液相色谱原子荧光联用仪测定饲料中的无机砷

建立液相色谱原子荧光联用仪(LC-AFS)测定饲料中的无机砷的方法。采用微波提取样品中的无机砷,LC-AFS测定样品中的无机砷。结果表明,无机As(Ⅲ)和无机As(Ⅴ)在标准曲线范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限As(Ⅲ)为0.020 mg/kg,As(Ⅴ)为0.040 mg/kg。6次重复性试验的相对标准偏差分别为4.28%、8.62%。对样品进行了3个不同浓度水平下的加标回收率试验,平均加标回收率在92.3%~116%之间。方法简单快速,结果准确,适用于饲料中无机砷的测定。     

土壤中砷及砷化合物含量的测试—高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法

砷是一种有毒并致癌的化学元素,砷污染已经是全球十分严重的环境与健康问题。砷的化合物分为无机砷和有机砷两种,不同形态砷的毒性差异较大,所以准确测定土壤中各种砷的形态和价态具有重要的意义。文章主要介绍了土壤中的无机砷和砷化合物经过提取,通过HPLC分离后,用ICP-MS进行测试。本方法的检出限为:砷甜菜碱+砷胆碱(AsB+AsC)160 mg/kg,亚砷酸盐(As(III)80 mg/kg,二甲基砷酸(DMA)80mg/kg,一甲基砷酸(MMA)80 mg/kg,砷酸盐(As(V)80 mg/kg。     

LC-ICP-MS联用测定As元素形态的分析

使用LC-ICP-MS技术采用种不同色谱柱对砷元素形态分析方法进行了对比,发现使用AS-19色谱柱无法实现对As B及As C的有效分离,而AS-7色谱柱可实现六种形态砷的全部分离。对大米样品砷形态分析显示,采用AS-19和AS-7两种方法均可获得满意的无机砷分析结果,但是AS-19在检测某些含有高浓度DMA有机砷样品时会遇到困难,利用AS-7离子色谱柱的方法能够获得更好的砷形态分离度以及尖锐的峰型。     

采用HPC联合ICP-MS等离子体质谱法检测虾油中的无机砷

主要对虾油采用高效液相色谱联合ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对虾油中的无机砷进行检测,基于ICP-MS等离子体质谱来测定As(5)和As(3)的含量,实验结果最终表明,两种无机砷可以满足国家水产调味卫生标准所提出的规定,可以使用。     

水中As(Ⅲ)高级氧化技术的研究进展

砷的毒性不仅与其含量有关,更取决于砷元素的形态。砷有多种价态,在自然条件下砷主要为正三价和正五价。无机砷中三价砷的毒性明显高于五价砷,其毒性约为五价砷的30～60倍,且五价砷的吸附性和稳定性更强。故工艺过程中多将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ)进而脱除或进一步回收利用。重点介绍了水中As(Ⅲ)的高级氧化法(过硫酸盐氧化、光催化氧化、O₃氧化法、超声波氧化和Fenton氧化)的研究现状和进展,并展望了高级氧化技术在处理含砷废水领域的发展方向。     

生物氧化法作为离子交换除砷技术预处理的可行性研究

生物氧化法作为预处理,联合离子交换纤维(FFA-1)技术去除水中无机砷,考察pH、再生次数对砷去除效果的影响。结果表明,FFA-1在酸性至中性条件下对五价砷(As(V))有很高的去除能力,约为90 mg/L,但是在pH为2～10时,对三价砷As(Ⅲ)去除量都很低。以生物氧化作为预处理,先氧化As(Ⅲ),再用FFA-1去除,可以完全去除水中的砷(去除率>99%)。     

生物氧化法作为离子交换除砷技术预处理的可行性研究

生物氧化法作为预处理,联合离子交换纤维(FFA-1)技术去除水中无机砷,考察pH、再生次数对砷去除效果的影响。结果表明,FFA-1在酸性至中性条件下对五价砷(As(V))有很高的去除能力,约为90 mg/L,但是在pH为2～10时,对三价砷As(Ⅲ)去除量都很低。以生物氧化作为预处理,先氧化As(Ⅲ),再用FFA-1去除,可以完全去除水中的砷(去除率>99%)。     

多功能氧化剂高铁酸钾对砷类复合污染废水的治理

以复合污染废水中有机砷〔洛克沙胂(ROX)〕及其降解产物无机砷〔As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ)〕为研究对象,探讨了多功能处理剂高铁酸钾去除砷类复合污染废水的技术与机理。结果表明,最佳去除条件:pH为4,温度为30℃,铁砷质量比为10∶1,反应时间为8 h,调节pH的碱性物质为Ca(OH)_2,此条件下,无机总砷去除率达到96.66%,ROX去除率达到66.38%。氧化动力学研究结果表明,表观二级反应动力学速率常数为0.000 18,相关系数为0.906 03。     

