碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的压阻效应

试验研究了短切碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的压阻效应, 获得了正、负两种压阻效应相互转换的全过程。从隧道效应和孔隙的连通性角度对该现象的产生机理进行了探讨。结果表明, 在连续烘干和单向循环加载条件下, CFRC的压阻效应会随含水量变化而发生改变。多数情况下, CFRC的体积电阻率随压应变单调减少, 压阻效应为正。含水量越少, 正压阻效应越明显。当含水量减少到约3.19%~4.04%的范围时, CFRC的体积电阻率随压应变单调增加, 压阻效应为负。与正压阻效应相比, 负压阻效应表现更强。CFRC的正、负压阻效应及其相互转换是隧道效应和孔隙连通性两方面相互影响的必然结果。      

碳纤维水泥基复合材料的正、负压敏性及其机理分析

对碳纤维水泥基复合材料的压敏特性进行了实验研究。结果发现, 在含水量不同的情况下, 碳纤维水泥基复合材料分别具有正、负两种压敏特性。含水量较高时, 碳纤维水泥基材料的电阻相对变化率随应力的增大而增大, 随应力的减小而减小, 表现出正压敏性。而含水量较低时, 电阻相对变化率随应力的增大而单调减小,随应力的减小而单调增大, 表现出负压敏性, 进而提出了一种双效应机理, 并对这一物理现象进行了合理解释。      

隔离结构石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管/超高分子量聚乙烯导电复合材料阻温特性

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)及石墨烯(GNS)为填料,超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)为基体,采用溶液共混及模压工艺制备了具有隔离结构的混合填充导电复合材料。扫描电镜(SEM)和电阻率测试发现,MWCNTs、GNS形成的导电通路相互协作,填料的含量比对复合材料导电网络有明显的影响。复合材料的阻温特性曲线随填料含量比的变化而发生改变,当MWCNTs含量较高时(MWCNTs:GNS=3:1和1:1),复合材料的电阻率随温度升高而升高,在之后的降温过程中电阻率也逐渐升高;当GNS含量较高时(MWCNTs:GNS=1:3),复合材料的电阻率随温度升高而降低,降温过程中电阻率逐渐升高;经过热循环后复合材料的导电性能降低,此时复合材料中的隔离结构被破坏。     

稀土气相掺杂BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷的制备与电性能

采用稀土气相掺杂的方法制备了La,Pr,Gd改性的BaTiO3 基PTC陶瓷,通过室温电阻率和温-阻效应的测试及SEM分析,对其PTC特性进行了研究.结果表明:BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷经稀土气相掺杂后,室温电阻率明显下降,在不同粉料配方基础上制备的4组BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷,经La,Pr,Gd气相掺杂后,其室温电阻率分别下降为2.5×105、70.0、220.0、40.0、3.5×104、50.0、9.6、5.0 Ω·m以及1.3×104、98.5、2.3×104、32.4 Ω·m.而稀土液相掺杂的BaTiO3 基PTC陶瓷的室温电阻率均在104Ω·m以上.稀土气相掺杂BaTiO3 基PTC陶瓷的温-阻效应与稀土液相掺杂结果截然不同,产生了明显的NTCR效应.     

量子隧道效应压敏复合材料

为探讨镍粉-水泥基复合材料的压敏性及其产生机理,首先验证了采用埋入式环状四电极进行镍粉-水泥基复合材料电阻测试的可行性,然后探讨了镍粉-水泥基复合材料的伏安特性,最后研究了一次加载至破坏时和弹性加载阶段镍粉-水泥基复合材料的电阻率变化规律.研究结果表明:基于埋入式环状电极的四电极法适用于镍粉-水泥基复合材料压敏性的测试;在测试电流＜10mA时,镍粉-水泥基复合材料的伏-安特性为线性,隧道导电具有欧姆特性;镍粉-水泥基复合材料一次加载至破坏,电阻率变化率最大达70%,弹性阶段电阻率变化率可达60%以上,量子隧道效应是致使其具有优异压敏性能的原因.     

炭黑填充型导电橡胶的压力/温度特性研究

分析了导电橡胶的压阻效应和温度效应,实验制备了导电橡胶试样,并研究了试样添加不同导电粒子后的压阻特性和温度特性。研究表明,导电橡胶添加不同导电材料时呈现出不同的温度特性,随温度的升高,单独添加乙炔炭黑的导电橡胶在30～70℃之间呈现负温度效应,在70～120℃之间呈现正温度效应;乙炔炭黑与N472并用的导电橡胶随温度的升高呈现正温度效应;添加纳米Al2O3的导电橡胶随温度的升高呈现正温度效应和负温度效应。探讨了压力变化时电阻率与温度的相关性,分析了产生不同温度特性的主要原因。     

