基于特征融合的图像型火灾探测方法

针对传统火灾探测中灵敏度不高、响应慢的问题,提出一种基于特征融合的图像型火灾探测方法.结合火焰的颜色、运动以及闪烁特征,检测出疑似火灾区域中的火焰像素,排除非火焰像素,并用支持向量机对疑似火焰像素进行验证,采用形态学方法和区域融合判断出火灾区域.实验结果表明,该方法对多种火灾和非火灾场景具有较好的适应性、较强的抗干扰能...     

基于HMM-SVM的图像型火焰识别

针对单一的隐马尔科夫模型在图像型火灾探测中误报率偏高的问题,提出了隐马尔科夫模型和支持向量机相结合的图像型火焰识别算法。对捕获到的图像进行运动区域检测和颜色分析,提取疑似火焰区域,利用隐马尔科夫模型计算疑似区域与火焰模型的相似度,并输入到训练好的支持向量机进行二次识别。实验结果表明,与传统单一隐马尔科夫模型相比,该方法可以有效地降低误报率,提高火焰识别准确性。     

基于小波变换和支持向量机的火灾识别算法

为了提高火灾检测方法的环境适应能力,研究了一种基于小波变换和支持向量机的视频火灾识别算法。提出了火焰颜色概率模型对疑似火焰区域进行分割,经过小波变换分析疑似火焰区域高频子图能量信息,对其一维能量信息进行二次小波变换得能量变化趋势和闪烁频率。将提取火焰的能量变化趋势,闪烁频率和火焰面积变化率作为支持向量机的输入特征参数,实现了火灾识别。实验结果表明,该算法有较高的识别准确率,较强的环境适应能力。     

基于帧间动态和纹理特征的邮轮舱室火焰识别

火焰探测是火灾探测和监测系统中的一项重要任务.论文提出了船舶火灾探测中火焰的动态和纹理分析方法.火焰最初是根据多尺度颜色空间中的颜色强度分割的,称为候选火焰区域.从候选火焰区域中提取动态和纹理特征,通过混合纹理描述符获得混合纹理特征.结合动态特征,得到了动态混合纹理特征.最后,利用极值学习机分类器,根据提取的动态和纹理...     

基于迁移学习的移动机器人单帧图像坡度检测算法

针对未知环境下移动机器人平稳上坡控制对坡度感知精度的要求,本文提出了一种基于迁移学习的移动机器人单帧图像坡度检测算法.利用室内图像标准数据集训练深度卷积神经场-全连接超像素池化网络(deep convolutional neural field-fully connected superpixel pooling ne...     

A New Fire Detection Method Using a Multi-Expert System Based on Color Dispersion,Similarity and Centroid Motion in Indoor Environment

In this paper, a video fire detection method is proposed, which demonstrated good performance in indoor environment. Three main novel ideas have been introduced. Firstly, a flame color model in RGB and HIS color space is used to extract pre-detected regions instead of traditional motion differential method, as it’s more suitable for fire detection in indoor environment. Secondly, according to the flicker characteristic of the flame, similarity and two main values of centroid motion are proposed. At the same time, a simple but effective method for tracking the same regions in consecutive frames is established. Thirdly,a multi-expert system consisting of color component dispersion,similarity and centroid motion is established to identify flames.The proposed method has been tested on a very large dataset of fire videos acquired both in real indoor environment tests and from the Internet. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved a balance between the false positive rate and the false negative rate, and demonstrated a better performance in terms of overall accuracy and F standard with respect to other similar fire detection methods in indoor environment.     

基于模糊聚类的图像型火灾检测

提出一种基于模糊聚类的图像型火灾检测算法。建立火焰颜色模型,利用像素运动累积法获取疑似目标的闪烁频率,借助有监督模糊聚类法合并同一疑似火焰区域中的不连通部分,依据火焰的运动特征进行火灾判定。实验结果表明,该算法误报率较低,运行效率较高,适用于多种场景的火灾检测。     

深度学习技术在火灾图像识别中的应用

火灾事故频发严重威胁着社会公共安全和人们的生命财产安全。火灾发生的不可预见性增加了火灾防控的难度。传统温感、烟感火灾探测设备对室内空间火灾探测效率较高;以人工选择特征为依据的火灾图像识别技术受限于实际火灾场景特征复杂多变,存在误报情况;深度学习技术通过海量火灾场景图片训练和网络参数优化,自动提取火灾图像深度抽象特征,以达到对火灾的精准识别和预警判断。本文就火灾图像识别及深度学习技术在该领域中的应用进行分析,对影响深度学习技术在火灾图像识别应用中的瓶颈问题进行探讨,并展望了该技术的未来发展。     

