Effects of precoating and calcination on microstructure of 3D silica fiber reinforced silicon nitride based composites

1 Introduction Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, such as C/SiC, C/Si-C-N, C/Si-O-C and SiC/SiC systems[1?5], have received considerable attention because of their excellent thermal stability, light mass and high toughness, etc. Among…     

Processing and microstructure of SiC laminar composites

Porous laminar materials and alternate laminates of dense and porous layers in silicon carbide have been elaborated by tape casting and liquid phase sintering (YAG-alumina eutectic) processing. Porosity was introduced by the incorporation of pore forming agents (PFA) (5–50 vol%) in the slurry. Two types of PFA with a narrow size distribution have been used (corn starch and polyamide powders). The effects of size, content, type of PFA on tape casting processing, sintering characteristics, porosity control and microstructure are investigated. For each PFA, the porosity attains a maximum value dependent on the PFA nature (41 vol% with corn starch). Only for starch, the volumetric shrinkage was unaffected by the PFA content up to 45 vol%. Homogeneous distribution of porosity has been obtained for both monolithic and composite laminates. An equiaxed and homogeneous silicon carbide microstructure has been obtained and was unaffected by PFA. Layered structures without defects have been obtained with parallel layers and uniform thickness (dense layer: 70 μm; porous layer: 80 μm).     

碳纳米管-银复合材料的制备工艺和电导率

采用粉末冶金方法制备碳纳米管-银复合材料,研究了制备工艺、碳纳米管含量对碳纳米管-银基复合材料密度、硬度、抗弯强度、电导率的影响.结果表明:采用复压烧结,烧结温度为700℃时,复合材料的性能较好;碳纳米管和银的弱界面结合,使得碳纳米管对复合材料的强化效果不明显;当碳纳米管的体积含量大于10%时,碳纳米管在晶界上发生偏聚,碳纳米管-银界面对电子产生散射,导致复合材料的电阻率迅速增加.     

Properties of alumina-based ceramic cores

Fused corundum is a rather promising raw material for preparing an alumina-based ceramic core due to its excellent high temperature resistance and chemical inertness.In this study,alumina-based ceramic cores were prepared using fused corundum as the matrix material,and the effect of varying silica powder contents on the properties of the alumina-based ceramic cores,including the sintering shrinkage,the flexural strength,and the high temperature deformation was investigated.The mineralization mechanisms of the silica on the alumina-based ceramic core were also analyzed.The optimum addition amount of silica in this experiment is 8% in weight.At that moment,the aluminum-based core has both a low sintering shrinkage coefficient of 0.66% and better properties:the room temperature flexural strength is 22.19 MPa,the high temperature flexural strength is 21.54 MPa,the high temperature deformation is 0.93 mm,and the residual flexural strength is 47.41 MPa.     

Electroless coating of Permalloy powder and DC-resistivity of alloy composites

A high-resistivity coating of Permalloy (Ni–17.81Fe–1.97Mo wt.%) powders for soft magnetic composites, SMC, was developed and characterized. The coating was made using the electroless plating method employing an aqueous solution of sodium and nickel phosphates. The chemical process led to the formation of a layer up to 1 μm thick deposited on each particle surface and composed of a mixture of Ni(OH)₂, P₂O₅ and NaPO₃ compounds, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction studies. The effect of coating on electrical DC resistivity was evaluated on SMC obtained mixing the metal, coated or uncoated, and thermoplastic polymer PEEK (polyetheretherketone) powders, pressing the mixture at 800 MPa and heating in air up to melting the polymer (380–410 °C). The SMC made with coated powders showed an increase in resistivity of more than two orders of magnitude compared to that obtained with uncoated powders when the polymer ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 wt.%. This difference prevails in comparison with sintered materials processed at the same pressure and sintering in hydrogen at 1350 °C. Thus, this process would restrict the eddy currents which affect the performance of soft magnetic products for AC applications.     