Sr0.4Pb0.6TiO3基陶瓷晶界组成对热敏特性的影响

采用固相烧结工艺制备出了Sr0.4Pb0.6TiO3半导体陶瓷元件，其阻温特性具有独特的NTCR和PTCR复合效应，陶瓷室温电阻率及居里点以下的NTCR效应随着烧结温度的升高而提高，适当过量PbO则能降低陶瓷室温电阻率及其NTCR效应。利用XRD，SEM和EDS分别对样品的相结构，形貌及成份分布等进行分析。结果显示晶界中的Sr,Ti含量相对较高，而Pb含量相对较低，材料的阻温特性明显受其影响，铅挥发造成的阳离子空位是该类半导体陶瓷在居里点下出现NTCR效应的主要原因之一，同时探讨Y^3 离子掺杂（Sr,Pb)TiO3陶瓷的半导体机理和热敏特性。     

LaMnO3的A位二元掺杂对磁电阻效应的调制和提高

基于探讨钙钛矿型锰氧化物磁电阻效应的目的,样品采用固相反应法制备,主要就LaMnO3的A位二元掺杂对磁电阻效应的影响作比较研究,发现(La1-xRx)0.67T0.33MnO3(T为Ca,Sr;R为Sm,Gd,Tb,Y)随x的增加,Tp和Tc逐渐降低,ρm和磁电阻值迅速增加,均可用晶格效应来解释;La0.67Sr0.33-xCuxMnO3(0≤x≤O.33)的Tp随x的增加而下降,室温磁电阻值明显增大还提高了其温度稳定性,是因A位平均离子半径和A位离子的失配度起主要作用;La0.67(Ba1-xCax)0.33MnO3(x=0,0.40,0.45,0.55,0.60,1.00)的ρ-T变化呈现双峰特性,在O.4 T的磁场下,在77 K～230 K的温区内,磁电阻随T的升高而单调下降,可用晶界效应来解释,在Tc附近出现峰值磁电阻,这种高温磁电阻变化行为可用DE模型及非磁无序来说明;La0.5Ca0.5-xBaxMnO3(0≤x≤0.50)系列样品,当x≥0.14时随x的增加Tp升高,Tp处的峰值电阻逐渐减小,在5 T的磁场下,x≤0.20时磁电阻随T的降低先增大后减小再增大,峰值在Tp附近,x≥0.20时磁电阻随T降低而线性增加,其原因是相邻Mn离子间存在铁磁性和反铁磁性两种效应相互竞争.     

SiO2纳米粉对炭黑／硅橡胶复合材料的压阻,阻温特性的影响

研究了添加导电炭黑和ＳｉＯ２纳米粉的硅橡胶复合材料的导电机理、压阻及阻温效应。发现：添加１５ｇ导电炭黑的硅橡胶（硅橡胶为１００ｇ，下同）的压阻效应，随着纳米Ｓｉ２量的增加显著提高。在一定压力范围内，电阻随压力增加而呈线性增加。只添加１５ｇ导电炭黑的硅橡胶材料的电阻率随温度升高而略为降低，而加入纳米级气相法生产的ＳｉＯ２的炭黑／硅橡胶复合材料的电阻随温度增加而增加。且其导电机制为欧姆导电。其电导率受     

掺CCCW的碳纤维石墨水泥基复合材料的导电及压阻特性

利用四电极法研究了内掺水泥基渗透结晶防水材料(CCCW)的碳纤维石墨水泥基复合材料试样(40 mm×40 mm×40 mm)的导电特性及其在循环荷载作用下的压阻特性,分析讨论了碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆的体积电阻率及压阻特性随石墨掺量的变化规律。碳纤维和CCCW的掺量分别为水泥质量的1%和4%;石墨掺量分别为水泥质量的0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%。结果表明,添加CCCW的碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的体积电阻率随石墨掺量的增加迅速下降,并存在渗滤现象,渗滤阈值为20%左右。在循环荷载作用下,不同石墨掺量试样的电阻和应力存在一定的对应关系。石墨掺量为水泥质量的20%～30%时,碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆试样的体积电阻率与压应力呈现良好的可重复性,电阻值在应力加载时几乎呈线性下降,而卸载时增加。     

Impurity doping effect on photostriction in PLZT ceramics

Photostriction is the superposition of a photovoltaic and piezoelectric effects. In this study, photostrictive effects in the perovskite (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti)O₃ were investigated as a function of B-site impurity doping. Donor doping was found to reduce both the grain size and room-temperature dielectric constant, influencing photovoltaic response. WO₃ and Ta₂O₅ doping increase the photovoltaic response, but do not significantly affect the piezoelectric effect in this material. Maximum photostriction is obtained for samples with 0.4 at% WO₃ doped or 1 at% Ta₂O₅ doped PLZT     

Temperature effects on (1+1)-dimensional steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals with both the linear and quadratic effects

Abstract

The temperature effects on the intensity profile, self-deflection process, and stability of (1 + 1)-dimensional steady-state bright solitons resulting from both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects are comprehensively analyzed. Moreover, three physical factors, i.e. diffusion effect, dark irradiance, and the dielectric constant, have been investigated through the theoretical analysis to determine which one dominates the temperature dependence of intensity profile and self-deflection of bright solitons. It is also found that the incident beam evolves into stable bright solitons in the vicinity of initial temperature, but oscillates or even collapses when the crystal temperature deviates significantly from the initial temperature.     

