2024铝合金圆柱形组合的FHPP试验分析

在国内首台摩擦叠焊设备上实现了2024铝合金/2024铝合金摩擦液柱成形(FHPP)连接,金属棒消耗段的直径为14 mm,预钻孔深为25 mm,孔径为16 mm,主要研究了转速和保护气体对FHPP成形质量的影响,通过金相显微镜、显微硬度仪等测试手段分析了试样的微观组织性能.结果表明,转速过低导致母材和金属棒无法接合甚至出现马达不能正常工作现象,采用转速为5 000 r/min,进给速度为0.5 mm/s的组合,可得到较好的焊缝;施加保护气体能更进一步改善FHPP的成形质量,接合线较未加保护气体时明显细化,金属棒上端材料和母材达到了良好接合.     

高强钢激光搭接焊接接头组织及显微硬度

采用光纤激光器对汽车工业中常用的双相钢HC450/780DPD+Z和低合金高强钢HC420LA进行激光搭接焊试验,探索焊缝附近微观组织和显微硬度转变,并研究不同焊接速度对焊缝显微硬度的影响。结果表明,焊缝附近微观组织主要包括熔化区、热影响区和母材三部分。焊接速度一定时,从母材到焊缝,HC420LA的显微硬度变化趋势为先增加后保持不变,HC450/780DPD+Z的显微硬度变化趋势为先增加后减小再保持不变。而随着焊接速度的增加,HC420LA焊缝显微硬度先增加后保持不变,HC450/780DPD+Z焊缝显微硬度先增加后减小。     

无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析

对18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢进行了真空电子束焊接,用金相显微镜观察了焊接接头的组织形貌,并测定了焊缝区、热影响区、基体的显微硬度.结果表明,18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢组织为板条马氏体组织,材料焊接性能良好,焊缝区凝固组织为胞状树枝晶,熔合线附近热影响区晶粒发生了再结晶,晶粒长大明显.硬度分布有明显的规律性,焊缝区硬度最低,细晶区硬度最高,熔合线附近的热影响区,离熔合线越远,硬度值越高.在距熔合线2.5 mm处有一个马氏体与奥氏体两相混合的狭窄区域,硬度较其两侧有明显降低.     

现场用连续管全位置自动TIG焊工艺及接头组织性能研究

针对现场用连续管手工TIG对接焊焊接质量不稳定等问题,研究开发了全位置自动TIG焊工艺,采用该工艺对规格φ50.8 mm×4.11 mm 的QT900连续管进行了管-管对接焊,并对焊接接头的宏观形貌、显微组织及力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,采用该工艺获得的焊缝成形良好,焊核区、熔合区及部分相变区在相变再结晶作用下,其焊缝组织主要以等轴状铁素体、先共析铁素体、粒状贝氏体、粒状珠光体及板条状贝氏体为主,并且与母材晶粒相比尺寸显著细化。焊后试样接头显微硬度明显增加,抗拉强度与母材相比提高约2.6%,断裂位置均位于远离焊缝的母材区。细晶强化和相变强化是其硬度和抗拉强度提高的主要因素。     

AZ91D镁合金钨极氩弧焊接头组织性能分析

利用钨极氩弧焊方法,在无填充材料和不开坡口条件下获得了AZ91D镁合金的焊接接头.利用扫描电镜和能谱分析了焊缝组织形貌和成分,测试了接头的显微硬度分布.结果表明:利用钨极氩弧焊方法,在焊接电流为152A、弧焊电压13.4V、焊接速度6.5 mm/s以及采用20 L/min的氩气焊接工艺条件下,可以实现3.4mm厚度的AZ91D镁合金的连接,接头情况良好;焊缝组织主要由黑色基体相α-Mg、白色块体(α+Mg17Al12)共晶体和灰色块体组成;焊缝宽度可达7mm,焊缝区平均显微硬度达到64.5 HV0.2,母材的显微硬度为56.3 HV0.2,接头显微硬度曲线过渡平滑.     

