新型弥散式透气砖的性能及应用

为了提高精炼钢包底吹氩透气砖的使用寿命、底吹效果和安全可靠性,研制了一种采用透气内芯与致密高强材料组合的新型弥散式透气砖。通过其在150 t钢包中的使用情况表明,与目前使用的狭缝式透气砖相比,研制的新型弥散式透气砖有以下优势:1)透气性稳定,可有效防止钢水渗钢;2)在浇钢结束后不进行吹扫或者间歇式吹扫就能达到透气要求,显著降低了工人的劳动强度,同时也降低了部分能耗;3)使用寿命明显提高,而且提高了透气砖使用安全系数。     

环形狭缝式透气砖的研制与应用

以板状刚玉为主要原料,纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,研究了尖晶石细粉、活性Al2O3微粉、Cr2O3微粉对透气砖性能的影响,并研究了不同材质,狭缝形式、狭缝长度和狭缝厚度对钢水渗入狭缝的影响。结果表明:适量的活性Al2O3微粉可提高透气砖浇注料的流动性和体积密度;尖晶石可显著改善试样的抗热震性能,但加入量过大会影响材料的高温体积稳定性,并恶化抗渣性能;Cr2O3微粉对材料的流动性和抗热震性能影响不显著,但可提高其抗渣性能。透气砖材质、狭缝形式和狭缝长度对狭缝渗钢的影响不明显,但狭缝厚度会显著影响钢水在狭缝中的渗透行为。与条形缝相比,环形缝可改善透气砖的透气性能,提高透气砖的使用寿命,吹通率达到了100%。     

90t LF钢包长寿命透气砖的设计与应用

通过分析90 t LF钢包透气砖的损毁原因,研究了狭缝布置、狭缝宽度、双透气砖的设计应用对透气砖透气性的影响,以保证透气砖的冶金效果,并设计开发钢包透气砖砌筑新工艺以提高透气砖的使用寿命,为建立快速、协同的二次冶金平台奠定了良好基础,满足了洁净钢生产的工艺要求。     

提高精炼钢包吹成率的措施

钢包底吹氩是炉外精炼工艺的关键 ,底吹透气砖是这一工艺最为关键的功能元件。底吹透气砖使用寿命及吹成率对品种钢的质量、生产节奏的安排及生产成本等都有直接影响 ,因此其使用寿命和吹成率是重要的考核参数。而透气砖的使用寿命和吹成率与透气砖本身的材质、气道结构、使用维护及冶炼钢种 ,钢包中钢水高度 ,炼钢工艺要求的钢水温度 ,吹氩压力、流量等因素有直接关系 ,为了提高其寿命和吹成率 ,底吹透气砖必须具备良好的抗侵蚀性、抗热震性及高强度、操作稳定、透气性好、安全可靠等特点。要提高精炼钢包的吹成率 ,需分析影响底吹透气砖的…     

吹氩期间狭缝数量和尺寸对透气砖热梯度应力的影响

为提高透气砖的使用寿命,对其因吹氩而产生的热梯度应力场进行了模拟分析,以确定狭缝的合理尺寸及数量.首先根据研究目的和透气砖工作特点,在适当简化其结构和边界条件的基础上,建立了它的二维平面应变有限元模型.然后在保持透气砖尺寸和狭缝分布形式一定的前提下,研究了狭缝尺寸和数量变化对透气砖热梯度应力场的影响.研究结果表明:(1)热梯度应力仅在狭缝附近有剧烈变化,且狭缝尺寸及数量变化对最大拉应力影响不大;(2)狭缝越长,透气砖的整体热应力越大;(3)狭缝宽度变化对透气砖整体热应力分布影响不大;(4)对于本次分析来讲,狭缝最佳条数为20条.     

中间包用透气砖的生产工艺及使用经验

开发了在浇钢过程中采用氩气对中间包内的钢水进行喷吹用透气砖的结构和生产工艺.对喷吹用透气砖进行了模拟试验,并确定了其最佳结构.制成了具有毛细结构的定向气孔的透气砖,该砖具有较高的强度和均匀的气孔.由于可以改变可燃充填件的数量、尺寸及分布方式,因而可以调节该制品的透气性.     

