水解酸化-好氧工艺在苯酚废水处理中的应用

利用水解酸化.好氧生物工艺对吉林某化工厂产生的苯酚废水进行了试验研究,探讨了COD容积负荷的增加对水解酸化-好氧工艺处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,经过适当的培养驯化,水解酸化酸化-好氧生物工艺能够较好的处理毒性较大的苯酚废水;并随着进水COD容积负荷的不断增加,水解酸化-好氧工艺对COD的去除率维持在87%～94%之间.当进水COD容积负荷增加至3.12 kg·m-3·d-1时,处理效果仍较好,COD的去除率仍为94%.     

Fenton氧化-生化组合工艺处理仲丁灵废水

根据仲丁灵废水具有高浓度、难生物降解的特点,采用Fenton氧化-水解酸化-好氧组合工艺对该废水进行试验研究.结果表明,废水经Fenton氧化后,废水的BOD5/COD值由0.012升高至0.248,经水解酸化、好氧生化工序处理后的出水COD<100mg·L-1,符合污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

Fenton氧化一生化组合工艺处理仲丁灵废水

根据仲丁灵废水具有高浓度、难生物降解的特点,采用Fenton氧化-水解酸化-好氧组合工艺对该废水进行试验研究。结果表明,废水经Fenton氧化后,废水的BOD5/COD值由0．012升高至0．248,经水解酸化、好氧生化工序处理后的出水COD〈100mg&#183;L^-1,符合污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）一级排放标准。     

高效气浮-水解酸化-好氧耦合工艺处理废纸再生造纸废水

采用高效气浮-水解酸化(UASB)-好氧(生物铁强化接触氧化)耦合工艺处理废纸再生造纸废水.运行结果表明,此工艺能有效处理废纸再生造纸废水,COD去除率达到93.9%,BOD去除率达到85.4%,SS去除率达到96.6%.生物接触氧化池中投加适量亚铁离子形成的生物铁强化反应器,可以将废纸再生造纸废水的COD、BOD、SS去除率分别提高10%、13%、21%.     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理印染废水

针对印染废水的水质特点，本文采用水解酸化与接触氧化相结合的生化工艺对废水进行处理。水解酸化和好氧接触设计停留时间均为10h，运行结果表明，水解酸化单元可有效提高废水的可生化性，废水经水解酸化后B／C值可从0．2～0．3提高至0．4左右，有效保证了好氧接触处理效果。根据环保监测结果，COD一般在80mg／L，BOD，在10mg／L以下，COD去除率80％以上，BOD，去除率90％以上。     

高浓度箱板纸生产废水处理的工程实例

以浙江某大型造纸企业废水工程为例,探讨了初次混凝沉淀—厌氧水解/好氧氧化—二次沉淀—二次混凝沉淀—砂滤工艺在高浓度箱板纸废水处理中的应用。结果表明,初次混凝沉淀能够有效去除废水中的悬浮物;厌氧水解池可以很好地承受高有机负荷,并能够提高废水的BOD/COD,厌氧水解/好氧氧化阶段对COD去除率90%;二次混凝沉淀进一步降低了废水的COD;最终的砂滤池保障出水水质稳定。该工艺可以有效地去除箱板纸生产废水中的COD和SS,平均COD去除率为98%,SS去除率为99%,出水各项指标达到了《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544—2001)的要求。     

水解酸化-厌氧-好氧工艺处理抗生素废水

试验采用生化工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水。结果表明 ,水解酸化反应器最大COD容积负荷达到 1 6.84kg/(m3·d)。厌氧复合床处理水解酸化后的抗生素废水 ,当容积负荷为 6.0kg/(m3·d)时 ,反应器对SS、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别为 75.6%、91 .7%、96.1 % ;厌氧出水采用周期循环活性污泥系统进行处理 ,当容积负荷为 1 .6kg/(m3·d)时 ,反应器对SS、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别为 91 .6%、88.7%、95.4%。     

Fenton+水解酸化-好氧生化组合工艺处理液晶显示屏清洗废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化法作为液晶显示屏清洗废水的物化预处理工艺,探讨了H2O2投加量、反应初始p H、反应时间以及H2O2与Fe SO4的投加量比对Fenton试剂氧化效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton试剂对该废水预处理的优化反应条件为:质量分数30%的双氧水投加量1.0 m L/L,反应初始p H为3,反应时间180 min,n(H2O2):n(Fe SO4)为5:1。经过Fenton试剂氧化预处理后的废水通过水解酸化-好氧生化处理后,COD和TOC的生化去除率分别达到94%和93%以上;且经过Fenton试剂氧化预处理后,水解酸化-好氧生化系统的COD容积负荷NV由原来直接生化的0.3~0.35 kg/(m3·d)提高至0.45~0.55 kg/(m3·d)。     

兼氧水解-加压接触氧化塔处理含盐吡虫啉废水

对兼氧水解-加压接触生物氧化塔处理高含盐吡虫啉废水进行了试验研究。主要考察了兼氧水力停留时间、氧化塔压力、氧化塔容积负荷、农药废水含盐质量分数对系统运行效果的影响。结果表明:吡虫啉废水经水解预处理后,其COD从5 000 mg/L降至3 500 mg/L左右,可生化性明显提高,BOD5/COD由0.20升高到0.351;加压接触氧化塔在压力p为0.2—0.3 MPa,体积负荷Nv<18.2 kg/(m3.d)时,其COD去除率可达70%以上,其极限含盐质量分数可达2.8%;该组合工艺具有处理效果好、处理时间短、占地少、适用性强、耐盐性能好的特点,适用于处理高盐工业废水。     

Fe/C微电解深度处理综合染料废水

染料废水具有“三高一低”的特点(高COD、高色度、高含盐量、低BOD5/COD),是废水治理的难点热点之一.在前期研究的工艺(混凝、气浮、水解酸化、好氧)基础上采用Fe/C微电解系统处理好氧池出水.结果表明:在pH为3.5,铁炭比1∶1.2,反应时间35 min的条件下,COD和色度的去除率分别稳定在80％和85％以上,出水中COD在60 mg/L以下,色度在42度以下,达到《GB 4287-1992纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》一级标准.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。