连续空间优化问题的自适应蚁群系统算法

蚁群算法是进化计算中一种新型优化算法,其基本算法用于求解排序类型的组合优化问题本文提出一种用于连续空间优化问题求解的蚁群算法,采用了新的基于目标函数值的启发式信息素分配算法,以及搜索过程中最优解的筛选方法.根据目标函数来自适应调整蚂蚁的路径搜索行为,从而保证算法快速找到全局最优解.一个多极值点的连续优化问题求解实例证明了该方法的有效性     

非均匀热传递下传感网络节点选择改进算法

在非均匀热传递网络通信效率优化的研究中,由于非均匀热传递环境下的传感网络中的节点的能力消耗过程具有较强的随机性和动态性特征,使得节点能量消耗出现不规则发散问题.传统的传感网络节点选择以既定节点能量分布为前提,没有考虑温度造成的节点不规则能耗造成的能量下降问题,使得节点选择过程存在弊端.提出了一种自适应模糊差分和自适应粒子群的传感网络节点选择改进算法,分析非均匀热环境下传感网络通信原理,得到非均匀热传递下传感网络节点能量特征,依据节点的能量特征,自适应完成非均匀热传感网络簇首的选择,采用Logistics模糊映射对节点进行改进分区处理,获取最佳网络节点分区,将模糊扰动量融入最佳节点分区中,采用自适应粒子群算法对无线传感网络最佳分区节点的最优位置进行运算,获取无线传感网络最佳能量节点的最优位置,实现网络节点覆盖改进.仿真结果说明,所提算法可在非均匀热传递环境下实现传感网络节点节点的改进,具有较高的收敛效率.     

基于最优连通功率控制的WSNs跨层路由优化算法

针对非连通区域节点空洞效应和热点区域节点间通信干扰导致的路由服务质量（QoS）下降问题,提出了一种基于最优连通功率控制的无线传感器网络（WSNs）跨层路由优化算法。算法采用自适应最优连通功率控制策略,在避免路由空洞产生和保证网络连通性条件下,降低热点区域节点数据转发竞争干扰;通过位置信息、剩余能量和干扰等级的跨层信息交互,动态选取最优转发节点,提高网络整体性能。仿真实验表明：算法能够提高路由（QoS）、优化网络生命周期和降低热点区域通信干扰。     

大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法

为了有效提高物流配送车辆的利用率,降低配送车辆的空载率及物流运输成本,需要对大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法进行研究。当前方法多是采用通过对物流车辆配送过程中的调度与路径选择进行分析,建立多类型的物流配送车辆调度模型,并构建改进后的遗传算法,对物流调度模型的算法效率以及计算时间和复杂度进行优化,以获取物流车辆配送调度问题的最优解,但该方法存在过程较为繁琐的问题。为此,提出一种大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法。该方法首先建立物流车辆配送线路调度问题的数学模型,为实现自适应调度方法对数学模型进行优化求出最优解,利用蚁群算法对物流车辆配送调度数学模型的最优解进行优化,获取最优路径的适应度初始化蚁群算法的各客户点之间的信息素,从而得出了优化的最优路径;以优化的最优路径完成对大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度。仿真实验表明,利用蚁群算法不仅加快了物流配送路线调度优化问题求解的速度,降低了物流运输的成本,而且获取了最优解的概率,比其他调度算法具有更明显的优势。     

改进的蚁群算法及其在弹道优化中的应用

针对连续空间的优化问题提出了一种改进蚁群算法及搜索空间的自适应调整方法,将搜索空间逐步缩小到最优解附近,并通过信息素扩散机制增强对最优解附近区域的搜索,这些改进措施有利于改善蚁群算法的收敛速度和提高算法的求解精度。将这种改进算法应用到弹道优化过程中,可以有效收缩搜索空间范围获得高精度的最优弹道,这说明了算法的有效性。     