玻璃陶瓷复合材料的制备、微结构和性能

采用电子陶瓷工艺制备了一系列玻璃/锶长石陶瓷复合材料,并对复合材料进行X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和性能测试。结果表明:复合材料的介电常数、热膨胀系数和显微硬度随着锶长石含量的增加而增加,而介电损耗随锶长石含量的增加而减小。锶长石含量大于50%(质量分数)的复合材料中α石英和方石英的析出增加了材料的热膨胀系数,但对材料的介电性能影响不大。所制备的复合材料具有低的介电常数(5.2~5.8)、低的介电损耗(0.10%~0.25%)、低的热膨胀系数(4.4×10-6~6.2×10-6℃-1)和低的烧结温度(≤900℃),有望用于电子封装领域。     

Anisotropic microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits

The microstructure of plasma sprayed deposits (PSD) is dominated by two void systems—interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks—each with a different anisotropy. Anisotropy of these void systems and varying crack-to-pore ratios within PSDs are responsible for the anisotropic properties observed within deposits. While it is difficult to apply standard porosity measurement techniques to the assessment of anisotropic microstructures, novel techniques utilizing different approaches have recently emerged. Image analysis (IA) of impregnated PSD samples is the most direct technique. The structure is stabilized by impregnation and then polished and imaged. The limitations of IA lie in the impregnation process and in the subsequent polishing. Also, the images produced from anisotropic materials can be difficult to interpret quantitatively. The technique of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been applied to the study of PSDs. The major advantages of SANS are that it does not require sample preparation and that quantitative information can be obtained concerning the separate crack and pore systems, including their distinctive anisotropies. However, the relationship between the SANS results and the underlying structure is more complex and less intuitive than for IA, and the availability of the SANS technique is limited by the need to have access to a powerful neutron source, such as a reactor. Also, the two techniques present different views of the microstructure because of the different sensitivities in different parts of the size range. This article compares results from IA and SANS for a set of thick plasma-sprayed ceramic deposits possessing a range of crack/pore microstructures and discusses how the two techniques might complement one another. This paper originally appeared in Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century; Proceedings of the 15th International Thermal Spray Conference, C. Coddet, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998. This proceedings paper has been extensively reviewed according to the editorial policy of the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology.     

原位反应纳米TiB2/Cu复合材料的制备和微结构

利用原位反应技术 ,通过控制反应物B2 O3 和石墨的含量制备了原位生长纳米TiB2 增强Cu基复合材料。用XRD ,EDS ,TEM对TiB2 /Cu原位复合材料进行微结构分析 ,研究表明铜基体中弥散分布着 5 0nm的TiB2颗粒 ,并对Cu基体有良好的增强作用。     

Fluidity and microstructure formation during flow of Al- SiC particle composites

This article presents the results of casting and spiral fluidity in a Al-7 wt% Si alloy reinforced with 10,15, and 20 vol% SiC particles in permanent molds. The fluidity of the Al-SiC slurry increases linearly with temperature up to about 760 °C. Above this temperature, the casting fluidity of the Al-SiC particle slurry does not change significantly with an increase in temperature. In several cases, the fluidity decreased at temperatures above 760 °C. The fluidity of Al-SiC melts containing 9-μm SiC particles decreased with an increase in volume percentage of SiC up to 15 vol% (the range studied), presumably due to an increase in the viscosity of the melt with increasing volume percentage of dispersoid and changes in thermophysical properties of the composite. However, the fluidity of Al-20 vol% SiC of 14-μm particle size is higher than the fluidity of Al-15 vol% SiC 9-μm particles, indicating the role of particle size and surface area in de-creasing fluidity. Composite slurries travel farther in a channel of larger cross sections compared to channels of smaller cross sections under similar conditions. Casting fluidity increases linearly with an in-crease in cross section of the channel. A model has been proposed to calculate the values of fluidity of the composite as a function of particle volume percent, superheat, flow velocity of the melt, and the cross sec-tion of the flow channel. Experimental observations have been compared with the predictions of the model, and some deviations have been attributed to settling and segregation of SiC particles observed through microstructural examination. (on leave from Dept. of Metallurgy, University of Roorkee, Roorkee (U.P.)-247667, India)     