ρ-Al2O3结合铝镁铬质透气砖的研制与应用

着对钢水洁净度要求的提高 ,钢包精炼得到了普及 ,钢包底吹氩气透气砖被日益广泛地应用于精炼工艺上。吹氩具有均化钢水 ,使夹杂物上浮 ,提高钢水质量的作用 ,透气砖作为钢包底吹供气元件起着非常重要的作用。本研究研制出了具有合理狭缝结构的烧成无水泥铝镁铬质透气砖 ,并在 2 5t转炉钢包和 45tLF精炼钢包上进行了批量使用 ,证明其使用效果良好。1　设计思路本实验以铝镁尖晶石体系为出发点进行设计。由于使用铝酸钙水泥为结合剂会导致高温下生成尖晶石和六铝酸钙 ,产生的体积效应使透气砖的尺寸难于控制 ,烧成废品率高 ,使用中也会出现…     

狭缝对透气砖热应力影响的模拟研究

对透气砖吹氩时热应力模拟计算,探索狭缝对透气砖热应力影响,寻求合理的狭缝布置提高透气砖使用寿命.首先,在保持固定的狭缝尺寸与位置的前提下建立径向与切向两种狭缝布置形式钢包透气砖物理模型,然后设置合适的边界条件,计算在吹氩时两种模型整体应力及轴向不同位置路径热应力分布.研究发现:两种狭缝形式的透气砖在工作面附近都有明显应力梯度;狭缝径向布置与切向布置时轴中心区域在相同路径上应力最大值比较,前者是后者的3到6倍;切向狭缝截面中心呈现较低应力,狭缝至截面边缘的区域应力较高,而狭缝径向布置时截面上狭缝之间的位置呈现出一个应力较高的环形区域.     

狭缝式刚玉质透气砖的性能研究

正近年来,LF、VOD炉底吹氩工艺多采用狭缝式透气砖,日本TYK公司的技术人员研究了狭缝宽度、长度以及材质对透气砖抗钢液浸润性的影响。选用质量分数分别为75%的刚玉骨料、18%的Al2O3微粉、7%的铝酸钙水泥制备了刚玉质透气砖。钢液浸润试验采用回转抗渣法。其试验条件和试验结果如下:(1)固定狭缝长度为15 mm,宽度分别为0.13、0.2、0.3、     

狭缝式铬刚玉透气砖的研制及应用

把以电熔刚玉、氧化铬为主要原料制成的低水泥振动成型座砖,经机压成型的铬刚玉套砖、铬刚玉造气板,和以电熔刚玉为主要原料制成的弥散型刚玉透气塞、钢套等组合在一起,制成狭缝式铬刚玉透气砖。经使用该砖达到进口透气砖的水平。     

狭缝式透气砖的研制与应用

采用高性能铬刚玉质浇注料 ,通过合理的狭缝设计 ,研制了狭缝式透气砖。该砖具有吹成率高、寿命长、安全可靠等优点 ,适用于大型精炼钢包     

用后钢包透气砖显微结构分析

对60 t LF VD精炼钢包用刚玉-尖晶石透气砖和45 t LF精炼钢包用铬刚玉-尖晶石透气砖用后残砖进行了显微结构分析。结果表明:LF精炼工艺用透气砖狭缝及裂纹有明显的渣侵蚀和渗透,LF VD精炼工艺用透气砖狭缝和裂纹有钢液渗透。在周期性操作过程中,狭缝口部的扩大和热震造成的裂纹会使钢液或渣液的渗透侵蚀作用加剧并导致剥落现象的发生。透气砖狭缝堵塞直接影响吹通率和使用寿命,所以,要优化狭缝尺寸,提高材料的抗热震性。     

Modelling and design of thin-film slurry photocatalytic reactors for water purification

