基于sift特征描述符的多尺度图像配准方法

研究图像处理,提高图像的精确性,在基于特征的图像配准中,特征描述符用来对两幅图像的特征进行相似性度量.合适的特征描述符对于建立图像之间的配准映射关系和提高配准精度具有重要意义.为了适应图像的尺度变化,提高配准算法的精度,引入多尺度Harris角点检测算法,并对一种基于sift特征的描述符在向量构造和采样区域等方面进行改进,最后通过对比特征描述符的相似性建立特征点间的匹配关系,并进行仿真.结果证明,算法能够适应图像的尺度变化,增加了描述符在图像具有噪声、旋转时的鲁棒性,提高了图像配准的精度.     

具有SIFT描述的多尺度角点图像配准

角点含有丰富的图像结构信息,在图像配准中是广泛应用的图像特征。Harris算法是经典的角点提取算法,Harris角点对图像旋转具有不变性,但对尺度变化敏感,在有尺度变化的图像配准中,应用受限。仿照SIFT特征点提取过程,提出了一种多尺度角点提取方法,提取的多尺度角点对图像旋转和尺度变化有很好的适用性。并用SIFT描述子描述,用光学及SAR图像进行了配准实验。结果表明,与SIFT、Harris算法相比,本文方法在保证配准精度的基础上,配准时间减少40%以上,特征点在配准过程中的利用率提高一倍多。     

基于Hausdorff距离的图像配准快速算法

在图像配准过程中,传统Hausdorff距离算法的计算量较大。针对该问题,提出一种基于Hausdorff距离的图像配准快速算法。将参考图像和待配准图像进行边缘检测,在待配准图像上任意选取一个模板,通过设定一个变化的阈值对Hausdorff距离算法进行改进,以减少不必要点的计算,实现快速匹配,并根据匹配数据,对图像进行尺度变换及旋转操作,使2幅图像能在空间上配准。实验结果表明,与传统的配准算法相比,该算法的计算复杂度较低。     

基于改进K-Means聚类医学图像配准

ICP算法广泛应用于医学图像配准,但存在浮动点集初始平移矩阵和旋转矩阵对ICP的影响较大,图像配准容易造成目标函数陷入局部最优值且计算量大等问题。论文提出了基于改进K-Means聚类医学图像配准算法,该方法通过计算出参考图像和浮动图像的质心,获得配准平移初始值;对医学图像坐标进行中心化处理,通过改进的K-Means聚类方法把图像坐标聚成2类;把这2个聚类中心拟合成一条直线,求得该条直线的斜率,进而求得相关倾斜角,获得配准旋转初始值;使用BSGO自动选择特征点,得到参考点集和浮动点集。通过实验得出该算法既可用于单模态图像配准,也可用于多模态图像配准;具有运算量少、图像配准速度较快、计算比较简单、精确度较高等特点,并且解决了图像配准容易陷入局部最优的问题。     

一种去冗余的SIFT特征提取方法

基于SIFT特征点的配准是图像配准领域里常采用的一种方法。但是,在复杂背景下,图像SIFT特征点通常量大且冗余,这会带来浪费存储空间、容易误配、配准耗时多等问题。针对这些缺点,提出了一种去冗余的SIFT特征提取算法。首先提取出SIFT特征点,然后根据特征点周边梯度情况,判断特征点是否落于目标区域,进而保留目标区域特征点,删除背景区域特征点,减少特征点数量的同时也实现了去冗余。提取所得的特征点质量好坏由落入目标区域的点数和落入背景区域的点数比例判断。实验结果表明,本算法减少了复杂背景下大量的干扰特征点。这将为后续的配准工作提高精度和效率。     

基于改进FCM聚类医学图像配准

ICP和互信息广泛应用于医学图像配准,但存在以下问题：其计算量非常大,耗时长;受初始旋转和平移参数影响较大,图像配准容易造成目标函数陷入局部最优值。该方法通过计算参考图像和浮动图像的质心,获得配准平移初始值;对医学图像坐标进行中心化处理,通过改进的FCM聚类方法把图像坐标聚成2类;把这2个聚类中心拟合成一条直线,可以算出该直线的斜率,得出其倾斜角,从而获得配准旋转初始值。实验结果表明,该方法既可用于单模态图像配准,也可以用于多模态配准。还具有运算量少、图像配准速度较快、计算比较简单、精确度较高等特点,并且解决了图像配准容易陷入局部最优的问题。     

基于改进的曲线傅里叶变换图像配准研究

研究图像配准精确度优化提高问题.图像配准技术一直被广泛应用在医学图像和遥感图像领域中.但由于同一目标不同信息来源的图像之间存在差异,配准造成图像不清晰.传统的图像配准算法效率和精度较低,特别是传统算法的计算复杂度高.为了解决上述问题,提出了一种将改进的曲线傅里叶变换图像配准算法,有效结合了最大熵算法和傅里叶变换算法,采用傅里叶变换算法对图像中感兴趣的区域进行分割,对各个分割区域特点进行描述并组成一定的结构,然后用最大熵算法进行权值训练,从而得到精准的图像配准结果.仿真结果表明,改进的算法有效的提高了图像配准的精确度,验证了改进算法是一种可行性有效的图像配准方法.     

一种基于角点特征的图像自动配准方法

图像配准是图像处理和计算机视觉中的重要环节。提出了一种基于角点特征的图像自动配准方法来处理具有相似变换的图像配准问题。角点特征由改进的Harris算子提取,然后将提取的角点组成虚拟三角形,利用在相似变换下参考图像和待配准图像中对应的虚拟三角形相似的原理,找到最相似的两个虚拟三角形,以它们对应的顶点作为控制点,求出变换模型参数,从而配准两幅图像。该方法只要求两幅图像中提取的角点特征包含3个以上的对应角点,就能配准两幅图像。它的另一个优点是理论上对两幅图像之间发生的平移、旋转和尺度变化没有限制。实验结果表明:这种图像自动配准算法是正确和有效的。     

基于特征的hausdorff距离图像配准

针对图像配准问题,提出了基于Harris及SIFT(Scale-invariant feature transform)特征的Hausdorff距离方法来实现图像配准。首先利用harris角点检测和SIFT特征提取参考图像和待配准图像的角点,通过两种方法获得的角点在融合之后获得更大的角点搜索范围,再利用相似一致性匹配原则剔除错误角点,进而通过改进的Hausdorff距离算法完成图像的配准操作。结果证明,改进算法比传统Hausdorff距离算法运行时间更短,算法时间降低约45%,具有较强的抗噪声能力和旋转鲁棒性,提高了图像配准的效率和精确性。     

一种改进的病理显微图像亚像素快速配准方法

针对病理显微图像的快速高精度配准的应用需求,提出了一种改进的亚像素快速配准方法。通过采用对数差值函数对显微图像重叠区域进行信息量评估,由H型对数差值模板配准获取两幅图像像素级的粗定位和有效子图,继而在两幅子图上采用局部上采样相位相关法来获取亚像素级别的配准估计值。该方法利用H型对数差值模板简洁、配准速度快的优点规避了相位相关法计算量随着图像尺寸增大而急剧增长的缺陷,并能够对显微图像进行信息量评估以避免空白图像造成的误配。经实验表明,改进的显微图像配准方法配准精度可达0.01像素,速度为相位相关法的3.7倍（图像大小为2448×2048）,更适合应用于病理显微图像的快速高精度配准。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.