TC2钛合金Nd:YAG激光焊接工艺及微观组织

为修复飞机TC2钛合金结构裂纹,应用YAG激光器进行了TC2钛合金的焊接实验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子显微硬度仪分析了工艺参数对焊缝形貌和焊缝截面显微硬度的影响。结果表明:随着电流的升高,焊缝的熔宽逐渐增加,焊缝截面形貌由钉型向X型转变;随着焊接速度的增大,焊缝的熔宽呈减小趋势。采用电流150A、脉宽10ms、频率4Hz、焊接速度2.0mm/s的工艺参数可获得宏观质量良好的焊缝。焊缝熔合区可能为针状马氏体α′交织成的网篮组织;热影响区为75μm左右的环形带,其组织可能是由等轴的α相和针状马氏体组成,靠近熔合线部分较之远离熔合线的区域针状马氏体数量更多且更加密集,靠近熔合线区域有逐渐减弱的再结晶,再结晶尺寸明显大于基材;焊缝截面的显微硬度呈明显的阶梯状分布,基材的硬度在310～350HV0.5之间,熔合区的硬度在500～600HV0.5之间,熔合区硬度相对于基材提高了60%左右。     

A286不锈钢薄板激光焊接工艺性研究

采用激光焊对0.635 mm厚的A286不锈钢薄板进行填丝焊接,分析测试了焊接接头的微观组织、显微硬度、力学性能以及断口形貌.结果 表明,焊缝区组织为柱状晶奥氏体基体上分布着少量枝晶间的8铁素体,热影响区发生了回复和再结晶,晶粒有一定程度的长大;母材和焊缝之间没有平直明显的熔合线;热影响区和焊缝区的平均显微硬度高于母材...     

TC2钛合金Nd:YAG激光焊接工艺及微观组织

为修复飞机TC2钛合金结构裂纹,应用YAG激光器进行了TC2钛合金的焊接实验。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和电子显微硬度仪分析了工艺参数对焊缝形貌和焊缝截面显微硬度的影响。结果表明：随着电流的升高,焊缝的熔宽逐渐增加,焊缝截面形貌由钉型向X型转变;随着焊接速度的增大,焊缝的熔宽呈减小趋势。采用电流150 A、脉宽10 ms、频率4 Hz、焊接速度2.0 mm/s的工艺参数可获得宏观质量良好的焊缝。焊缝熔合区可能为针状马氏体α′交织成的网篮组织;热影响区为75 μm左右的环形带,其组织可能是由等轴的α相和针状马氏体组成,靠近熔合线部分较之远离熔合线的区域针状马氏体数量更多且更加密集,靠近熔合线区域有逐渐减弱的再结晶,再结晶尺寸明显大于基材;焊缝截面的显微硬度呈明显的阶梯状分布,基材的硬度在310~350 HV_0.5之间,熔合区的硬度在500~600 HV_0.5之间,熔合区硬度相对于基材提高了60% 左右。     

5083铝合金等离子-MIG焊接接头组织和力学性能北大核心

采用同轴式等离子-MIG焊工艺对5 mm厚5083铝合金试板进行对接试验,并对接头的组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,焊缝均为等轴晶组织,但晶粒大小分布不均匀,在熔合线边缘和焊缝中心出现细晶区,焊缝中心两侧和上下表面附近晶粒尺寸较大,部分熔化区宽度较大;焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度低于母材,焊缝最低硬度值为78 HV,约为母材硬度的85%;接头横向抗拉强度平均值为277 MPa,断后伸长率为7.34%,断裂位置在熔合线附近。     

5083铝合金等离子-MIG焊接接头组织和力学性能

采用同轴式等离子-MIG焊工艺对5 mm厚5083铝合金试板进行对接试验,并对接头的组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,焊缝均为等轴晶组织,但晶粒大小分布不均匀,在熔合线边缘和焊缝中心出现细晶区,焊缝中心两侧和上下表面附近晶粒尺寸较大,部分熔化区宽度较大;焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度低于母材,焊缝最低硬度值为78 HV,约为母材硬度的85%;接头横向抗拉强度平均值为277 MPa,断后伸长率为7.34%,断裂位置在熔合线附近。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.