Ti-xCr-yCu钛基材料的制备及组织性能研究

通过粉末冶金法制备了Ti-xCr、Ti-yCu及Ti-xCr-yCu钛基材料,研究了Cr、Cu含量对其相组成、显微组织、压缩屈服强度、弹性模量以及切削加工性能的影响规律。结果表明:随Cr含量的增加,Ti-xCr钛基材料依次出现了Ti_4Cr、TiCr_2及Cr相,其压缩屈服强度表现出先增大后减小的趋势,当Cr含量为10%时其屈服强度达到最大值(710 MPa),同时,添加Cr元素有利于降低钛基材料的弹性模量,最低可达25 GPa。添加Cu元素的钛基材料,随Cu含量的增加,Ti_2Cu相增加,并且显微组织细化,屈服强度降低;弹性模量受Cu含量影响较小而受烧结温度影响较大。添加Cr和Cu元素的钛基材料,其显微组织主要为网篮组织,弹性模量低于纯钛,其中添加Cu元素有利于细化层片,添加Cr元素有利于细化等轴组织。此外,Cr含量为5%时,钛基材料具有较佳的切削加工性能。     

Q345钢连铸坯压缩状态下的高温力学性能

Q345钢应用广泛,其在拉伸状态下的高温力学性能已有部分研究,但高温压缩力学性能数据匮乏。利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对Q345钢连铸坯试样进行了热压缩试验,研究了应变速率为0.01 s-1时试样在压缩状态下的屈服强度、抗压强度和弹性模量等随温度(973~1 673 K)的变化规律,同时探讨了试样在1 473 K时不同应变速率(0.001、0.01和0.05 s-1)下的高温力学性能。结果表明,在973~1 373 K温度内,屈服强度和抗压强度都表现出对温度的敏感性。屈服强度由90降到24 MPa,抗压强度由202降到40 MPa。在1 373~1 673 K温度内,屈服强度和抗压强度降幅都很小。弹性模量随温度的升高而减小,其值在1 473和1 573 K温度下相差最大,达1 712 MPa。屈服强度对应变速率的变化并不敏感,均在20 MPa左右,而极限抗压强度由28增加到45 MPa。最后根据试验数据绘制了Q345钢连铸坯在热压缩状态下的屈服强度等高温性能参数随温度变化的关系曲线,可为轻/重压下等技术提供参考数据。     

底材对具有纳米结构珠光体1045钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过铝热反应熔化法分别在铜底材和玻璃底材上制备了1045钢。采用光学显微镜,电子探针,扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射仪对1045钢的微观组织进行了表征。并测试了1045钢的压缩性能和拉伸性能。实验结果表明,铜底材和玻璃底材制备1045钢中的珠光体平均片间距分别为120.8 nm和90 nm,为纳米结构;铜底材1045钢的抗压强度,压缩屈服强度,抗拉强度和拉伸屈服强度分别为800 MPa,450 MPa,464MPa和218 MPa;玻璃底材1045钢的抗压强度,压缩屈服强度,抗拉强度和拉伸屈服强度分别为860 MPa,510MPa,545 MPa和238 MPa。玻璃底材上制备的1045钢力学性能要优于铜底材上的。     

冷却介质对退火态Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金力学性能的影响

考察在过冷液相区内790K+30min保温后炉冷和液氮冷却对Cu50Zr42Al8压缩断裂行为的影响。5mm铸态非晶复合棒的屈服强度、断裂强度和杨氏模量分别为1670MPa,1849MPa和104.4GPa,塑性应变为1.9%。经炉冷和液氮冷却试样的压缩断裂强度和杨氏模量下降,分别为912,678MPa和38,56.5GPa。液氮冷却试样为部分非晶结构,炉冷试样完全晶化。晶化相均为正交晶相Cu10Zr7,四角晶相CuZr2和DO3结构的AlCu2Zr三种脆化相。     

HTRB600级高强钢筋高温下的力学性能

为研究600 MPa级高强钢筋高温下的力学性能,对HTRB600级热处理高强钢筋进行高温下的拉伸试验,分别测得其在20,200,300,400,500,600,700及800℃高温下的弹性模量、比例极限、屈服强度、极限强度及应力-应变曲线.试验结果表明:HTRB600级高强钢筋高温下屈服强度、极限强度、比例极限与弹性模量均随着温度的升高而显著降低.500℃时其高温下的弹性模量、比例极限、屈服强度与极限强度降低为不足常温下的50%,800℃时已不足常温下的10%.高温下HTRB600级高强钢筋应力-应变曲线随温度的升高逐渐趋于圆滑,当温度达到200℃时,屈服台阶就已消失.600 MPa级钢筋高温下屈服强度和极限强度的降低程度明显大于其他钢筋500 MPa以下强度的钢筋.最后提出了适用于HTRB600级高强钢筋的高温下应力-应变曲线简化计算模型.      

