In783合金的相组成和组织结构

 通过组织观察，研究了In783合金在铸态、热变形态、固溶处理和时效后的相组成及组织特征。结果表明，In783合金在γ基体上除了析出弥散的γ′相外，还析出β(NiAl)相。β(NiAl)相在铸态、热变形态下呈块状、长条状或粒状，1 120 ℃固溶处理后为粒状。合金再经845 ℃×3 h(空冷)时效处理后，析出粒状和短棒状β(NiAl)相，而且在β(NiAl)相周围出现了γ′相贫化区。     

含5%铬镍基单晶高温合金相分析

近年来单晶技术的发展解决了镍基高温合金晶界强化问题,使镍基高温合金具有优良的综合性能。合金的高温性能除取决于合金成份和工艺外,还必需进行适宜的热处理。对于新型单晶合金应选择合适的固溶温度,尽可能使铸态粗化γ′,相固溶而使显微组织均匀化,以便时效时能保证析出大量均匀弥散的γ′,相(二次γ′),这种弥散γ′相能提供在一定γ′体积百分数下的最佳蠕变抗力。为了研究不同固溶温度对NASAIR—100合金的组织和性能的影     

热处理工艺对注射成形IN713C合金组织与力学性能的影响

以气雾化IN713C合金粉末为原料,采用注射成形工艺制得合金材料,分别在1 150,1 175和1 200℃下进行固溶处理,然后在760,850和930℃进行时效热处理,通过扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪对合金的显微组织与物相组成进行观察与分析,并测定时效态合金的硬度与抗拉强度。结果表明:固溶温度达到1 175℃后,继续升高温度,则冷却过程中γ′析出相减少,固溶处理温度为1 175℃时合金的硬度(HRC)和抗拉强度分别为42.4和1175.9 MPa。时效处理温度为760℃时,合金的硬度(HRC)和抗拉强度分别达到43.6和1 223.7 MPa;时效温度高于760℃时,γ′相尺寸由于晶格错配度过大而粗化,随时效处理温度升高,γ′相尺寸逐渐增大,数量逐步减少,强化相体积分数降低,合金的硬度与抗拉强度都降低。注射成形IN713C合金的最优热处理制度为1 175℃/2h/AC+760℃/16 h/AC。     

固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用不同的固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu(质量分数,%)合金进行热处理,然后在(150℃/10 h)条件下进行时效处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、维氏硬度与极化曲线测试,研究固溶温度对挤压态合金显微组织、硬度与腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理促进晶界处的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相充分溶入α-Mg基体中。提高固溶温度使基体晶粒再结晶长大,逐渐缩小T-MgAlCuZn相心部的Cu元素富集区,改变β析出相的形态和分布,促进层片状β相在α-Mg晶界析出,从而提高时效态合金的硬度。但固溶温度超过420℃时,合金晶粒粗化并发生过烧。固溶温度升高导致合金腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速率加快。     

固溶时效处理对SLM成形CoCrWMo合金组织与性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化成形工艺制备CoCrWMo合金,将合金在1 200℃固溶1 h后再分别在600,700,750,800和900℃下时效10 h,研究固溶-时效处理对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,SLM成形态CoCrWMo合金由FCC的γ相和HCP的ε相马氏体组成。在固溶时效过程中,发生γ相(FCC相)向ε相(HCP相)的转变,随时效温度升高,ε相马氏体含量增加,同时析出沉淀物M_(23)C_6(M=Cr,Mo,W)。在750℃时效的合金中,ε相比例为77%,表明时效处理可促进FCC→HCP马氏体的相变,所有时效态合金的显微硬度均明显高于固溶态合金的硬度。在750℃时效的合金,在兼顾伸长率的同时,强度提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1 076 MPa和820.8 MPa,伸长率达10.5%。     

GH720Li合金的铸态组织和均匀化工艺

对GH720Li合金的铸态组织及均匀化工艺进行了研究,采用物理化学相分析的方法确定了该合金析出相的类型、数量和γ′相的粒径分布。结果表明：该合金在铸造状态下的析出相是γ′、Ti(C,N)、TiC和M2B2(痕),其中γ′相的质量分数高达34．187％。均匀化的结果表明：GH720Li合金适宜的均匀化温度为1190℃。     

镍基高温合金GH4151的偏析及相析出行为

摘要：利用电子探针(EPMA)、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）及差热分析（DTA）研究了GH4151合金的元素偏析行为、铸态组织特征以及析出相种类,并对合金凝固过程进行讨论。结果表明：GH4151合金凝固过程中,W元素偏聚于枝晶干,Mo、Nb、Ti元素偏聚于枝晶间,Co、Cr、Al元素几乎不发生偏析,Nb、Ti元素偏析较重。GH4151铸锭心部为粗大的等轴晶,主要析出相包括强化相γ′相、一次碳化物、η相、（γ+γ′）共晶相以及Laves相,其中枝晶间分布的η相、（γ+γ′）共晶相和Laves相为低温脆性相在凝固末期形成,扩大了合金的凝固区间,从而导致合金热裂敏感性增加。     

Mo含量对第四代单晶高温合金 组织及稳定性的影响

为优化第四代单晶高温合金的Mo含量，在真空定向凝固炉中采用选晶法制备1 % Mo和3 % Mo的2种单晶高温合金, 采用JMatPro软件计算了不同Mo含量合金相图，通过扫描电镜和能谱仪研究Mo含量对合金凝固特征，铸态组织，热处理组织和1 100 ℃/1 000 h长期时效组织的影响.结果表明，随着Mo含量增加，固液相线下移，糊状区变宽，γ′相和TCP相含量增加；铸态合金中共晶含量减少，γ相尺寸减小，其均匀化和立方化程度稍有增加；此外，热处理组织中γ′相立方化程度增加，长期时效组织中TCP相析出量增加，合金的组织稳定性下降.      

GH742y合金的铸态组织及铸态偏析的改善

 研究了GH742y合金铸态组织、强化相的溶解和析出规律、合金相组成、元素偏析及其改善偏析的方法,并采用物理化学相分析的方法确定了该合金析出相的类型、数量和强化相γ′的粒度分布。结果表明：铸态下,GH742y合金中存在γ′、Nb(C,N)及VC(痕量)相。其中γ′相的质量分数高达426%。采用1 140 ℃×40 h以上或1 190 ℃×24 h的高温均匀化处理后,可以明显减轻枝晶偏析,获得较均匀的组织。     

时效工艺对2297铝锂合金组织与力学性能的影响

对热轧态2297铝锂合金进行530℃/1 h固溶处理后立即水淬,然后在不同温度(150~180℃)和时间(0~160h)条件下进行时效热处理,利用透射电镜观察合金的微观组织,并测定合金的抗拉强度(σb)、屈服强度(σ0.2)和伸长率(δ),研究时效温度与时间对2297铝锂合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:合金的强度随时效时间延长而升高,达到峰值后趋于稳定。随时效温度升高,合金强度达到峰值的时间逐渐缩短,峰值强度先升高后降低,塑性则随时效时间延长或时效温度升高而逐渐下降。时效温度为160℃时,时效初期合金的主要析出相为δ′相,峰时效态合金是T_1相、θ′相和δ′相共同强化,过时效态合金的主要析出相为T_1相。时效温度为180℃时,合金的主要析出相为T_1相,θ′相和δ′相的数量非常少。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)