Ad hoc通信网络的局部路由修复仿真

为了解决Ad hoc通信网络的局部路由中节点或链路失效引起的通信可靠性降低等问题,提出了基于节点能量的Ad hoc通信网络的局部路由修复方法。根据Ad hoc通信网络节点路由链路分析结果,当网络通信数据包传输中发现问题节点时,待传输数据包所在节点通过检测自身所对应的父、子及近邻节点,获取各节点的相关信息,并从中选择有效节点替换故障节点;替换节点的选取过程,采用节点剩余能量与方位角差值相结合的方式;确定替换节点后,结合蚁群算法自适应优化网络链路,完成Ad hoc通信网络的局部路由修复。仿真结果表明,所提路由修复方法能够有效缩短路由修复耗时,减少修复过程的控制开销,提高基站节点的吞吐量,提升网络通信的可靠性与时效性,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的传感网络节点移动策略

针对传感网络监测区域难以完全覆盖,导致节点移动能耗较大、网络寿命较差的问题,提出一种基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的传感网络节点移动策略。建立传感器节点模型,确立通信范围,计算网络节点覆盖率。为满足通信信噪比要求,结合信息增益构建信道模型,制定通信协议。分析传统鲸鱼算法中个体捕食过程,探究螺旋式与收缩包围两种位置更新方式。引入自适应步长参数,根据节点总数量、覆盖半径与区域边长等参数,计算个体适应度值,选取初始种群,以覆盖率最大为目标,确定当前最优解的位置,经过不断更新,当迭代次数最大时输出全局最优解,即节点移动位置。仿真结果表明,当节点数量为180个时,所提方法的传感网络节点寿命为28 min;当节点数量为10时,所提方法的总路程理想值和解空间之比为0.120,降低了节点移动能耗。     

WSN中改进蚁群算法求解移动代理问题*

关于求解无线传感器网络中移动代理迁移路径问题,在蚁群系统基础上对蚁群算法进行改进,使算法更适用于无线传感器网络环境。从大量初始化路径中选出部分最优路径留下信息素,而且考虑节点的剩余能量,从而引导蚂蚁选择不同的路径;同时,针对无线传感器网络节点通信能力有限的特点,为了避免无效路径的产生引入变异操作。理论分析和仿真实验表明,改进后的蚁群算法增强了算法的全局搜索能力并有效求解无线传感器网络移动代理迁移路径问题。     

有向传感网络中通信节点分类方法研究与仿真

研究有向传感网络通信节点的分类优化问题.网络通信节点众多,在很多属性上有着较强的相似性.传统的通信节点分类方法多是运用属性上的相似性进行分类,没有考虑通信节点的传播方向,有向传感网络中的通信节点分类忽略了传递方向,造成分类过程较为粗糙,结果不准.为了避免上述传统算法的弊端,提出了一种基于密度自适应粒子群算法的有向传感网络通信节点分类方法.利用信息熵方法能够建立自适应粒子群,并且对粒子群中的粒子进行更新,保证粒子群的多样性,提高通信节点分类算法的局部寻优能力,从而完成有向传感网络的通信节点分类.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行有向传感网络的通信节点分类,能够提高分类的准确性,从而满足实际有向传感网络的需求.     

无线传感器网络移动代理路由算法的仿真研究

路由选择问题是无线传感器网络中的核心问题.针对无线传感器网络节点能景、计算能力和通信能力有限等特点,为了降低能量开销和延长网络的生命周期,将蚁群算法和移动代理技术结合.提出一种新的无线传感器路由算法.考虑节点之间距离、路径能量消耗和节点剩余能量情况,使网络中的能量消耗更加均衡,同时对蚁群信息素更新规则进行了改进,加快了蚁群算法收敛到最优解的速度.仿真结果表明,与其它移动代理路由算法相比,算法在全局性和收敛速度方面都有所提高,有效地减少冗余数据传输,降低通信消耗,延长网络的生存周期,为路由传感器设计提供了参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.