论地理科学与建筑科学的交叉研究

This paper discusses modern science and technology system proposed by Qian Xuesen, and investigates the position of geographical science and architectural science in such a system. By taking Qian Xuesen’s Shan-Shui cities as a cut in point, the author discusses the issue of the coordinated development between artificial and natural environment and further puts forward virtual science. Virtual science could help the practitioners coordinate artificial and natural environment under the virtual condition before practice in reality. Virtual science enriches the system of modern science and technology.     

略论钱学森的建筑哲学思想

Qian Xuesen regards architectural science as a branch (subsystem) of the system of modern science and technology. Architectual philosophy is the bridge for the communication of architecture science and dialectical materialism. Architectural philosophy, the leading disciplinary in architectual science, decides the guiding conception, orientation and way of whole architectural science. Qian Xuesen proposed the academic task to establish architectual philosophy and published several yet very insightful opinions on the topic. However, as a disciplinary, architectual philosophy is far from being established. This paper elaborates the author’s understanding of architectural philosophy proposed by Qian Xueshen, covering the following four issues: (1) The definition of architectural philosophy, (2) the dialectics of architectural science, (3) the methodology of architectural science, and (4) the architectural aesthetics.     

An Empirical Study on the Public’s Perception of Technology Risk: A Survey Analysis of Beijing Public’s Perception of Risk to Waste Incineration Plant

In recent years, with the emergence of new technologies, incidents caused by technology occur frequently, and it causes a high degree of public concern. The consequences brought by the application of new technologies cause extreme public panic and worry, mistrust of government, experts, businesses, research institutions and other serious impact on mutual exchange and communication. How to balance the relationship between the interests groups, eliminate the public concern on engineering and technical risk, and improve the level of public’s perception of risk, become the most urgent problem. Taking Liulitun incineration plant as an example, this paper surveys and analyzes the public’s understanding on relevant technical and engineering construction, and studies the factors that influence public’s perceptions of risk. It also explores ways of strengthening the communication channel beteween relevant department and the public so as to improve public’s overall perception of risk fundamentally.     

从水坝工程看我国公众理解工程的问题与对策

At present, the study of “public understanding of engineering” in China has just started, and it can be said that there is adequate research space. Making the public understanding of dams in China as a starting point, this paper analyzes the importance and the present situation of “public understanding of engineering”, and makes some analysis and recommendations on how to promote and facilitate the public understanding of engineering.     

The Establishment and Development of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

In 1913, Zhan Tianyou founded China’s first engineering academic group, the Chinese Assembly of Engineers. In 1915, the Chinese Assembly of Engineers changed the name to Chinese Institute of Engineers. The Institute tries to promote academic study and communication by publishing Institute newspapers and academic works. The Assembly developed quickly at the early stage and became one of the largest academic groups in China and played a groundbreaking role in attracting engineering experts from the whole country, as well as promoting the research and communication of engineering science. After 1923, the development of the Assembly came to a standstill. In 1931, the Assembly and the Chinese Engineering Society merged into Chinese Institute of Engineers.     

Low Carbon Life: Revolution of Living Style

Low carbon development is the key approach for the international community to address the global climate change. To practice low carbon life can effectively help achieve the long-term goals to address climate change. As a new style of living, low carbon life could be a revolution for human being’s living style. This revolution includes many aspects: values of low carbon, consumption concept of low carbon, cultural view of low carbon, etc. However, there are still three main barriers in practicing low carbon life: the lack of relevant policies, the recognition derivation of low carbon, and the shortage of relevant materials. Thus, in order to practice the low carbon life, the constructions of ‘hard’ environment and ‘soft’ culture should be strengthened: we should intensify the construction of low carbon policy and legal system, increase the publicity of low carbon life concept, accelerate the development of low carbon technology and low carbon economy etc.     