运动区域提取和闪频分析并行的火焰检测算法

在火焰检测中对火焰运动区域提取和闪烁特征分析大都分开进行,本文在提取运动区域的同时分析该区域的闪频特性,即将火焰的运动特征和闪烁特征同时提取。首先基于Ohta颜色空间找出图像中具有火焰颜色的疑似区域,其次根据视频图像某个位置在一段时间内变化的程度和次数是否都达到一定程度提取具有闪烁特性的运动区域,最后根据具有火焰颜色的连通区域是否包含这种运动区域,且颜色区域与运动区域的面积比例是否达到一定比值,来判断该连通区域是否为火焰。实验结果表明该方法在提取运动区域的同时能排除不具火焰闪烁特征的前景,且能在运动区域提取不完整的情况下保持较高的火焰检测率和较低的误检率。     

基于边界链码幅度谱的图像型火灾探测算法

在传统的图像型火灾探测中,对火焰颜色、边界等空间域特征进行识别的频率域方法研究较少。为此,提出一种基于边界链码有序数组幅度谱分析的图像型火灾探测算法。该算法将图像中目标轮廓的边界链码变换为有序数组,并对有序数组进行频域变换,获得其幅度谱分布。分析信号的频率域,得到图像空域特征与频域频谱分布之间的联系。将边界链码幅度谱分析理论应用于图像型火灾探测,并通过仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于神经网络与加权融合的火灾火焰识别研究

以室内环境为应用背景,结合火灾火焰的静态和动态特征,采用了一种神经网络与加权融合的火灾火焰识别算法,对室内火灾火焰进行实时快速判决。对视频图像进行可疑运动检测,再对颜色特征进行提取,在HIS颜色空间中建立新的颜色判据,然后获取圆形度和尖峰数;研究了火焰频闪特性,将这些特征信息作为神经网络的输入端,最终利用加权融合的算法,判定区域是否为火焰。     

面向火焰快速检测的轻量化深度网络研究

在易燃易爆场合火灾控制中火焰极速检测意义重大,其对算法实时性、准确度、抗干扰性有较高要求。为此提出一种基于改进YOLOv4-tiny轻量化抗干扰火焰检测深度网络。引入类火目标图像与真实火焰图像并通过Mosaic数据增强方式建立鲁棒性火焰检测数据集;对YOLOv4-tiny骨干网络采用深度可分离卷积进行改进,使得原网络更加轻量化;在特征金字塔网络FPN(feature pyramid network)中融合多尺度特征提高网络对多层特征的学习表示能力,并引出多检测头以适应火焰爆发过程中不同尺度火焰的精准检测;在FPN中引入ECA(efficient channel attention)通道注意力机制进一步提高检测精度。实验结果表明,提出的YOLOv4-tiny-L4参数量仅为4.22 MB,准确率高达94.1%,执行时间仅为46 ms,满足火焰快速检测基本要求。     

Depth Discontinuities by Pixel-to-Pixel Stereo

An algorithm to detect depth discontinuities from a stereo pair of images is presented. The algorithm matches individual pixels in corresponding scanline pairs, while allowing occluded pixels to remain unmatched, then propagates the information between scanlines by means of a fast postprocessor. The algorithm handles large untextured regions, uses a measure of pixel dissimilarity that is insensitive to image sampling, and prunes bad search nodes to increase the speed of dynamic programming. The computation is relatively fast, taking about 600 nanoseconds per pixel per disparity on a personal computer. Approximate disparity maps and precise depth discontinuities (along both horizontal and vertical boundaries) are shown for several stereo image pairs containing textured, untextured, fronto-parallel, and slanted objects in indoor and outdoor scenes.     

一种区域级运动目标检测方法

传统运动目标检测方法通常在像素或硬性划分的区域上实现.文中使用分水岭变换自动将图像划分成灰度一致性区域,并以一致性区域为基元进行运动目标检测.针对分水岭变换的过分割问题,在多步形态学梯度图像上进行变换.针对运动目标检测的低虚警率和高实时性要求,直接考察待检测图像中每一个一致性区域与一组背景图像中对应区域间的差异程度,设计灰度差异、颜色畸变及相邻区域间的灰度关系准则综合判断各区域是前景还是背景.该方法与流行的检测方法相比具有较低的虚警率,避免区域级检测方法中的硬性分块问题,同时又具有一定的处理速度.多个室内和室外标准图像序列的测试证明该算法的有效性.     