自旋Seebeck效应实验研究进展

自旋Seebeck效应是自旋热电子学(Spin caloritronics)领域中反映自旋流和热流之间相互作用关系的重要物理现象。它具有重要的科学研究价值和深远的应用前景,得到了国内外相关研究组织的广泛关注。通过对自旋Seebeck效应的研究意义进行简单介绍,重点分析了由热流激发自旋波(自旋流)引起的自旋Seebeck效应的物理机制,并对其探测方法以及现阶段存在的问题进行了着重阐述。     

Self-focusing effects in an organic photorefractive film without a biased field

We report the observation of self-focusing effects in organic photorefractive films based on a carbazole derivative and sensitizer 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone at 632.8 nm wavelength without applying a biased field, owing to the orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity caused by photopolymerization of the carbazole derivative. The experiment was repeated in three samples with different sensitizer doping percentages and similar phenomena were observed.     

Surface effect aero-hydrodynamics and its applications

Surface effect aero-hydrodynamics, as one of the influencing factors in the design and operation of wing-in-ground effect vehicles, is briefly illustrated. Some important issues are discussed. These include high lift/drag configuration, power augmented ram, flight stability and control and wind-wave effects on aerodynamics.     

乳胶渗透蒸发膜分离醇水混合物

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯为单体进行乳液聚合,将聚合获得的乳胶直接浇铸制备出乳胶膜．将该膜用于水－乙醇混合物的渗透蒸发分离,优先透水,渗透通量为50一450g／（m2·h）,分离因子为80～260．考察了乳胶膜的选择性及料液浓度对乳胶膜分离性能的影响．研究了塑化效应和耦合效应对组分渗透的影响,发现在乳胶膜中,乙醇的存在有利于水的渗透,而水的存在会阻止乙醇的渗透．     

波形齿锚具锚固CFRP片材的力学性能试验研究及锚具体系设计

针对波形齿锚具受力机理中的粘结、摩擦及弯曲效应设计出多种锚具,用碳纤维布制作若干多层布CFRP片材的小试件并用这几种锚具进行拉伸试验,从而实现锚固长度计算公式中参数进行试验研究并对其进行量化。同时还进行了有粘结型与无粘结型波形齿锚具锚固CFRP片材的试验,结果表明:波形齿锚具是以第一排螺杆轴力增量为主来增大摩擦力实现可靠锚固CFRP片材。并提出设计螺杆时其轴力与剪力值可取CFRP片材极限抗拉强度的百分率。     

Mutual Insight on Ferroelectrics and Hybrid Halide Perovskites: A Platform for Future Multifunctional Energy Conversion

An insight into the analogies, state‐of‐the‐art technologies, concepts, and prospects under the umbrella of perovskite materials (both inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskites and ferroelectric perovskites) for future multifunctional energy conversion and storage devices is provided. Often, these are considered entirely different branches of research; however, considering them simultaneously and holistically can provide several new opportunities. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of hybrid perovskites for high‐efficiency solar cells. The intrinsic polar properties of these materials, including the potential for ferroelectricity, provide additional possibilities for simultaneously exploiting several energy conversion mechanisms such as the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric effect and electrical energy storage. The presence of these phenomena can support the performance of perovskite solar cells. The energy conversion using these effects (piezo‐, pyro‐, and thermoelectric effect) can also be enhanced by a change in the light intensity. Thus, there lies a range of possibilities for tuning the structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of perovskites to simultaneously harvest energy using more than one mechanism to realize an improved efficiency. This requires a basic understanding of concepts, mechanisms, corresponding material properties, and the underlying physics involved with these effects.     

Influence of interface states and deep levels on output characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs

The aim of this work is to study the origin of parasitic effects observed on the output characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs with various buffer layers. I_ds − V_ds measurements as a function of the temperature have first been performed. Several anomalies were observed such as kink and hysteresis effects. C-DLTS measurements have also been performed. From the obtained results, we have established a strong correlation between parasitic effects observed on the output characteristics and deep levels located near the buffer layer interface.     

Theoretical study on a Miniature Joule-Thomson & Bernoulli Cryocooler

In this paper, a microchannel-based cryocooler consisting of a compressor, a recuperator and a cold heat exchanger has been developed to study the feasibility of cryogenic cooling by the use of Joule-Thomson effect and Bernoulli effect. A set of governing equations including Bernoulli equations and energy equations are introduced and the performance of the cooler is calculated. The influences of some working conditions and structure parameters on the performance of coolers are discussed in details.