纳米颗粒分布对镁基复合材料强化机制的影响

Orowan强化、热错配强化和Hall-Petch强化是纳米颗粒增强镁基复合材料的主要强化机制,纳米颗粒在基体中的分布状态对起主导作用的强化机制具有重要影响.本文中对现有强化机制模型进行了适当修正,以纳米SiC颗粒增强AZ91D复合材料为例,通过理论计算分析了纳米颗粒完全分布于晶内、完全分布于晶界、在晶内晶界上均有分布的三种状态对镁基复合材料屈服强度的影响,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:颗粒完全分布于晶内时,增强效果最好,主要增强机制为Orowan强化;颗粒完全分布于晶界上时,增强效果最差,主要增强机制为Hall-Petch强化.颗粒在晶内晶界上均有分布时,多种强化机制共同发挥作用,增强效果随着晶内与晶界上颗粒比例的减小而逐渐减弱.     

界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响

界面对复合材料蠕变性能的影响很大。在试验分析的基础上建立了硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料理论分析模型,利用三维有限元分析方法,系统研究了界面特性、界面上应力应变分布和短纤维位向变化对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响。研究表明：界面特性,如厚度、模量,均对纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率有影响,当界面厚度增加,纤维最大轴应力减小而稳态蠕变速率增大;当界面模量增大,纤维最大轴应力增大而稳态蠕变速率减小,但当界面模量高于基体模量时,纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率均保持不变;纤维位向也影响轴应力分布和稳态蠕变速率,纤维在其末端界面上存在较大的应力和应变,此处容易产生微裂纹而使材料抗蠕变能力下降;界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的蠕变曲线和蠕变断裂机制也有影响,其影响程度还与纤维位向有关。     

纳米颗粒分布对镁基复合材料强化机制的影响

Orowan强化、 热错配强化和Hall-Petch强化是纳米颗粒增强镁基复合材料的主要强化机制, 纳米颗粒在基体中的分布状态对起主导作用的强化机制具有重要影响。本文中对现有强化机制模型进行了适当修正, 以纳米SiC颗粒增强AZ91D复合材料为例, 通过理论计算分析了纳米颗粒完全分布于晶内、 完全分布于晶界、 在晶内晶界上均有分布的三种状态对镁基复合材料屈服强度的影响, 并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明: 颗粒完全分布于晶内时, 增强效果最好, 主要增强机制为Orowan强化; 颗粒完全分布于晶界上时, 增强效果最差, 主要增强机制为Hall-Petch强化。颗粒在晶内晶界上均有分布时, 多种强化机制共同发挥作用, 增强效果随着晶内与晶界上颗粒比例的减小而逐渐减弱。     

SiCp/AZ91复合材料大口径管材的热挤压成形研究

目的 解决镁基复合材料大口径管材成形加工困难的问题。方法 通过搅拌铸造技术制备的SiC颗粒增强AZ91镁基复合材料百公斤级铸锭坯料,开展了大口径镁基复合材料管材的热挤压成形工艺优化,分析复合材料变形过程中组织与力学性能演变规律,并揭示了其微观机制。结果 复合材料管材最佳热挤压工艺参数为：挤压温度为400 ℃,挤压速度为1 mm/s,在最佳的工艺下成功成形出外径260 mm和130 mm的SiC颗粒增强AZ91镁基复合材料挤压管材,复合材料挤压管材的弹性模量、屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率分别可以达到72 GPa,302 MPa,356 MPa,1.2%。结论 对温度、挤压比、挤压速度等工艺参数的优化,以及利用SiC颗粒对再结晶行为的促进作用,是制备出大尺寸复合材料管材的关键。     

高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料研究进展

铝合金结构或导体材料在高温环境下易发生蠕变现象,且性能随服役时间的延长而劣化,甚至发生结构破坏,导致灾难性事故的发生.因此,有效提高铝合金抗蠕变性能是其可应用于高温高载荷环境且保持优异性能的关键.目前,国内外主要通过稀土处理、合金化处理及添加增强体等方法细化铝合金晶粒,并在铝合金晶内和晶界处形成弥散分布、热稳定性高的析出相,采用细晶强化、析出强化、弥散强化、直接强化等机制钉扎晶内位错运动,抑制晶界移动,从而显著减缓铝合金的稳态蠕变速率,提升其抗蠕变性能.另外,可以通过构建蠕变性能与蠕变条件、微观结构、析出相特征之间的关系模型,预测铝合金的蠕变特性与服役寿命,为高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料的设计提供理论依据.本文在铝合金蠕变行为分析基础上,针对扩散蠕变、晶界滑移和位错蠕变等高温蠕变机制,从稀土微合金化、多元微合金化及复合强化等方面入手,归纳了高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料的研究现状,揭示了高温蠕变性能的改善机制,并综述了蠕变理论模型构建及寿命预测方法的研究,同时分析了抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料研究中存在的问题与发展趋势.     