萍安钢高线穿水冷却系统技术改造

针对萍安钢高线生产的盘螺屈服强度偏低及屈服平台不明显的问题,进行了摩根穿水系统改造。改进了中轧、预精轧、精轧的穿水阀,采用摩根6代穿水冷却系统、低压多段,隔段隔阀开启。优化了穿水冷却工艺参数和轧制工艺参数,盘螺的屈服强度稳定在430 MPa、抗拉强度稳定在600 MPa以上,并且减少了缺陷部位的剪切量,提高成材率约0.2%。     

不锈钢金属蜂窝的制备、组织结构及力学性能研究

采用410L不锈钢粉末与增塑剂的混合物，用增塑挤压烧结法制备了不锈钢金属蜂窝，研究了挤压成形过程、烧结温度和时间对蜂窝组织结构的影响及蜂窝的压缩性能。结果表明，合适的挤压料配比为70％～80％，挤压力为9．5～11MPa；随烧结温度、时间的提高，蜂窝的表观密度等结构参数都提高，但温度的影响大于时间的影响；烧结组织由Fe—Cr固溶体、（Fe，Cr），Si和（Fe，Cr）3C组成，最佳烧结参数为1235℃及25min；蜂窝屈服强度与表观密度密切相关；径向压缩为单一层状屈服，最大屈服强度可达40．9MPa（表观密度2．16g／cm^3）；轴向压缩变形为多变形带屈服，最大屈服强度为224．7MPa（表观密度2．02g／cm^3）。     

12%SiCp/Al复合材料制备工艺及力学性能研究

对碳化硅颗粒进行表面氧化酸洗处理，采用粉末冶金加热挤压工艺制备了12％SiCp／Al（体积分数）复合材料。利用金相显微镜和电镜对微观组织进行了观测，拉伸试验测试复合材料的力学性能。试验结果表明：SiC颗粒在铝基体中分布比较均匀；T6热处理条件下12％SiCp／Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别约为472．4MPa、525．7MPa，伸长率为6．5％，弹性模量为92．7GPa。     

孔隙度对烧结不锈钢纤维多孔材料压缩性能的影响

采用丝径为100μm的不锈钢纤维经松装烧结工艺制备了孔隙度在70%～95%之间的金属纤维多孔板材.在MTS858材料试验机上检测压缩性能,结果表明:孔隙度在82.8%以下的试件的面内应力应变曲线大致分为三个阶段,应变很低情况下的线性弹性区、屈服平台区和应力急剧增大情况下的致密化区,其中屈服平台区较长,说明该材料具有较强的能量吸收能力;随着孔隙度的增加,不锈钢纤维多孔材料的卸载模量、屈服强度减小,其中孔隙度为70%的烧结不锈钢纤维多孔材料的平均卸载模量为5.2GPa,平均屈服强度达到了23MPa;孔隙度大于90.1%的试件屈服强度很低,能量吸收能力很小.     

稀土增强型多孔铝的制备及性能检测

采用粉末冶金法中的添加造孔剂法制备多孔铝材料,其中铝粉与造孔剂的原料比例为7∶3。选择NH_4HCO_3和NaCl作为造孔剂,并在四个不同烧结温度下高真空烧结制得多孔铝材料。添加不同含量的氟化镧和氧化铈,探究其对多孔铝的影响。结果表明,烧结温度为600℃时能够获得具有较好晶粒组织的多孔铝。LaF_3添加含量在0.5%(质量分数)时,多孔铝材料的抗压强度可达52.4 MPa,其弹性模量可达1.56 GPa。当CeO_2添加量达到1%(质量分数)时,多孔铝的抗压强度和弹性模量达到最好,分别为45 MPa和1.25 GPa。     

Mechanical properties and strength retention of carbon fibre-reinforced liquid crystalline polymer (LCP/CF) composite: an experimental study on rabbits