球形氧化锆及氧化锆/镍复合粉体的制备

采用化学沉淀法分别制备球形氧化锆及镍/氧化锆复合微球粉体。考察加料速度、加料方式和反应器结构等因素对粒径分布、结晶状态及形貌的影响,初步得到优化工艺条件,并在优化条件下制得粒径分布均匀的球形氧化锆粉体和镍包裹氧化锆复合粉体。利用扫描电镜、能谱及X射线衍射仪分别对前驱体及热处理产物的形貌和物相进行分析,利用激光粒度分析仪检测球形氧化锆前驱体的粒径分布。研究表明,采用化学沉淀法,通过优化制备工艺条件,可以制备粒径分布较均匀的球形氧化锆粉体;利用非均相化学沉淀包裹技术制备的金属镍包裹氧化锆微球粉体,球形氧化锆颗粒表面作为异相成核的场所,通过控制颗粒浓度、加料速度以及添加表面活性剂等工艺条件,可以调控包裹层厚度、表面均匀度以及表面裂纹等。     

可加工性BN/Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料的制备

利用气相化学反应, 以H3BO3和CO(NH2)2作为BN源, 将纳米BN包覆到Al2O3颗粒表面, 经热压烧结制备出高强韧可加工BN/Al2O3复合材料. 材料的三点弯曲强度随BN含量的增加而缓慢降低, BN体积分数为30% 时, 仍达到446MPa; 断裂韧性随BN含量的增加而得到显著改善, 较单相氧化铝陶瓷提高近一倍. BN体积分数大于20%时, 该复合材料可用WC钻头在普通台式钻床上钻孔, 在小的轴向压力(10N)下, 钻孔速率大于1mm/min, 钻孔边缘平整, 没有崩裂现象, 内壁光滑, 粗糙度RZ =(6±0.5)μm. SEM观察显示, 加工未带来明显的损伤. 材料优异的力学性能及可加工性源自于基质中均匀分布的细小h-BN的颗粒增韧机制及其易解理的层状结构特点.     

Processing and characteristics of TiB_2 toughened B-Ti-C composites

1　INTRODUCTIONBoroncarbidehasmanyoutstandingproperties ,suchasextremelyhighhardness (385 0kg·mm- 2 ,loweronlytodiamondandcubicboronnitride) ,ex cellentstabilitytowardtheeffectofvariousacids ,highmeltingpoint (2 4 5 0℃ ) ,highvalueofelasticmodulus (4 5 0GPa)andlowdensity(2 .5 2 g·cm- 3) .Allthesepropertiesallowboroncarbidetocoverawiderangeoftechnologicalapplicationsincludingcut tingtools ,wearresistantcomponentsandlightarmormaterials[14 ] .However ,owingtothestrongcovalentbondsinitslat…     

Processing and microstructure of investment casting turbine blade NITAC in-situ composites

Directional solidification was used to produce turbine blades by the Bridgman method. NITAC alloys with various carbon contents were investigated; the optimum range was found to be 0.40 to 0.48%. Within this range, except for the blade locking piece edges, the blade structure consisted predominantly of aligned eutectics. The in- situ eutectics were aligned tantalum fibers embedded in a γ- phase matrix. The blades were produced using an alloy displacement rate of 1.86 x 10 ^{- 6} m/s. Measurements of fiber spacings along the blade height indicated that the rate of displacement of the solidification front exhibited some variations. These variations were closely associated with dimensional changes in the turbine blade cross sections.     

高压扭转压力对SiC_p-Al复合材料组织性能的影响

采用高压扭转工艺将SiC和Al的混合粉末直接制备金属基复合材料。用金相显微镜、显微维氏硬度计、万能试验机和扫描电镜分析压力对SiCp-Al复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:压力越高,对SiCp-Al复合材料粉末成形的应变积累越有利;压力越高,扭转前粉末的致密程度越高,对SiCp-Al复合材料粉末成形的应变积累越有利,SiC颗粒在Al基体内的分布越均匀,显微硬度有所提高,但增幅不大;当压力从0.5 GPa增大至0.62 GPa,材料的屈服强度增加32.6%,但抗拉强度和伸长率均分别减小4%和25.5%。拉伸断口以大小不一的脱粘韧窝为主要特征。     

