垃圾焚烧炉用高强耐磨浇注料的研制与应用

<正>2008年,海螺集团结合日本川崎公司在垃圾处理领域的成熟工艺,采用新型干法水泥窑和气化焚烧炉相结合处理城市生活垃圾的技术,在铜陵海螺水泥有限公司建成了世界上首条生活垃圾焚烧-水泥联合生产线。该项目是5000t/d生产线,设计城市生活垃圾处理能力为600t/d,采用川崎公司新型循环流化床式垃圾焚烧炉。焚烧炉主体采用气化炉,炉高18m,直径5m。利用垃圾燃烧时产生的热量对气化炉内石英     

热空气为燃烧空气的生活垃圾的燃烧分析

介绍了水泥回转窑和焚烧炉联合处理城市生活垃圾系统中垃圾在焚烧炉内进行非均相燃烧的情况,对利用熟料冷却机的热风作为燃烧空气的焚烧炉内垃圾烘干状态及燃烧状态进行了热平衡分析。结果表明,热风温度为600℃时,烘干热平衡温度为231．5℃,焚烧系统不必配备点火装置,燃烧热平衡温度为999℃,满足垃圾无害化处理的温度要求;采用高的空气过剩系数有利于点火,适当降低空气过剩系数有利于提高垃圾燃烧温度。根据水泥熟料煅烧的合理空气用量,分析分解炉用燃烧空气是否全部通过焚烧炉取决于热空气温度的高低,为工程设置分解炉专用燃烧空气管道提供依据。     

焚烧炉与水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾的综合比较

结合城市生活垃圾处理现状,从发展应用情况、技术优缺点、环境效益、经济效益等多个方面对焚烧炉焚烧城市生活垃圾与水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾技术进行综合比对研究,结论是:环境效益上,水泥窑协同处置技术基本无二次污染,表现出了更好的排放情况和更为彻底的资源化处理;经济效益上,水泥窑协同处置技术设备投资少,运行费用低,投资回收期短,表现出更好的投入产出比。相较于垃圾焚烧炉,水泥窑协同处置技术无害化处理彻底,更具推广价值。     

处理废弃物用焚烧炉和熔融炉及其耐火材料

由于城市垃圾和产业废弃物的发生量逐年增多，对地球环境造成了严重污染，越来越危害人类和动植物的生存，所以用产业废弃物的处理是一个急需解决的问题。本文简要介绍了处理城市垃圾和产业废弃物用焚烧炉和熔融炉的型式、结构和使用技术，并重点阐述了焚烧炉和熔融炉用耐火材料的种类、性能、使用效果及其今后发展方向。     

水泥回转窑处理工业(生活)垃圾技术研究

当前国民经济飞速发展，工业及生活垃圾的产生量迅速增加。工业（生活）垃圾的处理技术是国内外非常热门的研究开发领域，并将成为一个市场潜力巨大的产业。传统的垃圾处理方法是填埋，这样既占用了宝贵的土地资源，又污染了地下水。垃圾的焚烧对城市生活垃圾的处理不失为一种行之有效的措施，但它对有毒工业垃圾的处理并不能显现出任何优越性。相反由于垃圾焚烧炉的焚烧温度低（大多低于１５００℃），很多有毒成分尚没有完全分解，而中低温度范围的垃圾在焚烧过程中会产生另外一种有毒成分———二英，这在大量应用焚烧炉处理生活垃圾的西…     

水泥窑和焚烧炉联合处理生活垃圾技术和效果

水泥窑和焚烧炉联合处理城市生活垃圾技术是把垃圾焚烧炉建在水泥窑旁边，利用冷却熟料的热风作为垃圾燃烧空气，垃圾在无外加燃料的情况下稳定燃烧，焚烧产生的热能替代水泥烧成的燃料，灰渣作为水泥生产的原料，做到垃圾的资源化、无害化、无残留物处理，具有比其它焚烧方式更好的环境友好性。经济分析说明该技术投资省、处理成本低，投入产出比高。该技术的应用，将产生政府和企业双赢，环境和效益双赢的效果。     

水泥生产线协同处置生活垃圾技术及装备

根据生活垃圾的物理、化学性能,对垃圾处理与垃圾焚烧技术进行分析,对水泥生产线协同处置生活垃圾进行技术探讨:层燃焚烧炉和流化床焚烧炉是垃圾焚烧炉发展的主流,层状燃烧技术是垃圾焚烧技术中最为成熟、应用最多的技术,水泥生产线是协同处置生活垃圾最为适宜的场所之一,对于成分复杂、热值低、水分高、分捡率低的国内普通生活垃圾采取“层燃焚烧炉+分解炉”,可实现国内普通生活垃圾的资源化、无害化、减量化、环保化处置.     

重金属螯合剂处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术

引言随着我国社会经济的发展、城市化进程的加快以及人们物质生活的提高,全国城市生活垃圾年产生量已达1.5亿吨以上,并以每年8%～10%的速率增加[1-3]。城市垃圾焚烧是我国垃圾处置的重要手段,在焚烧过程中将产生大量飞灰,飞灰产量与垃圾种类、焚烧条件、焚烧炉型及烟气处理工艺有关,一般约占被焚烧垃圾量的3%～5%。分析表     

浅析焚烧炉除尘技术的应用

垃圾是人类生产和生活活动的伴生物，由于环境容量的有限性，不可能无限承受排放的垃圾，为维持城市的可持续发展，人们对焚烧设备的技术状况都很关注。本文首先介绍了垃圾焚烧在国内的现状以及焚烧处理技术存在的问题，提出焚烧炉除尘技术的优势。     

城市生活垃圾的优化处理技术

分析了城市生活垃圾的处理现状,运用循环经济、可持续发展的观点,对填埋、焚烧、堆肥、综合利用等城市生活垃圾主要处理技术进行比较,得出结论：综合利用处理技术是城市生活垃圾优化处理的有效措施。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。