饮用水除砷技术研究新进展

重点介绍了近年来各种除砷新技术的研究进展,内容包括:强化混凝、吸附、离子交换、膜法、预氧化除砷技术。评价了各除砷技术的优缺点与适用范围,并认为饮用水除砷技术的发展将呈现出以下特点:As(Ⅲ)和As(V)同步去除技术的开发;易于取得或制备、生物化学稳定性高、吸附容量大、选择性高、再生能力强的新型除砷吸附剂的开发;多种除砷技术联合,多重去除机理协同的除砷流程的开发;低能耗、低成本除砷技术的开发;生物除砷技术的开发。     

臭氧纳米气泡对水中三价砷的氧化效果

砷污染防治技术,将三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]先氧化成五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]是保证治理效果的必要手段.文中为了提高臭氧氧化效果,将臭氧以纳米气泡(NBs)的形式通入水中.在不同As(Ⅲ)初始浓度、不同pH下,NBs系统对As(Ⅲ)氧化率均远远高于臭氧大气泡系统,最高可达96.5％[对应As(Ⅲ)初始浓度为0.2 mg/L],比大...     

Sorption on natural solids for arsenic removal

Steady state experiments were conducted on arsenic sorption from aqueous solutions by natural solids to test the feasibility of these materials to act as concentrator for arsenic removal from groundwater and drinking water. The solids considered were natural zeolites, volcanic stone, and the cactaceous powder CACMM. The arsenic species studied were As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and phenylarsonic acid (PHA). The arsenic removed was determined from the data obtained by measuring the concentration diminution of the arsenic species in the liquid phase at equilibrium before and after the adsorption experiment by means of ICP-AES for the total concentration of arsenic and IC-ICP-MS to determine the arsenic species. The latter method allowed the detection of As(V) additionally formed as a result of the oxidation of As(III) on some of the zeolites. The sorption of the arsenic species onto zeolites was studied on both non-activated and activated zeolites, as well as on zeolites hydrogenated or modified with iron, and with respect to varying pH. The kinetics and the ability to desorb and readsorb the arsenic species were investigated for selected zeolites.     

Kinetic Modeling of Arsenic Removal from Water by Ferric Ion Loaded Red Mud

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the ability of ferric ion loaded red mud (FRM) for the removal of arsenic species from water. The adsorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For an initial arsenic concentration lower than 0.3 mg/L, the FRM with a dosage of 1 g/L was able to reduce As(III) at pH 7 below 10 µg/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of arsenic in drinking water set by the World Health Organization. In the case of As(V) removal, FRM was also particularly effective in reducing the initial arsenic concentration value of 1 mg/L at pH 2, below the MCL requirement of arsenic for drinking water. According to kinetic sorption data, the initial stage of adsorptions of As(III) and As(V) onto FRM were mainly governed by the external diffusion mechanism; however, upon saturation of the external adsorbent surface, the arsenic species were eventually adsorbed by intraparticle diffusion mechanism. The present results are promising for using the very inexpensive FRM as a low-cost material that is effective in remediating drinking waters contaminated with low concentrations of arsenic species. We report here the sorption kinetics and adsorption mechanisms of As(III) and As(V) on the FRM that has not been decsribed previously.     

植物源食品中总砷和无机砷的分布浅析

砷化合物在人体内有蓄积作用,能引起急性或慢性中毒。生物体内的砷主要是有机砷,而砷的致毒性和致癌作用主要取决于无机砷的含量。在食品污染物限量标准中,将砷作为非有意添加的污染物,并规定了不同食品的总砷或无机砷限量标准。本文采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定植物源食品中的总砷和无机砷含量,讨论了总砷和无机砷在不同植物源食品中的分布。这有助于我们了解不同种类植物对砷的富集能力。     

Development of an Electrochemical Device for Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water

The forthcoming introduction of lower standards for arsenic in drinking water requires new technologies for arsenic removal. We report the development of an electrochemical unit for remediating domestic water supplies for homes without municipally treated water. Electrolysis in a two‐anode system provides oxidants to convert As(III) to As(V) in situ, and a sacrificial anode to deliver iron into solution. Conditioning tanks after each electrolysis step ensure completion of the chemical reactions. At the pH of domestic water, As(V) co‐precipitates with Fe(OH)₃; subsequent filtration leaves <10 ppb of inorganic arsenic in solution.     

超声对铁锰氧化物吸附废水中无机砷的强化效应

快速吸附去除废水中无机砷的技术,由于其高效性成为污水处理领域亟需的一种技术。采用草酸沉淀法制备了不同铁锰比（物质的量比）的铁锰复合草酸盐,以铁锰复合草酸盐为前驱体通过热分解得到铁锰元素均匀分布的复合氧化物,以铁锰复合氧化物为吸附剂吸附去除废水中的无机砷。在超声波辅助下,铁锰复合氧化物对废水中无机砷的去除效果显著。实验结果表明,铁锰物质的量比为6:4的铁锰复合氧化物,因具有较高的比表面积（396.6 m²/g）和独特的形貌,超声辅助1 min对废水中无机砷的吸附率可达95%以上。吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率常数为1.11 g/（mg·s）。吸附剂再生实验表明,将吸附砷的吸附剂采用碳酸氢钠溶液洗脱重复用于吸附实验,吸附剂重复使用3次对砷的吸附率仍可达到83.6%。     