Development Plan of Hamamatsu City and Its Inspiration

Japan is a developed country with government guiding the market. And in its development, much attention has been paid to the role of planning in macro control. Taking the development plan of Hamamatsu city as an example, the paper summarizes the features of planning: Complete planning system, specific planning servicing objects, transparent social-economic development stage, clear target arrangement, combined long-term and short-term development aims, great attention attached to the feasibility and practicality of the planning. Based on the overall analysis of the comprehensiveness, prospective, hierarchy, and feasibility of the development plan, and combined the reality of China’s development planning, the paper puts forward the following inspiring ideas for China’s development planning: 1) Development planning should adjust timely to the changes of economy and society in China. 2) Development planning should lead the overall situation of social and economic development. 3) Development planning should attach importance to public participation. 4) The aims of the Development planning should accord with actual local conditions. 5) The implementation of the development planning should be continuous.     

The Development and Utilization of Energy Resources and the Issue of Low-Carbon

The development and utilization of fossil energy including coal, oil, natural gas etc is closely related to global environmental change. The key to the solvency of the global environmental pollution and climate change is developing low-carbon and renewable energy. In this paper, we analyze in depth the relationship between the energy development and utilization and of energy resources the issue of low-carbon. This article first summarizes the history of the development of the energy revolution, described the impact of energy development on world civilization and human development; then, the article provides a detailed analysis of the progress in energy development and utilization, and the environmental problems caused by the process of development and utilization, such as air and water pollution; finally, some important measures for the development and utilization of energy resources are listed and the trend in energy development is discussed. This article puts forward 4 suggestions for China's energy development: (a) Improve energy efficiency by insisting on utilizing high-carbon energy with the model of low-carbon utilization; (b) Promote the use of low-carbon energy, and exert great efforts to develop unconventional oil and gas; (c) Strengthen international cooperation to develop overseas oil and gas market. (d) Make great efforts to develop new types of low-carbon energy and renewable energy. The development of low-carbon energy in China has great significance. The adjustment of energy structure and the development of low-carbon economy are the fundamental strategy of sustainable development of China’ s energy economy.     

台湾山水城市理念与建设

In the history of Chinese Taiwan urban development, there are three stages of landscape concepts: be dependent on mountains and rivers, conquer mountains and rivers, and be in harmony with mountains and rivers. This article describes policies and related cases of the theory on Shan-Shui cities in Taiwan, for example some early projects like: Taipei Minsheng community, Nantou Chunghsing new town, Tainan Shalun station special district of high speed rail, Taipei’s Eco-city plan, and Taipei metropolitan green infrastructure plan, etc. Based on Qian Xuesen’s, theory on Shan-Shui cities, this paper analyzes the systematic development process of Shan-Shui cities, and its enlightenment for Taiwan.     

China Economy of Awaiting Urgently Balanced Development: On the Regional Economic Differentiation from the Perspective of Statistical Data

Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook, this thesis analyzes and compares the economic situation and developmental dynamics of provincial administrative regions. On the basis of the available data, this paper unfolds the national economic situation by the total retail sales of social consuming goods and saving deposits. As the economic situation is largely depends on productivity, the paper further observes the productivity of different regions through local total output value, industrial output value and grain yield. It also observes the production environment from the perspectives of new fixed assets investment on infrastructure, energy consumption, gross import and export commodities, land transportation volume, water transportation volume and passenger cycle. For the convenience of regional comparison, the indicator is acquired by local per capita dividing national per capita. In order to observe the evolution dynamics, all these indicators make use of the data from any available year so as to show the rich information of the systematic regional pattern of the nation’s economy. The above 11 indicators form an eleventh dimensional space, which observes the differences in the degree of development between different regions. It also observes the different structures of different economic entities, which shows the main features of China’s economy in geographical distribution: Southern agriculture region and northern mining region provide the basic resources and cheap labor forces to support the running of coastal industry; while the products of the coastal industrial zone are exported through coastal port cities.     