石英纤维复合材料与因瓦合金的胶接辅助钎焊连接分析

通过表面涂覆活性胶改性的方法,实现了石英纤维复合材料与因瓦合金的胶接辅助钎焊连接.结果表明,含有钛的液态活性胶在焊接加热过程中与石英纤维复合材料表面纤维发生反应,并通过Ag-Cu共晶钎料层、铜中间层与因瓦合金获得致密连接,接头产生TiO,TiC,CuTi,Fe2Ti等化合物,其结构可表示为QFSC/TiO+Si+TiC+Cu(s,s)/CuTi+Cu(s,s)+Ag(s,s)/Cu(s,s)+Ag(s,s)+Fe2Ti/Invar.由不同钎焊温度接头的剪切性能对比试验得出,在850℃保温15min时的接头抗剪强度达到最大值44MPa.表面涂覆活性胶对钎料润湿的促进作用、活性金属元素Ti与复合材料纤维的化学反应及接头焊缝区产生的化合物生成相是影响连接性能的主要因素.     

Effect of plastic deformation on microstructure and hardness of AlSi/A1 gradient composites

The effects of plastic deformation on the evolution of microstructure and micro-hardness were studied on plates made from a cylindrical ingot of AISi/AI aluminum composite. This ingot was produced by double-stream-pouring continuous casting（DSPCC）. The results show that the three layers, i.e. the external pure aluminum, internal AI-Si alloy and the transition gradient layer, are maintained after compression as well as rolling processing. With the decrease in thickness of the gradient composite plate, the fluctuation of micro-hardness in transition layer in the direction normal to the applied force is significantly reduced. A simplified lamination model was used to evaluate qualitatively the micro-hardness distribution in the direction parallel to the applied force. However, the model is invalid in the explanation of the fluctuation of the micro-hardness in the direction normal to the applied force. The micro-hardness distribution variation in this direction is mainly attributed to the deformation of a（Al） matrix incorporated the dissolution and spheroidization of eutectic silicon phase.     

铜铝异步轧制复合工艺及组织性能

采用异步轧制工艺进行了铜铝薄带的复合,并对复合带进行了退火处理,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机进行了复合带组织的观察和性能的测定.结果表明,异步轧制相比同步轧制的界面波浪状形貌明显减少,界面更加平整;在相同的压下率下,异步轧制的轧制力要小于同步轧制的轧制力,使轧制的稳定性和精度得到了提高,有益于提高界面剥离强度;异步速比与复合带界面的剥离强度呈抛物线关系,异速比为1.25界面的剥离强度最大;异步速比增加,铜/铝复合带Cu/Al厚度比增加.所得结果在铜铝薄带轧制复合领域的研究有重要意义.     

微合金化对Cu-15Cr原位复合材料组织和性能的影响

研究了合金元素Zr对Cu-15Cr原位复合材料微观组织、力学性能、导电性能及热稳定性的影响规律。用SEM和TEM分别观察了材料的微观组织演变和析出相形貌,测试了不同应变下材料的抗拉强度和导电率,测定了材料的抗软化温度。结果表明:Zr促进Cr的析出,保持了微合金化Cu-15Cr复合材料的导电性;添加少量Zr可使Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr的抗拉强度提高约15%;Zr的加入使复合材料的抗软化温度提高了50℃左右。     

微波烧结工艺对Ti-Mg复合材料组织和性能的影响

为了确定制备Ti-Mg复合材料的最佳微波烧结工艺,采用微波烧结制备了Ti-15Mg复合材料。采用扫描电镜、差热分析、X射线衍射、光学显微镜、压缩试验以及耐腐蚀性测试等系统性地研究了烧结温度、保温时间对复合材料微观组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度为540~600 ℃,随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料的致密化程度提高,孔隙率降低,抗压强度增强,耐腐蚀性增强;烧结温度为600 ℃时,镁均匀地分布在钛基体中,复合材料的性能最佳,满足作为医用材料的性能要求;烧结温度继续升高则会导致复合材料中镁的大量挥发,孔隙率增加,复合材料的强度下降。微波烧结制备Ti-15Mg复合材料具有快速、稳定烧结的特点,因此保温时间对复合材料性能的影响不明显。