低含量砷羟基亚乙基二膦酸的制备

在酸性条件下,用硫化钠作还原剂和沉淀剂,还原-沉淀脱除普通工业品羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDPA)中的杂质砷。系统考察了硫化钠加入量、溶液pH、反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速度等因素对脱砷效果的影响,其适宜反应工艺条件为:n(硫化钠)∶n(砷)=4∶1,pH=0.5,反应温度50℃,反应时间2h,搅拌速度90r/min。在该工艺条件下脱砷率达99.3%,可制得高品质低含量砷羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDPA),其砷的质量浓度为0.28mg/L,可广泛用作日用化学品添加剂和药物合成的原料。     

Removal of arsenic from simulated groundwater by GAC‐Fe: A modeling approach

A study on kinetics and equilibrium is presented on the adsorption of arsenic species from simulated groundwater containing arsenic (As(III):As(V)::1:1), Fe and Mn in concentrations of 0.188 mg/L, 2.8 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L, respectively, by iron impregnated granular activated charcoal (GAC‐Fe). Also presented is the interaction effect of As, Fe and Mn on the removal of arsenic species from water, which simulates contaminated groundwater. Among conventional models, pseudo second‐order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm were adequate to explain the kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption process, respectively. However, in comparison to conventional isotherm empirical polynomial isotherm provided a more accurate prediction on equilibrium specific uptakes of arsenic species. Effects of initial concentrations of As, Fe and Mn on the removal of total arsenic (As(T)), As(V) & As(III) have been correlated within the error limit of ?0.2 to +5.64%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Arsenic adsorption on Ti‐pillared montmorillonite

BACKGROUND: Arsenic pollution in drinking water has been found in most countries. Arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) are two major forms of inorganic arsenic species, and the latter is the more toxic. The removal of arsenic ions from water has attracted increased attention, and therefore further understanding and development of techniques for removal of arsenic ions are required. RESULTS: Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous solutions using Ti‐pillared montmorillonite (Ti‐MMT) was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, temperature, coexisting ions, and ionic strength. The adsorption of both arsenate and arsenite were temperature and pH dependent, indicating different adsorption mechanisms. The effect of coexisting ions on the adsorption was also studied and, among the ions investigated, only phosphate had a noticeable influence on the adsorption of arsenate, while the effect of other ions was negligible. A pseudo‐second‐order chemical reaction model was obtained for both arsenate and arsenite; adsorption isotherms of arsenate and arsenite fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the nature of surface elements before and after adsorption. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that Ti‐pillared montmorillonite is an efficient material for the removal of arsenate and arsenite from aqueous solutions. Experimental parameters such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, initial concentration, coexisting ions, and ionic strength have been optimized. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Individual Variations in Inorganic Arsenic Metabolism Associated with AS3MT Genetic Polymorphisms

Individual variations in inorganic arsenic metabolism may influence the toxic effects. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) that can catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to trivalent arsenical, may play a role in arsenic metabolism in humans. Since the genetic polymorphisms of AS3MT gene may be associated with the susceptibility to inorganic arsenic toxicity, relationships of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AS3MT with inorganic arsenic metabolism have been investigated. Here, we summarize our recent findings and other previous studies on the inorganic arsenic metabolism and AS3MT genetic polymorphisms in humans. Results of genotype dependent differences in arsenic metabolism for most of SNPs in AS3MT were Inconsistent throughout the studies. Nevertheless, two SNPs, AS3MT 12390 (rs3740393) and 14458 (rs11191439) were consistently related to arsenic methylation regardless of the populations examined for the analysis. Thus, these SNPs may be useful indicators to predict the arsenic metabolism via methylation pathways.     

Treatment of simulated arsenic contaminated groundwater using GAC‐Cu in batch reactor: Optimization of process parameters

This article deals with the experimental investigation related to the removal of arsenic from a simulated contaminated groundwater by the adsorption onto Cu²⁺ impregnated granular activated carbon (GAC‐Cu) in presence of impurities like Fe and Mn. The effects of adsorbent concentration, pH, and temperature on the percentage removal of total arsenic (As(T)), As(III), and As(V) have been discussed. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum adsorbent concentration for GAC‐Cu has been found to be 6 g/L with an agitation time of 24 h, which reduces the As(T) concentration from 188 to 8.5 µg/L. Maximum removal of As(V) and As(III) has been observed in the pH range of 7–9 and 9–11, respectively. Removal of all the above said arsenic species decreases slightly with increase in temperature. Presence of Fe and Mn increases the adsorption of arsenic species. Under the experimental conditions, at 30°C, maximum % removals of As(T), As(III), As(V), Fe, and Mn are found to be 95.5%, 93%, 98%, 100%, and 40%, respectively. It has also been observed that maximum regeneration (～94%) of spent GAC‐Cu is exhibited by a 5NH₂SO₄ solution.