地震预警工程的若干问题探讨

地震预警是国内外地学研究的热点,是复杂的社会工程.地震预警工程是跨学科的工程,特别是涉及自然科学和社会科学的结合.本文就地震预警的一些基本概念和由地震预警原理带来的工程上的若干问题,进行了比较详细的讨论.介绍了地震预警的概念和种类、地震预警的模式、地震预警的能力,强调了地震预警盲区、受益区、无效区的不同能力,提出了地震预警第一报的重要性.指出了地震预警技术不仅带来减灾效果,还催生了密集地震观测网,突破了传统地震观测网的观测方式和处理方法,将为传统的地震观测学和实时地震学带来创新和变革.论述了当前地震预警技术的局限和存在的问题.结合国内外地震预警的现状,提出了地震预警工程需要注意的问题及需要研究的方向,指出地震预警是复杂的社会工程,首次提出了地震预警的社会容忍度及社会对地震预警容忍度的差异,同时探讨了地震预警效益和风险.     

防震减灾中的人与自然关系问题

基于对目前围绕地震预报问题的公众理解的反思,本文讨论了防震减灾中的人与自然关系问题,提出应正视现阶段地震预报的困难和科学能力的限度,按照“预防为主”的现代防灾理念,学会“与地震的不可预测性共处”,从而最大限度地减轻地震灾害。     

AIChE and Its Role in the Early Shaping of Chemical Engineering

In the 20 years from the late 19th century to early 20th century, industry developed rapidly in Europe and the U.S. During this period new branches of engineering science came into being. In order to have deep understanding of engineering science, the author chooses American Institute of Chemical Engineers as her case study target. On the basis of important sources and literatures, the paper made a study on the history of the formulation of chemical engineering as a new discipline from the perspectives of historiography and sociology of science. The paper shows that in the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the U.S, chemical engineers has become a new profession, and chemical engineering as a discipline is gradually shaped by the interaction and intersection of chemistry and mechanical engineering. In 1888, Boston Institute of Technology (the predecessor of MIT) started to design chemical engineering courses and to train engineers needed in chemical industry. Chemical engineers paid more attention to the connection of their work with pure chemistry and mechanical engineering. They tried to find out their own professional and knowledge boundaries in industry. The chemical industry grew along with the formation of chemical engineer groups and institutionalization of chemical engineering education. In such a context, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was established in 1908. The AIChE was a distinguished mark of the institutionalization of chemical engineering. It played an important role in the shaping and promoting of the new discipline: defining the professional identity of the chemical engineer; constructing a platform of academic communication; clarifying the boundary of chemical engineering and the relationship among chemical engineering, chemistry, mechanical engineering and other disciplines; reforming the education of chemical engineering at American universities, standardizing the curriculum of chemical engineering; promoting the connection among academic institutions, universities and enterprises.     

公众参与住房保障工程规划的现状、问题及对策——以北京市为例

住房保障作为政府提供的公共产品,具有社会保障的属性,是一项重要的民生工程.本文以北京市住房保障工程为例,采用问卷分析、访谈等方式,就我国公众参与住房保障工程规划的合理性、条件、方式和障碍等进行了较为全面的分析,并就如何促进公众参与住房保障工程规划,提出若干建议.     

汶川地震对地震预报工作的一些启示

2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,认真研究和反思这次地震中所反映的地震预报方面的科学问题,对地震预报科学的发展是十分重要的.本文简要叙述了1966年以来地震预报工作和地震预报研究的进展情况,通过分析汶川8.0级地震的形成机理,对如何认识大型断层长期缓慢积累能量的特征,如何认识这种积...     

国外纳米技术伦理与社会研究的兴起与发展

为真实反映国外纳米技术伦理及社会问题研究的兴起与发展现状,借助信息可视化技术和科学知识图谱,清晰地展示了国外纳米技术伦理与社会研究的发展现状、高影响力学术群体以及热点研究领域,以期为中国纳米技术伦理与社会问题的研究者们了解国外动态、选择研究方向提供参考.国外纳米伦理与社会研究经过20年的发展,形成了以RocoM和Bai...