A novel composite material with ultra-high flexural strength and cortical-bone-matched elastic modulus made of liquid crystalline polymer reinforced with carbon fibres (LCP/CF) is described. Cylindrical rods of 3.2 mm diameter and 50 mm length were fabricated by a preimpregnation/pultrusion method. The initial mechanical properties of the LCP/CF rods were as follows: flexural strength 448 MPa, flexural modulus 43 GPa, shear strength 164 MPa, and interlaminar shear strength 15.3 MPa. In the in vitro study the LCP/CF rods were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline of 37 degrees C for 12, 24, and 52 weeks. In the in vivo study the LCP/CF rods were implanted into the medullary cavity of both femora and subcutaneous tissue of the New Zealand White rabbits for 12, 24, and 52 weeks. The flexural strength of the LCP/CF rods at 52 weeks was 463 MPa in saline, 467 MPa in the subcutaneous tissue and 466 MPa in the medullary cavity of the femur. The flexural modulus was 44.6, 48.9 and 46.2 GPa, respectively. The corresponding shear strength values were 160, 178 and 181 MPa. We conclude that the LCP/CF is a promising material for high-load applications and the LCP/CF rods retain their initial mechanical properties in one-year follow-up in vivo and in vitro.     

多孔钛的粉末冶金法制备及其力学性能

采用粉末冶金法成功制备出力学性能与骨匹配的开孔型多孔钛,其孔隙率分布在8.6%～35.4%之间,平均孔径随孔隙率增加而增加;抗压强度随孔隙率的增加而降低,分布在252～848 MPa之间;通过应力-应变曲线计算得到其弹性模量在7.2～9.9 GPa之间,接近人骨弹性模量。此多孔钛有望成为理想的人工骨修复材料。     

Metastable β-type Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn Alloy with Ultralow Young’s Modulus and High Strength

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the mechanical properties of a novel metastable β-type Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn (wt pct) alloy has been investigated. The solution-treated alloy consists of β and α″ phases and exhibits a two-stage yielding with a low yield stress (around 100 MPa). After cold rolling at a reduction of 87.5 pct and subsequent annealing treat at 623 K (350 °C) for 30 minutes, a fine microstructure with nano-sized α precipitates distributed in small β grains as well as high density of dislocations was obtained to achieve a yield strength of 954 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 999 MPa. With low stability of β phase and small volume fraction of α precipitates, the annealed specimen exhibits a low Young’s modulus of 45 GPa. Such an excellent combination of the low elastic modulus and high strength in mechanical properties indicates a great potential candidate for biomedical applications.     

Properties of closed-cell nickel-graphite composite

Nickel/graphite cells consisting of graphite cores and nickel cell walls were formed into form lightweight cell composite samples by hot-pressing in reducing atmosphere. In the composite samples, the cells walls were diffusion-bonded to form a continuous metal-matrix. The composite density ranged from 2 to 4 g/cm³. Mechanical properties of the composite were measured in bending, compression and by ultrasound wave propagation, and were correlated with the properties of the constituent elements. Tensile strength derived from bending tests, compression strength, ductility in tension and compression, Young’s modulus, velocity of sound, and damping coefficient were measured on samples with a density of 3.35 g/cm³. Young’s modulus values ranged from 4 to 35 GPa depending on the measurement methods. The flow stress in compression ranged from 35 to 120 MPa. Plastic deformations of over 15 pct were obtained in compression testing before shear failure occurred. The composite has high damping capacity. Attenuation measurements of transmitted ultrasound pulses yielded a value for the attenuation constant of 0.34 mm⁻¹, more than five times than that of gray iron.     

模拟点蚀油气管线钢的拉伸性能

根据发生点腐蚀的油气管线基体有许多点蚀坑的特点,通过计算机产生随机数确定点蚀坑的位置,用小钻头打孔的方法模拟X60管线钢基体的多孔特征进行拉伸试验,测得其弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度,并将理论计算值与前二者进行比较和修正,给出了多孔钢材的抗拉强度与孔隙率的函数关系.结果表明,多孔钢材弹性模量的实测值随孔隙率的变化与理论预测结果较为吻合;钢材实测屈服强度也随着孔隙率的增加而减少,但在较高孔隙率时其减少趋势变缓;衰减速率的实测值略大于理论预测值;实测抗拉强度随孔隙率的变化曲线与屈服强度相似,但对孔隙率更敏感.