Photocatalytic oxidation processes are highly effective clean technologies for the degradation and mineralization of a wide variety of priority pollutants in water and wastewater. However, the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis for wastewater treatment on an industrial scale has been impeded by a lack of mathematical models that can be readily applied to reactor design and scale-up. As a results current photocatalytic reactors in research and development have been designed by empirical or semi-empirical methods only.In this paper, a simple and generic mathematical model for steady-state, continuous flow, thin-film, slurry (TFS) photocatalytic reactors for water purification using solar and UV lamps is presented. The model developed is applicable to TFS flat plate and annular photoreactors of (a) falling film design or (b) double-skin design, operating with three ideal flow conditions: (1) falling film laminar flow, (2) plug flow and (3) slit flow. The model is expressed in dimensionless form and scale-up of TFS photocatalytic reactors can be carried out by dimensional analysis. In addition, the model parameters can be estimated easily from real systems and model solutions can be obtained with little computational effort.Comparison of a number of ideal flow systems shows that both falling film laminar flow and plug flow operation modes give higher performance than the slit flow system. Slit flow operation mode results in lower conversions due to the non-correspondence of fluid-residence time and the transversal radiation field. The effect of optical thickness, on reactor performance and the evolution of radial profiles of a model pollutant with photoreactor length are presented for each of the operation modes. The falling film laminar flow system was found to be more efficient than the plug flow system when the reactor conversion is above 80%. For lower reactor conversion the plug flow system was found to be marginally more efficient than the falling film laminar flow system. A methodology for the optimal geometrical design of a highly efficient configuration of TFS photocatalytic reactors is also presented. The mathematical models presented may be used as a tool for the design, scale-up and optimization of these types of photocatalytic reactors.     

Residence time distributions of a series of laminar stages

The Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of a series of j cylindrical (and “slit”) geometry vessels with laminar flow is analyzed. Fully transverse mixing at the points of connection between cells and no significant contribution of molecular diffusion to the mixing process are assumed. This model leads to a one-parameter (j) family of RTD curves, which are more asymmetric and long tailed than those predicted by the “ideal back-mix cells in series” and “axial dispersed plug flow” models.     

Ongoing Technology and Developing Trend of Ar-blowing Purging Plug

An introduction of the ongoing technology of ar-gon-blowing purging plugs in China was presented in this work.Gel powders were used as starting materials to enhance the high temperature mechanical properties of the purging plugs.Composite purging plug adopting ex-trusion formed gas-purging bar and slit had its surface structural design improved,which enhanced the resist-ances to thermal shock and molten steel penetration,prolonging the service life.In addition,the safety Was greatly improved by upgrading the framework and pro-duction process,enhancing the resistance to breakout.It is indicated that the developing trend is to produce pur-ging plugs of longer service life and better gas purging rate with different starting materials and structure de-signs to meet the requirements of various metallurgical processes.     

A dual slit in‐line die for measuring the flow properties of S‐PVC formulations

We have developed an instrumented dual slit die mounted on a twin‐screw extruder. This device allows us to distinguish the predominant flow pattern and calculate the shear viscosity, Cogswell elongational viscosity, and a Mooney wall‐slip velocity. The melt‐down process is also monitored by measuring the screw torque together with temperatures and pressures along the screw barrel. So far, we have seen that many pipe and profile formulations have a predominant plug or slip‐dominated flow behavior in the die, while others can be more sticky. Generally, the sticky highly viscous formulations will be more affected by shear heating effects when exposed to high rates during processing. We also give a detailed discussion, with examples, of how data from the device are to be analyzed and how the correct flow boundary condition is to be identified.     

锥体开缝对水力旋流器固液分离性能的影响

设计了一种新型锥体切向开缝结构的水力旋流器，并针对锥体开缝长度、位置、数量以及开缝型式对水力旋流器分离性能的影响开展了实验研究。研究结果表明：锥体开缝会使水力旋流器的压降大幅降低；开缝长度由10 mm增大到50 mm的过程中，分离效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势，开缝长度为20 mm时最佳；第二条缝隙的开缝位置由锥体底部向上移动的过程中，分离效率也呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，距底部缝隙80 mm时分离效率最高；保持出口截面积不变，在底部开6 mm长的缝隙，另外在最佳开缝位置处开一条长缝隙时的分离效率最高，且与底部缝隙呈反方向分布是最优的开缝型式，与常规水力旋流器对比，在高流量下其分离效率仅降低了1.48%，但压降降低可达36.84%，节能效果显著，具有重要的应用价值。     

钢包用刚玉-尖晶石透气砖的研制与应用

研究了基质中MgO含量对以电熔刚玉、尖晶石为主要原料制成的刚玉 -尖晶石透气砖 (砖芯 )性能的影响 ,并比较了刚玉 -尖晶石砖与传统铬刚玉砖的性能。结果表明 :刚玉 -尖晶石砖热震稳定性优于铬刚玉砖 ,但其体积稳定性不如铬刚玉砖 ,生产中不易控制 ;工业试验表明 ,刚玉 -尖晶石透气砖 (砖芯和座砖 )优于传统铬刚玉透气砖。