基于独立成分分析和支持向量机的图像型火灾探测

图像型火灾探测具有非接触性、反应快等优点,可有效解决大空间火灾探测难题,是火灾探测新的研究方向,其核心问题是火焰和干扰物的分类识别。常用方法是提取火焰在图像上表现的单个或某几个特征信息作为识别依据,需要设置大量经验阈值,识别率常因特征选择不合适而受到影响。通过对火焰整体特性的研究,提出了基于独立成分分析和支持向量机的火焰探测方法。首先在RGB空间建立颜色模型对连续数帧火灾图像预处理,并进行频闪特性和模糊聚类分析提取疑似目标区域,根据独立成分分析线性变换一对一和可逆性估计出基函数描述火焰图像特征,最后用支持向量机模型实现火灾探测。实验结果表明,该方法提高了图像型火灾探测精度和速度,可适用于多种火灾探测场景。     

基于色彩和闪频特征的视频火焰检测

基于视频图像的火焰检测是火灾预防的一个重要研究方向。为了提高火焰的检测率,利用RGB和HSI色彩空间中的颜色信息,建立了一种新的火焰色彩模型,应用该模型提取疑似火焰区域。提出了一种基于累积差分RGB三通道的火焰闪频特征抽取方法,并用逻辑回归（logistic regression,LR）对火焰的闪频特征进行分析,得到了优化的权重和偏斜率,建立了火焰闪频特征值的概率模型。最后将概率模型应用于火焰检测。实验结果表明,该算法对火焰区域检测效果好,适用范围广,且能检测出较小的火焰区域。     

基于多传感器信息融合技术在灭火机器人系统的设计

提出一种通过多传感器信息融合技术来提高灭火机器人的火焰、距离检测的准确性,设计了由超声波、红外测距模块和数据融合模块组成的测距避障子系统;由红外火焰检测模块、数据融合模块组成的火焰检测子系统,在此基础上,采用自适应加权数据融合算法分别对多传感器检测的距离和火焰信息进行融合,以提高对火源目标判断的准确度;实验结果表明,设计的智能灭火机器人传感器软硬件系统测量相对误差小,能很好的反映火灾现场信息,满足火情探测和灭火需要,具有很强的使用价值。     

Early fire detection method in video for vessels

New generation vessels are equipped with fire detecting sensors; however, fire may not immediately be detected if it is far away from the sensors. The fire process therefore cannot be recorded. A video-based fire alarm system is developed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional fire detection equipment. This paper presents a video-based flame and smoke detection method for vessels. For flame detection, the dominant flame color lookup table (DFCLT) is created by using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The changed video frames are automatically selected and the changed regions deduced from these frames. An elementary, medium, or emergency flame alarm is then triggered by comparing the pixels of changed regions with the DFCLT. The changed video frames are automatically selected for smoke detection. The changed regions are deduced from these frames. If the shape of the changed region conforms to the characteristic which the top area is wider than the bottom area, a dangerous smoke alarm is sounded. The experimental results show that the proposed fire detection approach can detect dangerous flames and smoke, effectively and efficiently.     

基于视频的火焰检测算法综述

近年来,随着计算机视觉技术和数字图像处理技术的不断发展,基于视频分析的火焰检测技术获得越来越多的关注。鉴于基于视频的火焰检测对消防安全、人民生命和国家财产安全等具有重要的实际研究意义,以及其理论基础和影响因素的多样性,本文对目前已有的基于视频的火焰检测算法所涉及的关键技术进行了综述。首先介绍了目前基于视频的火焰检测技术的处理流程,即预处理、特征提取、分类识别;其次着重分析火焰的特征,包括基于单帧的静态特征和基于多帧的动态特征,同时列举了典型的火焰特征提取算法;然后重点总结多特征融合策略和用于火焰识别的常用分类器以及深度学习识别方法;最后对基于视频的火焰检测技术的研究难点和未来发展进行了较为详细的分析探讨。     

Automatic multiple circle detection based on artificial immune systems

Hough transform (HT) has been the most common method for circle detection, exhibiting robustness but adversely demanding a considerable computational load and large storage. Alternative approaches for multiple circle detection include heuristic methods built over iterative optimization procedures which confine the search to only one circle per optimization cycle yielding longer execution times. On the other hand, artificial immune systems (AIS) mimic the behavior of the natural immune system for solving complex optimization problems. The clonal selection algorithm (CSA) is arguably the most widely employed AIS approach. It is an effective search method which optimizes its response according to the relationship between patterns to be identified, i.e. antigens (Ags) and their feasible solutions also known as antibodies (Abs). Although CSA converges to one global optimum, its incorporated CSA-Memory holds valuable information regarding other local minima which have emerged during the optimization process. Accordingly, the detection is considered as a multi-modal optimization problem which supports the detection of multiple circular shapes through only one optimization procedure. The algorithm uses a combination of three non-collinear edge points as parameters to determine circles candidates. A matching function determines if such circle candidates are actually present in the image. Guided by the values of such function, the set of encoded candidate circles are evolved through the CSA so the best candidate (global optimum) can fit into an actual circle within the edge map of the image. Once the optimization process has finished, the CSA-Memory is revisited in order to find other local optima representing potential circle candidates. The overall approach is a fast multiple-circle detector despite considering complicated conditions in the image.