先驱体转化法制备SiC纤维的研究进展

先驱体法制备的SiC纤维是高性能陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)的关键增强材料. 在过去三十年里, 已发展了三代SiC纤维. 本文综述了三代SiC纤维制备工艺、组成结构和性能的发展变化情况, 分析了SiC纤维的耐高温、抗氧化、模量和高温抗蠕变性能与其组成和结构的相互关系, 总结了提高纤维性能的主要方法.     

AZ91镁合金抗高温蠕变性能的研究和发展

综述了国内外AZ91镁合金抗高温蠕变性能的研究进展,重点讨论了其蠕变机理及提高其抗高温蠕变性能的方法,对AZgl镁合金抗高温蠕变性能的研究方向提出了一些看法和展望.     

熔剂保护条件下制备碳化硅颗粒增强镁基复合材料

在熔剂保护条件下,制备了碳化硅颗粒增强的镁基复合材料.利用电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计和称量法对复合材料的结构、微观组织、硬度及密度进行了表征.结果表明,在复合材料的制备过程中,界面发生轻微的化学反应.随着碳化硅颗粒加入量的增加,复合材料的硬度和密度也呈增加趋势.实验确定了熔剂保护条件下制备碳化硅颗粒增强镁基复合材料的最佳条件.     

SiCp/AZ91D镁基纳米复合材料的室温拉伸行为及塑性变形机理

为得到高强度和高塑性的镁基复合材料,通过高能超声分散法和金属型重力铸造工艺制备了SiC纳米颗粒分散均匀的SiCp/AZ91D镁基纳米复合材料,并进行T4固溶热处理和室温拉伸。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对试样拉伸后的显微组织和塑性变形机理进行观察与研究。结果表明:T4态SiCp/AZ91D镁基纳米复合材料室温下抗拉强度达到296 MPa,伸长率达到17.3%。经室温拉伸变形后复合材料基体微观组织中出现了大量的孪晶和滑移,孪生和滑移是复合材料塑形变形的主要机制。在室温拉伸过程中,α-Mg基体中SiC纳米颗粒周围形成高应变场,高应变场内形成大量位错和堆垛层错,这些位错和堆垛层错在拉伸应变的作用下演变成大量的滑移带和孪晶,这是SiCp/AZ91D镁基纳米复合材料在室温下具有高塑性的微观塑性变形机理。     

通过离子掺杂剂界面偏析来提高氧化物弥散强化合金的机械性能

氧化物弥散强化钨合金(ODS-W)因具有显著提升的抗辐照能力、高温强度以及抗蠕变性能而展现出巨大的高温应用潜力.然而,分散在合金中的氧化物第二相颗粒容易在钨晶界处团聚并长大(甚至到微米尺寸),这大大抑制了它们对钨合金的强化效果.目前,如何有效细化和分散钨晶界处的氧化物第二相颗粒一直是人们面临的巨大挑战.在本文中,我们通...     

CVD SiC涂层SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料的研究

本文采用CVD技术对KD-1 SiC纤维作涂层处理,再通过聚碳硅烷浸渍裂解法制备单向SiCf/SiC复合材料.研究了不同沉积时间的CVDSiC涂层对SiCf/SiC复合材料性能的影响,同时运用SEM研究了SiC纤维表面SiC涂层的形貌.结果表明:经过5小时CVDSiC涂层SiCf/SiC复合材料具有良好的力学性能和抗氧化性能.     

Growth of SiC particles in reaction sintered SiC

For reaction sintered SiC (RSSC) prepared at 1600°C by conventional melt infiltration technique, experimentation with two different particle sizes of initial SiC, viz., 0.2 and 23.65 μm, showed that the large SiC particles remained unaltered and the sizes of the fine-grained SiC increased several times yielding well-developed faceted crystals in the final material. To study the process further, compacts of SiC powder of particle sizes varying between 0.20 and 8.99 μm were reacted with pure Si at 1600°C and the resulting SiC–Si boundaries were studied by optical microscopy. A distinct boundary layer with no penetration of Si in the compact of SiC of 0.2 μm was observed and the width of the SiC–Si boundary was found to be increasing linearly with time. Detailed SEM examination establishes the growth of the SiC upto around 4 μm from 0.2 μm starting powder. No such growth was observed in the case of starting SiC powder coarser than 0.2 μm. The growth of SiC is explained in terms of solution-reprecipitation mechanism.     

泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面纳米多孔碳化硅涂层的制备

利用硅改性树脂中硅元素和碳元素分子级均匀分散的特征,以硅改性树脂为涂层原料,在泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面原位生成了多孔碳化硅活性涂层。在加入适量活性炭颗粒的条件下,在泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面得到了性能良好的纳米碳化硅涂层,适合作为催化剂载体。相反,在没有活性炭颗粒加入的情况下,所得涂层龟裂、结合强度低,且碳化硅团聚成片,比表面积小。     

Long-term strength of SiC fibers with nanocrystalline SiC coatings

The long-term strength σ_t of SiC fibers coated with SiC nanoparticles is approximately equal to30·10 ⁷ pa for t=200h at 1500K. The long-term strength of coated fibers is lower than for fibers without coatings by 25–50%. Owing to their enhanced reaction characteristics, the nanocrystalline SiC coatings are sintered at T<1500K, which is lower than the temperature of sintering of self-bonded SiC by 500 K. For this reason, we can recommend coated SiC fibers for manufacturing SiC/SiC composites by sintering at a temperature of 1500K because, at this temperature, SiC fibers do not degrade. Shevchenko National University, Kiev, Ukraine. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 95 – 99, January – February, 1998.     

Fatigue behaviour of 3-d SiC/SiC Composites

A tension–tension fatigue damage analysis was performed using 3-d silicon carbide fibre reinforced (orthogonal) silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites. Two groups of SiC/SiC specimens were tested. The first group consisted of samples without any oxidation protective top layer coating, whilst the latter one contained samples covered with a well fitting, chemical vapour deposited (CVD) SiC system. This coating is necessary for the material to sustain high temperatures. Both the coated and uncoated material had a fibre volume fraction of about 36% equally distributed in three rectangular directions. Load control fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature. The fatigue life was found to decrease by increasing the cyclic stress level. A power-law equation is proposed, which correlates the applied maximum stress during the fatigue test with the number of cycles to failure. In general, the presence of the coating layer decreases the static strength of the material. However, the nominal maximum cyclic stress for which the endurance fatigue limit appeared, remained unaffected by the presence of the oxidation protective SiC coating. Microstructural examination has also been performed on the fractured specimens and it reveals some of the failure mechanisms of the composite that appeared under quasi-static and dynamic loading.     

An approach to the mechanical behaviour of SiC/SiC and C/SiC ceramic matrix composites

The mechanical behaviour of two woven composites C/SiC and SiC/SiC was investigated at room temperature. The non-linear load-displacement curves and the damaging process were closely related to the specific structure of the composites, consisting of a network of impregnated bundles of fibres. The damage in the bundles proceeded by multiple cracking in the matrix before fibre failure, and dictated the response to the applied load. Other mechanisms, consisting mainly of distortions in bundles and their framework, induced a residual deformation and an energy dissipation. The behaviour was characterized according to the damaging process. Stress-electric strain curves revealed a mechanical response similar to those observed in unidirectional composites, although some effect of the specimen geometry on the curves was observed. Residual strains were similar in tensile and bending conditions. The work of fracture was consistently described by a volumetric rate of energy absorption, related to the applied strain, but the respective contributions of different damage mechanisms could not be determined.     

Localized mechanical property assessment of SiC/SiC composite materials

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC) are under consideration as a structural material for a range of nuclear applications. While these materials have been studied for decades, recently new small scale materials testing techniques have emerged which can be used to characterize SiC/SiC materials from a new perspective. In this work cross section nanoindentation was performed on SiC/SiC composites revealing that both the hardness and Young’s modulus was substantially lower in the fiber compared to the matrix despite both being SiC. Using scanning electron microscopy it was observed that the grain growth of the matrix during formation was radially out from the fiber with a changing grain structure as a function of radius from the fiber center. Focused ion beam machining was used to manufacture micro-cantilever samples and evaluate the fracture toughness and fracture strength in the matrix as a function of grain orientation in the matrix. Additionally microstructural characterization techniques like Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microtomography were used to evaluate differences in the matrix and fibers of the composite.     

SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能

以连续SiC纤维为增强体,采用前驱体浸渍裂解工艺,在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须制备出多级增强的SiCf/SiC-SiCw复合材料,并采用化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层,研究了SiC晶须及其表面BN界面层对复合材料的性能影响.结果表明:在复合材料中引入SiC晶须后,由于晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等作用增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使SiCf/SiC复合材料的压缩强度有明显提高,当引入体积分数为20％的SiC晶须时,复合材料压缩强度提高了22.6％,可达673.9 MPa.通过化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别为414.0,800.3 MPa和22.2 MPa·m1/2,较SiC晶须表面无界面层时分别提高了13.9％,8.8％和19.0％.