe in the network together with the corresponding pump alternative. The objective function and constraints are organized in a matrix formulation where the solution consists of a set of linear programming problems. The basic structure of the optimal design problem also extends to the solution for revamp problems. The comparison of the proposed approach to the traditional solution based on economical velocities indicates that the optimization scheme can make pipe network designs less expensive and more reliable for supplying cooling water.     

基于BP神经网络方法的热管中冷器热工性能分析

基于BP神经网络建立了热管中冷器的传热性能和阻力性能预测模型,采用基于Levenberg Marquardt的trainlm训练算法,对热管中冷器的传热性能和阻力性能进行了预测,经试验数据的验证,预测值与试验值吻合较好,传热性能网络预测最大相对误差为8.0%,平均相对误差为3.5%,阻力性能网络预测最大相对误差为13....     

工艺管道热补偿的研究

热胀冷缩是自然界的基本规律。在管道设计上,必须考虑管道的热胀或者冷缩,并且采取相应的措施控制管道的热胀或者冷缩。针对工艺管道的热胀现象,研究工艺管道的热补偿,提出管道热伸长的计算,着重介绍波纹管补偿器及选用程序。     

Multisite facility network integration design and coordination: An application to the refining industry

This paper addresses the design and analysis of multisite integration and coordination strategies within a network of petroleum refineries using different crude combination alternatives. In addition, production capacity expansion requirements are also accounted for. The main feature of the paper is the development of a methodology for simultaneous analysis of process network integration alternatives in a multisite refining system through a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) with the overall objective of minimizing total annualized cost. The State Equipment Network (SEN) representation was used for modeling the network as it provides a consistent modeling strategy and proper handling of units that operate under different operating modes, which is common in the refining industry. The integrated network design specifically addresses intermediate material transfer between processing units at each site. The performance of the proposed model was tested on several industrial-scale examples to illustrate the economic potential and trade-offs involved in the optimization of the network. The use of mathematical programming models on an enterprise-wide scale to address strategic decisions considering various process integration alternatives yielded substantial benefits. These benefits not only materialize in terms of economic considerations, but also in terms of process flexibility and improvements in the understanding of the process interactions and systems limitations. Although the methodology was applied on a network of refineries, it can be readily extended to cover any network of continuous chemical processes.     

基于BP神经网络的不凝性气体对脉动热管传热影响的分析

不凝性气体的存在会影响脉动热管的传热性能。本文以去离子水和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）溶液为工质,搭建了脉动热管半可视化传热性能实验系统,研究了不凝性气体的存在对脉动热管传热特性和运行特性的影响;通过建立BP神经网络模型,在不同不凝性气体压力条件下,对脉动热管传热热阻做出了回归预测,并进行了验证。结果表明：不凝性气体的存在会恶化脉动热管的传热性能。随着加热功率的增加,在不同不凝性气体分压力条件下的热阻呈现下降趋势。而随着不凝性气体分压力的增大,工质的蒸发段平均温度明显增大。通过BP神经网络可以对不同不凝气体分压力下脉动热管热阻作出可靠的回归预测,可为脉动热管运行状态的优劣提供判定思路。     

大型联合化工项目中压蒸汽管网吹扫方案及实施

介绍了中压蒸汽管网总体吹扫方案及实施情况,并针对吹扫过程中出现的问题提出了相应的解决措施。此次中压蒸汽管网吹扫工作取得了圆满成功,对二期项目建设过程中改进管线设计、施工、监理、验收方法以及同类管线吹扫工作具有十分重要的参考意义。     

Effects of fouling on performance of retrofitted heat exchanger networks: A thermo-hydraulic based analysis

The energy recovery performance of crude pre-heat trains (PHTs) in oil refineries is typically impaired by deposition over time of fouling on the thermal surfaces. Such time varying effects are normally not considered in the design or retrofit of heat exchangers networks. In this paper, the importance of taking into account such effects is demonstrated, by means of a case study. An existing industrial PHT network is simulated using a dynamic, distributed mathematical model for shell-and-tube heat exchangers undergoing crude oil fouling. To systematically assess the impact of fouling at the network level, several key performance indicators are proposed and used to analyse three retrofit options aimed at maximising overall heat recovery. Simulation results show that network designs that maximise energy recovery at steady state are not the best when fouling occurs. It is concluded that a proper retrofit design must include consideration of time varying fouling effects.     

Robust planning of multisite refinery networks: Optimization under uncertainty

This paper considers the problem of multisite integration and coordination strategies within a network of petroleum refineries under uncertainty and using robust optimization techniques. The framework of simultaneous analysis of process network integration, originally proposed by Al-Qahtani & Elkamel [Al-Qahtani, K., & Elkamel, A. (2008). Multisite facility network integration design and coordination: An application to the refining industry. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, 2198], is extended to account for uncertainty in model parameters. Robustness is analyzed based on both model robustness and solution robustness, where each measure is assigned a scaling factor to analyze the sensitivity of the refinery plan and integration network due to variations. Parameters uncertainty considered include coefficients of the objective function and right-hand-side parameters in the inequality constraints. The proposed method makes use of the sample average approximation (SAA) method with statistical bounding techniques. The proposed model was tested on two industrial-scale studies of a single refinery and a network of complex refineries. Modeling uncertainty in the process parameters provided a practical perspective of this type of problems in the chemical industry where benefits not only appear in terms of economic considerations, but also in terms of process flexibility.     

管道应力分析及热补偿在外管工程设计中的应用

论述工艺及供热外管道应力分析及热补偿的意义和方法，并介绍常用的热补偿装置。